I am __________________. On a piece of paper, complete this sentence with 10 answers. The Self and Interaction Chapter 4 Free hugs Social Interaction How do we create reality in our face-to-face interactions? String experiment SOCIAL INTERACTION SOCIAL INTERACTION Process by which people act and react in relation to others STATUS Social position STATUS SET All statuses a person holds SOCIAL STRUCTURE: A GUIDE TO EVERYDAY LIVING Ascribed Status Received at birth Taken on involuntarily later Achieved Status Voluntary Ascribed statuses ->Achieved statuses Ascribed and Achieved Status Ascribed StatusBorn Rich Ascribed Status--Gender Achieved Status Master Status Special importance for Social Identity Negative or Positive Gender Athlete Nerd Criminal Behavior expected of someone who Holds a particular status Person holds a status Who we are Person performs a role What we do Role Performing a Role Role Set Roles attached to a single status Role Set: Student Status Role Conflict Conflict among roles connected to two or more statuses (student, job, athlete) Role Strain Tension among roles connected to single status (student) Role Conflict and Role Strain Role Conflict Statuses Student Athlete Job Conflicts Time Importance Enjoyment Expectations Role Conflict Role Strain: Student Status Tension among roles connected to a single status Process by which people creatively shape reality through social interaction Social interaction is: Complex Involves Negotiation Builds reality Perception of events based on interests and intentions ****Social Construction of Reality Situations that are defined as real are real in their consequences. The Thomas Theorem Defining Situations SHARED DEFINITION OF THE SITUATION Study of: The way people make sense of everyday life Behavior based on assumptions Breaching experiments Ethnomethodology Taking items from others shopping carts Standing very, very close Tipping person who opens door for you Eating with fingers in fancy restaurant Breaching Experiments Study of: Social interaction as a theatrical performance Erving Goffman ( ) Dramaturgical Analysis: The Presentation of Self Efforts to create specific impressions in others minds The Presentation Of Self Impression Management PRESENTATION OF SELF (IMPRESSION MANAGEMENT) IMPRESSION MANAGEMENT**** Phony Phone Call Reveal information: Consciously & Unconsciously Dress (costume) Objects we carry (props) Tone of voice and way we carry ourselves (demeanor) Influenced by context (the set) Performances Communication using: Body movements Body movements Gestures Gestures Facial expressions Facial expressions Nonverbal Communication Body Language Body Language Learning body language Video The self is our identity The self is our identity Who we are Who we are Separate and different from others Separate and different from others Self is created and modified Self is created and modified Through social interaction Through social interaction The socialization process The socialization process Development of the Self The Self Looking glass self Imagine how we look to other people Imagine how other people judge our presentation Produces self-feelings like pride, praise, or embarrassment that shape our self conception Self Active Reflexive Process Ongoing through social interaction I and Me aspects of the self Stages of role-taking Imitation Play Game Generalized other Charles Horton Cooley George H. Mead Mind, Self, & Society Society I Me The process of learning the: Values Beliefs Norms of our social group Begins in infancy Lasts throughout lifetime Process of Socialization 1. Family 2. Schools 3. Peers 4. Mass media 4 Agents of Socialization 1. Family: Single most significant agent of socialization The First To Teach Skills Values Beliefs Agents of Socialization 2. SCHOOLS Schooling enlarges childrens social worlds to include People with backgrounds very different from their own SCHOOLS Teach a wide range of knowledge & skills Reading Writing Math Ways of thinking Also teach Hidden Curriculum: Also teach Hidden Curriculum: Punctuality Punctuality Neatness Neatness Discipline Discipline Hard work Hard work Competition Competition Schools SCHOOLS Most childrens first experience with bureaucracy Impersonal rules Strict time schedule Characteristics of many organizations that will employ them later in life. Different social skills than the family Different social skills than the family Most influential agent for older children and adults Most influential agent for older children and adults 3. Peers The peer group: Social group whose members have: Interests Social position Age in common Peer Group Escape direct supervision of adults Opportunity to discuss interests and topics not discussed with adults Peers Peers may affect short-term interests such as music, fashion, entertainment but Parents retain greater influence over long-term goals such as going to college Peers Impersonal communications aimed at a vast audience Newspapers, Radio, TV, Websites In US., has an enormous effect on attitudes and behavior Example: Highest rate of TV ownership in the world 4. Mass Media How many hours a day do you spend watching TV? Other types of mass media? Mass Media Has become important agent of socialization Often overriding the family and other institutions Instilling values and norms Mass Media {