hypoaspis (laelaspis) mites from north america and mexico (acarina: dermanyssidae; laelapinae)

Hypoaspis (Laelaspis) Mites from North America and Mexico (Acarina: Dermanyssidae;Laelapinae)Author(s): Preston E. Hunter and Sandra J. GloverSource: The Florida Entomologist, Vol. 51, No. 2 (Jun., 1968), pp. 63-73Published by: Florida Entomological SocietyStable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/3493603 .

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HYPOASPIS (LAELASPIS) MITES FROM NORTH AMERICA AND MEXICO.

(ACARINA: DERMANYSSIDAE; LAELAPINAE)1 PRESTON E. HUNTER AND SANDRA J. GLOVER2

Department of Entomology, University of Georgia, Athens

ABSTRACT

Four new species of Hypoaspis (Laelaspis) are described and illustrated. These are: H. moseri from a laboratory culture of Anuroyryllus muticus (DeGeer), Louisiana; H. picketti from citrus litter, Florida; H. johnieae from sand pine litter, Florida; and H. mumai from citrus and sand pine litter, Florida. Thirteen identifiable species are now known from North America and Mexico. A key to the females of these species is included.

Evans and Till (1966) list Laelaspis Berlese, 1903, as one of nine subgenera of Hypoaspis Canestrini. The Hypoaspis mites from the nearc- tic, tropical and subtropical regions have not been studied as thoroughly as those from the palaearctic regions of the world. Collection and study of species from these areas are needed to clarify the status of these subgenera. Although we feel the subgeneric placement of some of the Hypoaspis groups may be tentative, we are following the classification proposed by Evans and Till (1966) and considering Lacelaspis as a subgenus of Hypoaspis.

Nine species of Hypuaspis (Laelaspis) have been recorded from North and Central America (Hunter 1961 and 1964, Hunter and Davis 1962). Seven species have been taken from or in association with ants, a total of six known genera of ants being represented. To date only two mite species, pauli Hunter and Davis from Georgia and brevichelis Hunter from Kansas, have been recorded from the same ant genus-Crematogaster. Other ant genera from which Laelaspis mites have been collected are: Aphaenogaster, Myrmica, Eciton, Neivamyrmex, and Iridomyrmex. To date piloscutuli Hunter is the only species reported from two genera of ants (see Hunter 1961). Two mite species have been recorded from non- ant associations; these are longipilis Hunter from a lumber foundation and lundi Hunter from Polianthes bulbs. We have taken vitzthumi, one of the more commonly collected species in Georgia, from numerous Berlese samples of litter containing ants, but a definite ant association has not been made at this time.

Four new species are described below bringing the total number of identifiable species from North America to 13. A key is given to females of known species.

' University of Georgia College of Agriculture Experiment Stations, Journal Series Paper No. 162, College Station, Athens.

2 Associate Professor and graduate student, respectively.



64 The Florida Entomologist Vol. 51, No. 2

KEY TO FEMALE Hypoaspis (Laelaspis) FROM NORTH AMERICA3

1. At least some dorsal plate setae pilose or bearing minute barbs near tip -.-----------------------------------------.--2 Dorsal plate setae without barbs, never pilose ---------------------------------- 9

2. Fixed cheliceral digit distinctly shorter than movable digit -..........................-. ...... brevichelis Hunter, 1964

Cheliceral digits of equal length .........................3.................................... 3 3. Marginal setae of dorsal plate either pilose or bearing minute

barbs, median dorsal plate setae smooth ---------------------------------- 4 Both marginal and median dorsal plate setae pilose or bearing minute barbs -.----------------------------- 8

4. Marginal setae of dorsal plate bearing 4-6 minute barbs on apical half of seta; marginal setae of dorsal plate longer than median setae; seta Z5 bearing 4-6 minute barbs -.------------ 5 Marginal setae of dorsal plate pilose along most of setal shaft; marginal setae of dorsal plate not distinctly longer than median setae; seta Z5 cylindrical, 1/2 to 3/4 of setal shaft pilose ---- 6

5. Genito-ventral plate with distinct median posterior tip; ventral body setae arising from platelets; dorsal plate reticulations hori- zontal across entire dorsal plate in area from setae j5 to J3 ...................................................................... pilosc u tuli H unter, 1964 Genito-ventral plate rounded posteriorly; ventral body setae arising from integument; dorsal plate reticulations pologonal

-...............-..........-.....-..-............ ... dubitatus Hunter, 1964 6. Dorsal plate setae J5 pilose; median dorsal plate setae not with

needlelike point .-.. ...... .......... ....... mumai n. sp. Dorsal plate seta J5 not pilose, lanceolate in shape; median dorsal plate setae with needlelike point ............................7.......... .... 7

7. Width between setae Jvl equal to width of genito-ventral plate; peritremal plate not reaching posterior margin of exopodal IV; exopodal IV not pointed posteriorly ........-ms...... Meri n. sp. Width of genito-ventral plate greater than distance between setae Jvl; peritremal plate extending to posterior level of exopodal IV; exopodal IV pointed posteriorly ................ vitzthumi (Womersley), 1956

8. Dorsal plate setae with minute barbs along most of setal shaft; ventral body setae arising from small platelets . ...................... ........................ - .........-.... ....-... pauli Hunter & Davis, 1962 Dorsal plate setae with minute barbs near tip of seta only; ventral body setae arising from integument ........ bakeri Hunter & Davis, 1962

9. Dorsal plate setae with small knoblike extension near base ------ 10 Dorsal plate setae without knoblike extension on setal shaft ........ 11

10. Ventral body setae lateral of metapodal plate at least two times length of plate; seta Jv5 not distinctly thicker than Jv4; post-anal seta not distinctly thicker than para-anals, 11/2 times length of para-anals -l-- - - lundi Hunter, 1961 Ventral body setae lateral of metapodal plate not noticeably longer than length of plate; setae Jv5 distinctly thicker than Jv4; post-

3 Does not include H. (L.) regalis Berlese, 1921, which was taken from moss from Columbia, (Missouri), N. A.



Hunter: Hypoaspis Mites from North America and Mexico 65

anal seta distinctly thicker than para-anals but equal in length to para-anals ......... johnieae n. sp.

11. Ventral body setae not arising from platelets or raised bases in integument; dorsal plate setae about equal in length, none whiplike; J5 about equal to Z5 in length; genito-ventral plate with reticulations along lateral margins only, absent medially ......

-pieketti n. sp..................................................................... picketti n. sp. Ventral body setae arising from platelets or from raised bases in integument; J5 much shorter than Z5, or if not dorsal plate setae not extending much beyond base of next posterior seta in that row; genito-ventral plate with distinct reticulations medially as well as laterally .........-. 12

12. Dorsal plate setae not extending much beyond base of next posterior seta of that row, never whiplike; seta Jv5 shorter than length of anal plate; ventral body setae arising from raised bases in integument ........................... ....... ...... brevipilis Hunter, 1961 Some dorsal plate setae long and whiplike, up to 1/4 length of idiosoma; setae Jv5 1'/2 times as long as anal plate; ventral body setae arising from platelets longipilus Hunter, 1964

Measurements for the plates and legs in the new species descriptions refer to the following:

Dorsal plate: greatest length on midline; greatest width. Sternal plate: length on midline; width at level of second pair of

sternal setae (st2). Genito-ventral plate: length on midline from posterior margin of ster-

nal plate; greatest width. Anal plate: length on midline from anterior margin to base of post-

anal seta; greatest width. Holoventral plate: length of midline from anterior margin of genital

opening to base of post-anal seta; width at level of second pair of sternal setae (st2) and greatest width posterior to coxae IV.

Legs: length including claw and coxa. Type depositions for the new species are abbreviated as follows:

U. S. National Museum, Washington, D. C. (USNM); Dr. Martin H. Muma, University of Florida, Citrus Experiment Station, Lake Alfred, Florida (CES); U. S. Forest Service, Alexandria, Louisiana (USFS); Department of Entomology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia (UG).

Hypoaspis (Laelaspis) mumai n. sp. Fig. 1A-F

Known from the adults which may be recognized by the pilose J5 seta, marginal dorsal plate setae (r and S rows) pilose, median dorsal setae lanceolate but not needle-pointed.

FEMALE. Idiosoma oval. Dorsum. Fig. LA. Covered by a single plate (554,u X 427,-average of 6 specimens); reticulations over surface of plate; 39 pairs plus 3 unpaired setae on plate; setae j2, zl, J5, Z5 and all marginal plate setae (r and S rows) pilose, remaining setae lanceolate in shape but not sharply pointed at tip; seta Jl up to 57,u long. Venter. Fig. lB. Pre-endopodal plates absent. Sternal plate (116e x 88,u) bear-




D/

F C

Fig. 1. Hypoaspis (Laelaspis) mumai n. sp Female: A, dorsum; B, venter; C, chelicera; D, tectum. Male: E, venter; F, chelicera.

ing normal 3 pairs of setae and 2 pairs of pores; reticulations distinct, shape as shown; connected with exopodal plate between coxae I and II. Genito-ventral plate (264/t X 215A) not sharply enlarged posterior to coxae IV; genital and Zvl setae on plate; reticulations distinct, as shown. Anal plate (691A X 95,u) not heavily reticulated; post-anal seta thicker than para-anals, anal setae of about equal length. Metapodal plate rodlike. Peritremal plate ending on level with endopodal plate; lateral margin of peritremal plate appearing semi-sclerotized; general shape as shown. Exopodal plate rounded posterolaterally of coxa IV, extending anterior




to middle of coxa II. Metasternal seta- arising from above endopodal plate. Opisthogastric setae Jvl, . Jv2, Zr1 = and Zv2 simple, remaining setae pilose primarily on one side of setal shaft. Tritosternum as shown. Legs. Relative size and length of ventral setae as illustrated. All tarsi with claws and caruncles. Chaetotaxy typical for subgenus (see Hunter, 1964). Lengths: I, 497,t; II, 372,u; III, 357,; IV, 457,u. Gnathosoma. Deutosternal groove with 6 rows of teeth, general facies as shown in Fig. 2D. Internal mali ciliated medially. Apotele 2-tined. Cheliceral digits of equal length (Fig. IC), well sclerotized, fixed digit bearing 2 teeth, movable digit bearing 5-6 teeth and pilus dentilis; dorsal seta normal. Tectum with serrated margin, Fig. 1D.

MALE. Shape more elongate than in female. Dorsum. Single plate (406,u X 283,-average of 5 specimens) covering dorsum; chaetotaxy as in female. Venter. Fig. lE. Holoventral plate 332A long, 75,u at level of st2 and 192,u behind coxae IV; bearing 10 pairs of simple setae plus 3 anal setae, relative length of setae as illustrated; reticulations distinct over surface of plate, as illustrated. Opistogastric setae short, 2 pairs simple, remaining setae pilose. Peritremal and exopodal plates of general facies as in female. Tritosternum consisting of base and 2 pilose lacinae. Legs. Legs II not modified; all legs similar to those of female. Lengths I, 314,u; II, 233A; III, 217,; IV, 283gc. Gnathosoma. General appearance as in female. Chelicerae (Fig. 1F) chelate, fixed digit without distinct tooth, bearing pilus dentilis; movable digit with terminal and subterminal teeth; spermodactyl process not extending much beyond digit, consisting of a grooved digit-shaped process and a longer membranous fingerlike extension.

Type series consisting of 7 males and over 20 females collected by Martin H. Muma from Florida. Holotype (female) data: Fort Pierce, Florida; 3-IX-1962; coll. M. H. Muma; on citrus litter. Paratypes data: Minneola, Florida, 4-IV-1962, citrus litter; Avon Park, Florida, 7-XII- 1959, citrus litter; Turnbull Hammock, Florida, 25-VII-1960, citrus litter; Clearwater, Florida, 9-I-1961, citrus litter; and Frostproof, Florida, 7-VI- 1963, sand pine litter. Holotype, 4 female and 2 male paratypes USNM; 10 female and 3 male paratypes UG; remaining paratypes CES.

Hypoaspis (Laelaspis) moseri n. sp. Fig. 2A-I

This species may be recognized by the following combination of characters: dorsal seta J5 lanceolate, Z5 pilose; marginal dorsal plate setae (r and S rows) pilose, median setae lanceolate and sharply pointed. This species is very similar to vitzthumi from which it may be separated by the characteristics given below.

FEMALE. Shape evenly oval, widest above coxae IV: Dorsum. Fig. 2A. Single dorsal plate (580,u X 412,u-average of 5 specimens) covering all of dorsum; reticulations as shown; 39 pairs of dorsal setae plus one or more unpaired setae between J rows; setae zi, j2, r and R rows and Z5 pilose; jl spinelike, remaining setae lanceolate; J5 short (up to 36,u long), not as distinctly lanceolate as remaining J setae; Z5 up to 55A long, cylindrical, pilose on apical 1/2 to 2/3 of seta; J4 up to 60/i long. Venter. Fig. 2B. Sternal plate (109,u X 82,) bearing 3 pairs of simple




setae and 2 pairs of pores; surface with reticulations; pre-endopodal area semi-sclerotized, without distinct plates. Genito-ventral plate (248,u X

A

vD X~~~~~~~~~~

Fig. 2. Hypoaspis (Laelaspis) moseri n. sp. Female: A, dorsum; B, venter; C, pilose opisthogastric seta; D, deutosternal groove; E, chelicera; F, tectum. Male: G, venter; H, chelicera. H. (L.) vitzthumi (Womersley). Female: I, venter of genito-ventral and posterior of peri-

tremal and exopodal plates.




197/h) enlarging, but not sharply so, behind coxae IV (not wider than distance between bases of setae Zvl); reticulations as shown. Anal plate 91Ah at greatest width; post-anal seta distinctly thicker than para- anal setae. Metapodal plate rodlike. Exopodal plate lateral of coxae III and IV. Peritremal plate not extending posterior to exopodal plate. Endopodal plate medial of coxae III and IV; metasternal seta arising from integument above this plate. Opisthogastric setae Jvl, Jv2, Zvl and Zv2 simple, remaining setae pilose on one side of setal shaft; setal bases with small knob in integument (Fig. 2C). Tritosternum as shown. Legs. All legs with ventral setae thicker than lateral setae; relative size and lengths of ventral setae as illustrated (Fig. 2B) ; all tarsi with claws and caruncles. Chaetotaxy typical for subgenus. Lengths: I, 523,; II, 398/,; III, 336/h; IV, 476/h. Gnathosoma. Deutosternal groove (Fig. 2D) with 6 rows of teeth plus edentate gl row; approximate number of teeth/row as follows: g2, 16; g3, 20; g4, 16; g5, 14; g6, 11; g7, 13. Internal mali ciliated medially. Apotele 2-tined. Cheliceral digits (Fig. 2E) of equal length, well sclerotized; fixed digit with 2 teeth, movable digit with 5 to 6 teeth plus pilus dentilis; dorsal seta as shown. Tectum as illustrated, Fig. 2F.

MALE. Shape elongate oval. Dorsum. Covered by single dorsal plate (417/h X 295/h-average of 3 specimens); chaetotaxy as in female. Venter. Fig. 2G. Holoventral plate 363/h long, 73,u at st2, 205,u behind coxae IV; bearing 10 pairs of setae plus 3 anal setae; relative size and lengths of setae as shown; reticulations as illustrated. Integument bearing 12 pairs of setae, setae not as strongly pilose as in female; setal bases with small knob in integument as in female. Pre-endopodal area semi- sclerotized, without distinct plates. Tritosternum as in female. Peritremal plate as shown. Legs. Similar to female; leg II not modified; all tarsi with claws and caruncles. Lengths: I, 423,u; II, 300/h; III, 298/h; IV, 395/h. Gnathosoma. Gnathosoma and palps as in female. Chelicerae chelate (Fig. 2H); fixed digit edentate, bearing pilus dentilis; movable digit bearing one subterminal tooth; spermodactyl consisting of sclerotized, grooved process and membranous fingerlike process.

IMMATURES. The material available included 2 deutonymphs, only one of which was usable, and one poorly preserved protonymph. Both stages may be recognized by the type of dorsal setae-lanceolate medial setae, lateral row pilose, Z5 cylinderical and heavily pilose. The deutonymph has the anterior and posterior dorsal plates touching above coxae IV; protonymph with anterior plate larger than and removed from posterior plate. Idiosoma of specimens as follows: deutonymph 430/h long, 270/h wide; protonymph 290/h long, 180,u wide. Larval stage not represented in the material available.

The type series consisted of 5 females, 4 males, 2 deutonymphs and one protonymph. Holotype (female) data: Pineville, Louisiana; Feb- ruary, 1967; coll. John Moser; from laboratory cultures of Anuroyryllus muticus (DeGreer). All specimens with same data. Holotype, female paratype and 2 male paratypes USNM; female, male and deutonymph paratypes USFS; remaining type material UG.

COMMENTS. Superficially this species is similar to vitzthumi (Womer- sley), particularly in the type of dorsal setae. The female of the new




species is readily separated from vitzthumi by the genito-ventral plate, the exopodal plate and the relative length of the peritremal compared to the exopodal plate (see key above and Fig. 21). Reticulation of the genito-ventral plate of the two species is also distinct. The males are readily separated by the chelicerae and the spermodactyl. In vitzthumi the spermodactyl curves towards the fixed digit apically, rather than away as in the new species and the movable digit is apparently endentate. The leg setae of the new species are distinctly heavier than in vitzthumi.

Hypoaspis (Laelaspis) johnieae n. sp. Fig. 3A-C

This species, known only from the female, is distinct in having no dorsal or ventral pilose setae and in having the median dorsal plate setae, including J5, with a small lateral knob just above the setal base.

FEMALE. Shape oval, evenly rounded anteriorly and posteriorly. Dor- sum. Fig. 3A. Dorsal plate (525,u X 364g-average of 4 specimens) covering all of dorsum; surface bearing reticulations as illustrated; dorsal plate bearing 39 pairs of setae plus 3 unpaired setae between J rows; one seta on each side arising from integument at anterior end of r series;

C

A

Fig. 3. Hypoaspis (Laelaspis) johnieae n. sp. Female: A, dorsum; B, venter; C, chelicera.




setae jl and zl simple, sharply pointed; setae in r and S rows thickened and without lateral knob, remaining setae with small knob on setal shaft just above setal base; J5 shorter than other J setae (J5 up to 52, long) and bearing a small knob; a deep porelike pit medial of each Zl seta. Venter. Fig. 3B. Sternal plate (104,4 X 95,u) bearing 2 pairs of pores and 3 pairs of simple setae; reticulations distinct. Separate pre-endopodal plates absent. Genito-ventral plate (241A X 188,) not widening sharply posterior to coxae IV; only genital setae on plate; reticulations distinct, pattern as illustrated. Anal plate (80,u X 87,u) with post-anal seta thicker than para-anals, all subequal in length. Metapodal plate elongate; small platelet between metapodal and exopodal plates. Peritre- mal plate with pore lateral of peritreme at level of coxa II and 2 pores posterior to stigmata. Exopodal plate rounded posterolaterally of coxa IV, extending anteriorly to level of coxa II. Tritosternum consisting of a base and paired pilose lacinae.

Opisthogastric setae arising from integument; setae Jv4, Jv5, Zv4 and Zv5 thickened and rodlike, remaining setae needlelike. Metasternal setae arising from integeument above endopodal plates. Legs. All tarsi with claws and caruncle; setae slender, simple. Lengths: I, 530,u; II, 325,u; III, 335,u; IV, 480,u. Chaetotaxy typical for the subgenus. Gnathosoma. General facies as illustrated, relative lengths of setae as shown. Apotele 2-tined. Chelicerae chelate (Fig. 3C); movable digit with 2 teeth, fixed digit with 3-4 teeth plus pilus dentilis; dorsal seta as shown.

Type series consist of 4 females. Holotype data: Sebastian, Florida; 4-VI-1965; coll. M. H. Muma; from moist sand pine litter. Paratypes data: one specimen with same data as holotype; one specimen from Frostproof, Florida, 15-XII-1964, coll. M. H. Muma, from sand pine litter; remaining specimen collected in Florida at junction of highway 535-A, 21-IV-1963, by M. H. Muma from sand pine duff. Holotype USNM; one paratype CES; remaining paratypes UG.

Hypoaspis (Laelaspis) picketti n. sp. Fig. 4A-E

The female and male of this species are distinct in having simple needlelike dorsal setae with setae J5 about equal in length to Z5, and without reticulations on the dorsal plate. The female is unique in the absence of reticulations medially on the genito-ventral plate and the male in having a spermodactyl process over twice as long as the movable chela.

FEMALE. Dorsum. Fig. 4A. Covered by a single plate (648,u X 442,t- average of 5 specimens); plate without reticulations; dorsal plate with 39 pairs of simple needlelike setae plus 3 unpaired setae between J rows; seta Ji up to 70,u long, J5 about equal in length to Z5; a deep porelike pit medial of each Zl seta. Venter. Fig. 4B. Without separate pre- endopodal plates. Sternal plate (140, X 125,) not heavily reticulated, pattern as illustrated; bearing 2 pairs of pores and 3 pairs of simple setae. Metasternal seta arising from above narrow endopodal plate. Genito-ventral plate (338,u X 233,u) bearing genital and Zvl setae; with distinct lateral reticulations, but without the normal median V-shaped reticulations typical for this subgenus. Metapodal plate elongate. Anal




plate (88,A X 109,u) without reticulations; post-anal seta longer than, but of same type as para-anal setae. Peritremal plate thick, extending medially for entire length of peritreme. Exopodal plate rounded posterolaterally of coxa IV, extending anteriorly to level of coxa II. Opisthogastric setae needlelike; setal base with small knoblike extension in integument.

K~~~~~~~~

A

D

Fig. 4. Hypoaspis (Laelaspis) picketti n. sp. Female: A, dorsum; B, venter; C, chelicera. Male: D, venter; E, chelicera.




Legs. Chaetotaxy typical for subgenus. All tarsi with claws and caruncle. Setae simple. Lengths: I, 945,; II, 577,u; III, 560,; IV, 858,u. Gnath- osoma. Deutosternal groove with 6 rows of teeth, of general facies as shown in Fig. 2D. Internal mali fringed medially. Apotele 2-tined. Chelicera chelate (Fig. 4C), well sclerotized, digits of equal length; fixed digit with two teeth, movable digit with 4 teeth and setiform pilus dentilis. Dorsal seta and arthrodial process present.

MALE. Smaller than female; shape similar to that of female. Dorsum. Dorsal plate (515,u X 365,k-average of 2 specimens) covering all of dorsum; without reticulations; chaetotaxy as in female. Venter. Fig. 4D. Holoventral plate 350,u long, 105,u at level of st2 and 240,u posterior of coxae IV; bearing 10 pairs of needlelike setae plus 3 anal setae; reticulations indistinct medially between coxae II and III, coxae IV and anterior of anal opening; pattern as shown. Exopodal plate divided at level of coxae III. Peritremal plate as in female. Opisthogastric setae needlelike, relative lengths and positions as shown. Legs. Leg II not modified; all legs similar to those of female. Lengths: I, 770k; II, 475,u; III, 460u; IV, 665,u. Gnathosoma. General facies as in female. Chelicera sclerotized, chelate (Fig. 4E); fixed digit edentate, movable digit with 2 subterminal teeth; spermodactyl curving over fixed digit, over twice length of movable digit; grooved along entire length anterior to digit.

Type series consisting of 9 females and 2 males all collected by M. H. Muma from Florida. Holotype (female) data: Malabar, Florida; 13-VII- 1960; M. H. Muma, coll.; from citrus litter. Paratypes data: 4 females and 1 male same data as holotype; 3 females from St. Cloud, Florida, 4-II-1965, from dry sand pine litter; one male from Frostproof, Florida, 7-VI-1963, from sand pine litter. Holotype, 2 female and male paratypes USNM: 3 female paratypes CES; remaining paratypes UG.

LITERATURE CITED

Evans, G. O., and W. M. Till. 1966. Studies on the British Dermanyssidae (Acari: Mesostigmata). Part II Classification. Bull. Brit. Mus. (Natur. Hist.) Zool. 14:109-370.

Hunter, Preston E. 1961. The genus Laelaspis, with descriptions of three new species. (Acarina: Laelaptidae). Ann. Entomol. Soc. Amer. 54:672-683.

Hunter, Preston E. 1964. Three new species of Laelaspis from North America. (Acarina: Laelaptidae). J. Kan. Entomol. Soc. 37:293- 301.

Hunter, Preston E. and R. Davis. 1962. Two new species of Laelaspis mites. (Acarina: Laelaptidae). Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. 64: 247-252.

The Florida Entomologist 51(2) 1968



hypoaspis (laelaspis) mites from north america and mexico (acarina: dermanyssidae; laelapinae)

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