hypo thymost common diseases of 50 plus – thyroid disease – hypothyroidism : preventions,...

8/10/2019 Hypo ThyMost common diseases of 50 plus – Thyroid Disease – Hypothyroidism : Preventions, Managements and…

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Most common diseases of 50 plus – Thyroid Diseases I –

Hypothyroidism: Preventions, Managements and

Treatments

y !yle "# $orton

Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research

papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health,

ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the

karate G dail!, etc.,.

"a#ed $O% &0 ()*+- (/ O $*$ 2 3$HO $O

() b! )isilgold.co# "a#ed &0 of the best health $weeters +anada 4

Huffington %ost

"o#inated for short! award over last 5 !earso#e articles have been used as references in #edical research, such as

international 6ournal %har#a and io science, *" 078&49:77.

Thyroid disease

$h!roid disease is defined as a condition of #alfunction of

th!roid gland

Thyroid disease: Hypothyroidism

Hypothyroidism is a condition in which the th!roid gland is under active produced ver! little th!roid hor#ones.

%# &ymptoms

!#pto#s of the H!poth!roidis# is depended to the severe stage of the

disease, due to its progression slowl! over !ears. ost co##on s!#pto#s

include

'# (eight gain and fatigue

H!perth!roidis# is associated to weight gain, especiall! in patients with co4

eistence of diabetes<1=.$he co#parable stud! of patients with th!roid carcino#a <)$+= and 1>?

with autoi##une h!poth!roidis# <*H=, also indicated a significantl!

higher levels of fatigue in h!poth!roidis# patients<1b=. tatistics of stud!

of 17? consecutive breast cancer patients receiving ad6uvant che#otherap!,

::.:@ of this patient population showed a significant and progressive

weight gain of 9.8 lbs, and 75@ of all patients with reported fatigue



caused c!totoic agents influence h!poth!roidis# in breast cancer

patients<1a=.

)# *itiligo and alopecia areata

Aitiligo is associated with autoi##une endocrine disorders, especiall! with

h!poth!roidis#<:=. %ri#ar! h!poth!roidis# patients is at increased risk to

develop vitiligo, depig#entation of parts of the skin and hair lost fro# so#e

or all areas of the bod!, especiall! in the scalp<:a=

+# hronic constipation-+a.

H!poth!roidis# #a! induce the pathogenesis of constipation, according to

the stud! b! the 3niversit! of +alifornia at -os ngele<>=.

/# rticaria and puffiness of hands and feet, yello1 ivory s2in, coarse

rough dry s2inH!poth!roid wo#en showed a significantl! higher freBuenc! of urticaria

and puffiness of hands and feet, !ellow ivor! skin, coarse rough dr! skin<5=.

5# Depression

%atients with h!poth!roidis# have a higher occurrence of depressive

s!ndro#e, caused b! alterations in blood flow and glucose #etabolis# in

the brain<&=.

3# Mood and motor learning

Oral ad#inistration of usual dose l4$<5= <euth!roid ar#= vs. higher dose l4

$<5= <subclinical th!rotoicosis ar#= , showed to i#prove confusion, #ood

and #otor learning in patients with h!poth!roidis#<9=.

# 4is2 actors and auses

#'# 4is2 factors

'# amily history

$he risk of progression to overt h!poth!roidis# is related to nu#ber of

factors including, fa#il! histor!<11a=. a#il! #e#bers of patients with

autoi##une th!roid disorder<*$)= are at increased risk for *$), but notall will develop overt h!poth!roidis# or h!perth!roidis#, according to the

stud! b! the cade#ic edical +enter, "etherlands<11=.

)# &mo2ing

#oking is a powerful risk factor for th!roid disease, especiall! in

populations with a high s#oking freBuenc!, according to the stud! b! the



stud! b! the +olu#bia 3niversit! edical +enter<?=.

>. Pituitary disorder

%ituitar! disorders, is associated to reduce or increase secretion of hor#ones,

affected growth and the functions of other glands in the bod!. nor#al $H

does not eclude central h!poth!roidis#, but pituitar! disease, with

potential for deficienc! of other anterior pituitar! hor#ones, #a! contribute

to correctl! diagnosed h!poth!roidis#<7=.

5. Pregnancy

Co#en with $H values at or above the 78.&th percentile for gestational

age with free th!roine #ore than 0.9?0 ngd- at the ti#e screening and

were retrospectivel! identified with subclinical h!poth!roidis#, according

to 3niversit! of $eas outhwestern edical +enter<10=.

)# Iodine deficiency

*odine is a ke! ele#ent in the s!nthesis of th!roid hor#ones, severe iodine

deficienc! is associated to risks of h!poth!roidis#, goiter, and cretinis# due

to bioche#ical alterations, according to Aerheesen H and chweitzer

+<11=.

# omplications

'# oronary heart disease and mortality

ubclinical h!poth!roidis# is associated with an increased risk of the

develop#ent of coronar! heart disease <+H)=. +H) #ortalit! is higher in

patients with diagnosed elevated $H levels, particularl! in those $H

concentration of 10 #*3- or greater<17=.

)# Pre8eclampsia, perinatal mortality, and miscarriage

$h!roid d!sfunction interferes with wo#en reproductive ph!siolog!,

reduces the likelihood of pregnanc! and adversel! affects pregnanc!

outco#e. ccording to the stud! b! the G edical +ollege, pregnant

wo#en with subclinical h!poth!roidis# has an increased risk of

co#plications, especiall! pre4ecla#psia, perinatal #ortalit!, and#iscarriage<:1=.

+# 9vulatory dysfunction, pregnancy loss

ubclinical h!poth!roidis# #a! be associated with ovulator! d!sfunction

and adverse pregnanc! outco#e<::=.



/# Increased susceptiility to inflammatory diseases

H!poth!roidis# during gestation can influence the outco#e of a +"

infla##ator! disease, such as ((, according to the stud! b! the

3niversidad ndres ello, +iencias iologicas<:>=.

5# %uditory function

*odine deficienc! #a! contribute auditor! function <deaf and hard of

hearing= in process infor#ation. Hearing deficit, an invisible abnor#alit!,

has #a6or conseBuences for educational and social skills if not detected,

according to the stud! b! the Cageningen 3niversit!, Cageningen<:5=.

3# Hearing loss

Hearing loss contribute a significant proble#, in adult patients with severe

chronic h!poth!roidis#<:&=.

D# Diseases associated to hypothyroidism

'# &ystemic &clerosis

!ste#ic sclerosis <c= is a connective tissue disease of unknown etiolog!,

and several studies reported its association with th!roid autoi##une

disorders, including h!poth!roidis# and th!roid d!sfunction<:9=.

)# 9steoarthritis and firomyalgia

$h!roid d!sfunction is seen at least three ti#es #ore often in wo#en with

than in wo#en with si#ilar de#ographic features with non4

infla##ator! rheu#atic diseases such as osteoarthritis and

fibro#!algia<:8=.

+# Type ' diaetes mellitus -T'DM.

?@ of patients with $1) had h!poth!roidis#, according to the data

presented to depart#ent of (ndocrinolog! fro# a! 1778 to )ece#ber

:011<:?=.

/# %drenal insufficiency

ccording to stud!, long4ter# h!poth!roidis# is associated with adrenalinsufficienc! with abnor#alities of h!pothala#icpituitar!adrenal<H%=

ais. hort4ter# h!poth!roidis#, on the other hand, is associated with

increased pituitar! corticotropic cells responsiveness to corticotropin4

releasing hor#one <+H= produced b! the h!pothala#us<:7=.

5# Hyponatremia



H!poth!roidis# is associated to ?@ of patients with

h!ponatre#ia. H!ponatre#ia in h!poth!roidis# is due to a pure renal

#echanis#, and cannot be ascribed to inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic

hor#one<>0= and severe pri#ar! h!poth!roidis# alone #a! not be enough

to cause h!ponatre#ia in the otherwise health! individuals<>0a=.

3# Hashimoto;s Thyroiditis

Hashi#otoFs th!roiditis is the #ost co##on cause of h!poth!roidis# as a

result of an autoi##une disease.

7# &olitary to<ic thyroid nodules

$reat#ent of patients with solitar! toic th!roid adeno#as with 1>1* <#ean

dose, 10.> #+i= showed a possibilit! in contribution to to late recurrent

h!perth!roidis# in patients at 5.&, 9, and 10 !ears after treat#ent<>1=.

=# 4hadomyolysis

lthough it is rare, rhabdo#!ol!s, which is da#aged skeletal #uscle tissue

breaks down rapidl!, can be associated to h!poth!roidis#, according to the

stud! b! the elcuk 3niversit!<>:=.

># Thyroid cancer

$h!roid hor#one withdrawal #a! induce acute h!poth!roidis# in patients

with differentiated th!roid cancer and can i#pair Bualit! of life, according to

the stud! b! the 3niversit! of thens<>>=.

'0# 4estless leg syndrome

estless leg s!ndro#e #a! be a result of #oderate h!poth!roidis#<>5=.

''# My<edema coma

!ede#a co#a, a state of deco#pensated h!poth!roidis#, is the

etre#e process of h!poth!roidis#, t!picall! seen in patients with severe

bioche#ical h!poth!roidis#,, according to the stud! b! the %rince +harles

Hospital<>&=.

')# Tarsal Tunnel &yndrome

$arsal tunnel s!ndro#e, a co#pression neuropath! and painful foot

condition is associated to h!poth!roidis#, according to the stud! b! the

tkinson orle!Fs Hospital, Ci#bledon<>9=.

'+# arpal Tunnel &yndrome



$reat#ent with radioactive iodine #a! induce h!poth!roidis# causes of

developed s!#pto#s of bilateral carpal tunnel s!ndro#e<>8=.

'/# atty liver

ubclinical h!poth!roidis# #a! contribute to the develop#ent of non4

alcoholic fatt! liver disease<>?= as a result of i#paired liver enz!#e levels,

according to a cross4sectional stud! fro# Iorean researchers<>?a=.

'5# &leep apnea and sleep disorders

+entral, obstructive, and #ied patterns of sleep apnea and sleep

disorder are co##onl! observed in h!poth!roidis#, according to the stud!

b! the edical +ollege of Georgia<>7=.

?# Misdiagnosis

'# $ormal aging process diagnosis of h!poth!roidis# in the elderl! can easil! be overlooked,

easil! #isdiagnosis due to the signs and s!#pto#s of the disease are

co##on to other diseases t!pical of old age<50=.

)# 4eversal deterioration of renal function

geing with the deterioration of renal function #a! dela! the diagnosis of

h!poth!roidis#, according to the stud! b! the ilitar! edical cade#!,

+linic of (ndocrinolog!<51=.

+# 4espiratory failure

H!poth!roid #a! dela! correct diagnosis, due to uneplained respirator!

failure in effects of lower than nor#al th!roid hor#one secretion, according

to the stud! b! the ervicio de edicina del Hospital<5:=.

/# rain stem infarct

$he diagnosis of #!ede#a co#a with longstanding low level of th!roid

hor#one in the blood was often #issed or dela!ed due to various clinical

findings and conco#itant #edical conditions and precipitating factors,

especiall! for patients with no #edical histor! of h!poth!roidis#, accordingto the stud! b! the Hall!# 3niversit!<5>=.

5# &tatin intolerance

H!poth!roidis# #a! be #isdiagnosed as statin intolerance, according to

the stud! b! Irieger (A, and Inopp H<55=.



3# Hypercholesterolaemia

Cith no #easure#ent of the concentration of th!roid4sti#ulating hor#one

and free h!poth!roidis# #a! be #isdiagnosed as

h!percholesterolae#ia, th!roine<5&=.

# Diagnosis

*f !ou are eperience certain s!#pto#s of above andor have had previous

th!roid proble#s or goiter, !our doctor #a! suspect that !ou have

underactive th!roid. lood test to #easure the level of $H and the level of

the th!roid hor#one th!roine and triiodoth!ronine, depending to the stage

of the diseases, are necessar!<59=.

@# Prevention

@#'# Diet to prevent Hypothyroidism

'# &ea1eed, 2elp or laver, seafood and sea1ater fishdeBuate consu#ption of eaweed, kelp or laver, seafood and seawater fish

#a! reduce risk for the develop#ent of h!poth!roidis#. ccording to a

stud!, population inHong Iong, a coastal cit! in the southern part of

+hina showed a high incidence of transient neonatal h!poth!roidis# and a

relativel! high #ean cord blood th!rotropin <$H= concentration<58=.

)# IodiAed salt

egular consu#ption of iodized salt #a! reduce risk of h!poth!roidis# and

enhance urine iodine concentration in iodine sufficienc! areas<5?=.

+# &ea1eed

*ntake of seaweed regularl! is associated to reduce risk of h!poth!roidis#

through its function in increased *+ concentrations <% J .0001= and seru#

$H concentrations<57=.

@#)# %ntio<idants and phytochemicals to prevent Hypothyroidism

'# Iodine

Iodine, found aundantly in sea1eed has een in "apanese diet for

many centuries #a! induce a protective effect on h!poth!roidis# and i#prove prognosis

of th!roid autoi##unit! <&0=.

)# 4esveratrol

esveratrol influences th!roid function b! enhancing iodide trapping and

increasing $H secretion<&1=.



+# Polyphenolic flavonoids

Green tea etract at :.& g@ and &.0 g@ doses and black tea etract onl! at

&.0 g@ dose have the potential to alter the th!roid gland ph!siolog! and

architecture, through significant decrease in seru# $> and $5, and increase

seru# th!roid sti#ulating hor#one <$H=<&:=.

H# Treatments

H#'# In conventional medicine perspective

%atients with h!poth!roidis# are treated b! th!roid hor#one therap! with

doses depending to the stage and t!pes of the diseases

', Bevothyro<ine

$he #edication is a prohor#one activated b! deiodination<a peroidase

enz!#e involved in the activation or deactivation of th!roid hor#ones) in

the organs to triiodoth!ronine<$> th!roid hor#one= for treat#ent of overth!poth!roidis# with low $5 and elevated $H or $H K 10 #3-, and

subclinical h!poth!roidis# with a $H between 5 and 10 #3- and nor#al

$5, depend6ng on the underl!ing disease and s!#pto#s, according to the

stud! b! edizinische Ilinik *A der 3niversitEt Lnchen<&:a=.

)# &ynthetic thyro<ine

*n patients with pri#ar! h!poth!roidis#, standard therap! s!nthetic

th!roine showed effectivel! in increased triiodoth!ronine through

peripheral conversion<&:b=.

+# omination levothyro<ine plus liothyronine

+o#bination levoth!roine plus lioth!ronine produces sa#e effect as of

s!nthetic th!roine with no beneficial changes in bod! weight, seru# lipid

levels, h!poth!roid s!#pto#s, according to 3niversit! +ollege )ublin<&>=

<&5=.

H#)# In Heral medicine perspective

'# ?chinacea

a# Immune modulator(thanolic etract of fresh (chinacea purpurea eerts its i##une #odulator

activit! in regulation of cell signalling for i##une responses against

threads, depending to eogenous sti#uli, viral infection and eposure to

stress<&&=.

# %n<iety



o#e etracts fro# (chinacea preparations shoed effectivel! in decreased

aniet!, depending to doses #anner<&9=.

)# %sh1agandha

shwagandha, also known as Cithania so#nifera, a *ndian ginseng, used in

!urvedic #edicine over >000 !ears to treat tu#ors and tubercular glands,

carbuncles, #e#or! loss and ulcers and considered as anti4stress, cognition4

facilitating, anti4infla##ator! and anti4aging, is a nightshape plant in the

genus of Cithania, belonging to the fa#il! olanaceae, native to the dr!

parts of *ndia, "orth frica, iddle (ast, and the editerranean.

shwagandha enhanced i##une function b! increasing i##unoglobulin

production and regulating antibod! production through cell signalling,

according to the studd<&8=.

+# ucus vesiculosusucus vesiculosus, also known as ladderwrack, has been used etensivel!

to treat goitre, swelling of the th!roid gland related to iodine deficienc! and

th!roid disorders including underactive th!roid <#!ede#a=, over4sized

th!roid gland, according to the stud! b! 3nidad de alud ental Hospital de

-aredois, is a source of iodine, discovered in 1?11<&8a=.

/# !elp

Ielp, containing high a#ount of iodine, showed to eert its protective effect

on h!poth!roidis# through i#prove#ent of the prognosis of th!roid

autoi##unit!<&0=, but ecessive intake of iodine4rich seaweed <kelp= #a!

induce h!poth!roidis# and chronic th!roiditis, according to the stud! of

Mapanese stud!<&?=.

H#+# In traditional hinese medicine perspective

'# Cang tonifying hers

$h!roidecto#ized rabbits treated b! the /ang tonif!ing herbs showed to

increase seru# levels of th!roine <$5= and triiodoth!ronine <$>=, according

to the stud! b! the )epart#ent of edicine, 3niversit! of Cestern

ustralia, in a rando#l! stud!<&7=.

)# a6i iugao

a6i Dibugao <MDG=, a #edicinal plaster #ainl! consisting of adi

orindae Officinalis=, showed to #aintain the levels of th!roine <$5=,

triiodoth!ronine <$>= on total th!roidecto#ized rabbits<90=.



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hypo thymost common diseases of 50 plus – thyroid disease – hypothyroidism : preventions,...

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