hydrotreated vegetable oil challenge feedstock neue...
TRANSCRIPT
Hydrotreated Vegetable Oil
Challenge Feedstock
Neue Rohstoffe und Anwendungen
ICSAT Ingolstadt
25.-27.9.2013
2
Contents
• 1 NExBTL process and performance
• 2 Applications and Field Tests – New Challenges
• 3 Renewable Feedstocks for Chemistry Beyond Fuels
• Challenge Biomass
3
NExBTL & FAME Process
FAME unitFeeds in:
Vegetable Oil
and Waste Fat
Products out:
FAME biodiesel
Glycerol
NExBTL-Unit
Hydrogen
Methanol
Products out:
Bio fuel gas
Biogasoline component
NExBTL Diesel
SAME
FEEDSTOCK
DIFFERENT
PRODUCTS
4
HVO is a high quality bio-based hydrocarbon
Technology
Esteröinti
Esteri -
biodiesel
Biodiesel
FAME / RME
NExBTL
renewable
diesel
Fischer-Tropsch
Feedstock
End product
BiomassaKasviöljyt
&
Eläinrasvat
Kaasutus &
Fischer-
TropschVetykäsittel
y
Vegetable oils &
animal fats
(mainly
rapeseed oil)
Esterification
Ester-based
biodiesel
O
II
H3C-O-C-R
Vegetable oils &
animal fats
Hydrogenation
Bio-based
hydrocarbon
CnH2n+2
Biomass
Gasification &
Fischer-Tropsch
Bio-based
hydrocarbon
CnH2n+2
Mineral Oil
Refining
Hydrocarbon
CnH2n+2
CnH2n
CnHn
Fossil diesel
5
Distillation curves
150
200
250
300
350
400
0 20 40 60 80 100
Recovered (%)
Te
mp
era
ture
(°C
)
NExBTL EN590 SwCl1 FAME
C16
C20
150
200
250
300
350
400
0 20 40 60 80 100
Recovered (%)
Te
mp
era
ture
(°C
)
NExBTL EN590 SwCl1 FAME
C16
C20
6
Carbon distribution
Carbon chain lenght
-5
0
5
10
15
20
25
5 10 15 20 25
Carbon number
%
iso-paraf.
n-paraf.
iso-paraf 2
n-paraf. 2
7
HVO - diesel
• Next step from traditional Biodiesel
• Improved Technology and Product
• Pure Hydrocarbon, fully compatible with Mineral Diesel
• No compromises on Fuel Quality or Vehicle Performance
• In Commercial Production
8
75-99
-5...-30
44
34
780
0
180 - 320
HVO - Superior Quality
Fuel Properties EN590 HVO
Typical values diesel fuel
Cetane number
Cloud point (°C)
Heating value (lower) (MJ/kg)
Heating value (lower) (MJ/l)
Density at +15 °C (kg/m3)
Sulfur content (mg/kg)
Distillation range °C
53
0 - -12
43
36
835
< 10
180-360
HVO Applications
Experience from fleet test
1010
HVO significantly reduces greenhouse gas
and tailpipe emissions
50 million kilometers covered in the world’s largest biofuel trial (Helsinki 2007-2010)
HVO contributes to a significant reduction in exhaust emissions:
• Nitrogen oxide (NOx)
10% reduction
• Particulates (PM)
30% reduction
• Greenhouse gases
(LCA-GHG)
>50% reduction
11
Mercedes-Benz is confident about NExBTL diesel
• Significant reduction of emission
• NOx decrease up to 15 %
• GHG reduction over 60 %
• After one year field testing:
• 1.000.000 km @ no issues
• Engine wear to be monitored
• Regular vehicle service intervals
• Summer and winter vehicle operation
• Totally 3.3 million kilometers will be driven
and more than 2 000 tons of CO2 will be
saved
”The results from the first year of testing show that the fuel works perfectly in Mercedes-Benz trucks and busses and is tolerated very well by the engines”.
Dr. Schuckert, Daimler AG.
12
Project burnFAIR : Facts
Duration: 15th July – 27th December 2011,
8 flights/day
Route: Hamburg – Frankfurt – Hamburg
(1h flight time)
Aircraft: Airbus A321
Biofuel quantity: 800 tons
Biofuel ratio: 50% in one engine
Total cost: 8.4m USD
Emission savings: approx. – 1,500 tons CO2
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Research of engine performance:One engine to operate with 50% blend of HVO kerosene
First truck supplies bioblend to the starboard wing tank
Second truck supplies conventional JET A-1 to the backboard wing tank
No major changes in normal cockpit procedures
“Bio-Engine” shows expected data and operates normal
Use in the aircraft – The „Drop In“ Concept
14
Bottom line
On December 27th 2011, the aircraft D-AIDG completed its last flight with biofuel
Total number of flights: 1187
Biofuel blend [volume in tons]: 1557
Emission saving [CO2 in t]: 1471
First Results of the Project Aviation Biofuel
15
Neste Green –diesel launched to market
• Sold to private customers since May 2008 through service station network
• High bio content, over 10 %
• Compatible with all diesel engines and fulfills EN590 standard
• No changes in logistics
• No reported issues even in winter
• Lower tailpipe emission and GHG
• Now even “Green 100” in use
16
Whats possible today?
• Mixture of HVO and
Biodiesel
• Has been tested
succesfully in car fleet
• 100% bio is possible in
modern engine
concepts and
backwards compatible
• Possible strategy for
higher bio blends
17
Whats possible today?
R 33
• Mixture of 33% bio components and 67%
fossile fuel
• Within EN 590
• possible in modern engine concepts and backwards
compatible
• Possible strategy for higher bio blends in existing fuel
logistics
Using non fossil diesel fuel (HVO) in a race car
Measurements of the emission behaviour of non fossil fuel compared with currently available diesel fuel
Further development of NExBTL based on gathered data of races
Verification of NexBTL (HVO) under reproducable racing conditions
19
Commercial HVO plants by size
1. Neste Oil Rotterdam 800.000 tons
2. Neste Oil Singapore 800.000 tons
3. Neste Oil Porvoo (2) 380.000 tons
4. Dynamic Fuels Geismar 220.000 tons
coming...
5. Valero-Darling Norco 400.000 tons
Source: Global Biofuels Center Capacity Database
21
3 4
20
HVO product family
RENEWABLE
DIESELRENEWABLE
KEROSENERENEWABLE
NAPHTHARENEWABLE
PROPANE
HVO Applications
Chemical Feed Stock
NExBTL product family – 100% bio-based
22
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Renewable Fuels
Flexible feedstock base: a
wide range of vegetable oils
and waste animal fats
Renewable
NExBTL diesel
Renewable
NExBTL
aviation fuel
Renewable
NExBTL
Naphtha
Renewable
Isoalkanes
Propane
paint
Renewable Naphtha typical
values
232
3
Naphtha NExBTL Neste crude naphtha
70%
Open spec
Density 0,67 g/ml 0,68 g/ml
Boiling range 47-122ºC 39-95ºC
Sulphur <2 mg/kg 238 mg/kg
Aromatics <<0,1 %v 1,5 %v
n-Paraffins 36,4 % 36 %
i-Paraffins 62,1 % 39 %
Lead <<5 µg/kg <25 µg/kg
Chlorine <<5 mg/kg <5 mg/kg
Arsenic <<1 µg/kg <5 mg/kg
Renewable Fuels
Renewable n-paraffinsBlend and Range on n-paraffins
• Mainly C15-C18
• BP range 270-316C
• MP range 10-28C
• Available after 2016
Potential applications
• Rubber & plastics
• Crop protection
• Additives
• Personal care & Pharma
242
4
Renewable IsoalkanesEnvironmental and technical benefits
• Renewable
• Readily biodegradable (OECD 301b,
80% in 10 days)
• Low environmental risk
• BCF estimated 116
• Reduced carbon footprint
• Safe to use
• Low aromatics
• Low sulphur
• Low VOC-grade
• Certified & traceable feedstocks
• Colourless
• Odourless
• High purity
• Non-corrosive
• High chemical stability
• Low surface tension – superior wetting
• Compatible with most other organic oils
and packaging materials
Applications
Rubber, TPE additives & plasticizers
Specialty chemical additives, eg antifoams
Solvents in industrial applications, detergents, personal care
Paint, coatings, inks & adhesives
Oil & gas drilling fluids
Explosives
Lubricants & Metal working fluids
Release agents
30.05.13 262
6
Renewable Propane to Polymers
• Dehydrogenation to propylene
• Acrylonitrile
• Acrylates
• Propylene oxide eg for polyurethanes
• PP – EPDM
• Available after 2015
30.05.13 272
7
High purity lignin
• High-purity lignin from microbial oil production
• Binder & co-binder
• Temporary binder
• Reactive filler
• Available after 2016
• Source for
• isophthalic acid
• Vanillins
• BTX
30.05.13 282
8
Renewable Fuels
HVO Rawmaterials
Feed Stock FlexibilityThe fuel has constant high quality independent from
raw material used.
Currently used renewable raw materials
Palm oil, stearin,
palm fatty acid distillate
(PFAD)
Waste animal fat from
the food industryRapeseed oil
Soybean oil
Waste fat from fish
processing industry
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2
Social and Environmental
Responsibility :smallholders!Farmers growing oil palm, sometimes along with subsistence production
of other crops, where the family provides the majority of labour and the
farm provides the principal source of income, and where the planted
area of oil palm is usually below 50 hectares in size [Definition from:
RSPO Principles and Criteria for Sustainable Palm Oil Production –
October 2007]
Key differences with Big companies:
Factor Big Companies Smallholders
Average Size > 1000 Ha 2-3 Ha
Labour Contracted workers Family and some workers
Income Within corporations Too provide livelihood
Processing Own mill produce CPO FFB Sold to companies with mills
Land Ownership By government con-cessions
(limited time)
Own land, inherited or bought from
government/ third parties
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3
How can a buyer help?
Below is the typical supply chain
20.5.2013 343
4
What is Neste Oil doing now?
Scheme smallholders
We have assisted the certification of
9000 smallholder families in Riau
The smallholder group is managed by GAR
Currently this group is still supplying us ISCC certified CPO.
Independent smallholders
We are working closely with many stakeholders, including NGOs and
IGOs, to identify and help do an initial assessment on independent
smallholder projects
Currently we have completed social environment assessment for
two independent smallholder group candidates
We are close to an agreement with the stakeholders
20.5.2013 353
5
Summary
Smallholder is an ever-increasing
important player in the palm oil industry
Buyers should assist smallholders to
achieve sustainability and include them in
the supply chain
Independent smallholder projects are a
challenge, however it is achievable with
the help of all the stakeholders
Promising new crops
Camelina oil Jatropha oil
(Neste Oil also procures bio-based ethanol from the global market to be used as a
bio-component in 95 E10 and 98 E5 gasoline.)
Camelina oil
• Related to oilseed rape.
• Prospers in the northern temperate zone
(e.g. in the US, can be also be grown in
Finland.
• Oil yield less than 1 tons/hectare. Yield can
be increased by developing plant types.
• Effect on land use is low, because camelina can be cultivated as
rotational plant, for example with wheat.
• Can also be cultivated on fallow ground.
• Camelina’s seed extract (app. 70% of the crop) is excellent animal
feed.
Jatropha oil
• Perennial shrub or a tree, that produces fruit for
approx. 50 years.
• Main production areas: South America, Africa
and Southeast Asia.
• Can be grown on poor soil. Cultivation does not
threaten forested areas or cultivation of food
crops.
• Most jatropha plants are toxic and thus
unsuitable for human consumption.
• Oil yield approx. 1–2 tons per hectare.
Neste Oil’s criteria for new raw materials
• Applicability
• Availability for industrial scale production
• Economical perspectives
• Features of sustainable development
• Carbon footprint (greenhouse gas emission balance)
• Water footprint
• Nutrients
• Land use
Potential future raw materials
• Cooperation with over 20 research institutions around the world.
• 80% of Neste Oil’s R&D costs (~EUR 42 million in 2011) directed to researching renewable raw materials and the refining technologies.
• The first ever pilot plant in Europe to produce waste-based microbial oil is being built at Neste Oil’s Porvoo refinery in Finland.
Microbial oil Algae oil Biowax from forest
harvesting waste
Waste- and residue-based microbial oil
– a raw material for NExBTL renewable
diesel
BIOMASS &
FRACTIONATION
Residues from agriculture
(e.g. straw) and the pulp
and paper industry
(wood-based biomass)
are fractionated into
sugars
CULTIVATION AND
OIL RECOVERY
Microbes convert the
sugars contained in waste
and residues into
microbial oil in a
bioreactor and the oil is
recovered
NExBTL
PROCESS
Microbial oil is then
refined into fuel using
Neste Oil’s NExBTL
process
PRODUCT
Premium-quality NExBTL
renewable diesel or
aviation fuel
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1
Microbial Oil Technology
Neste Oil’s developing technology for conversion of waste and residue materials
to oil by microorganisms – several patents
Specific fungi used that accumulate up to 80 % of oil from cell dry weight on waste
and residue materials Microbes are cultivated in traditional bioreactors used in
biotechnology industry
High oil productivity: “Production cycle” within a couple of days
High cell density: Easy to harvest
424
2
Oil-rich fungal cells, the
white spots inside cells is oil
(> 50% oil from cell weight)
Raw materials for microbial
oil productionOil producing microorganisms are very versatile in using raw materials
Both hexose (C6) and pentose (C5) sugars used equally efficiently
Other raw materials than sugars, e.g. glycerineVarious agricultural and industrial wastes and residues suitable:
Lignocellulosic materials
Agricultural residues
Pulp and paper industry residues
Hemicellulose streams
Other industrial organic residues
Glycerine residue from FAME-biodiesel production
Municipal organic wastes
Sugars from cereals and sugar cane/beet
434
3
Microbial oil pilot plant
• Europe’s first microbial oil pilot plant using wastes and residues
• First phase of construction has been completed
• Enabling the cultivation of oil-producing microorganisms
From lab scale
to piloting
444
4
454
5
Advantages of microbial oil
Various waste and residue materials can be utilized
Efficient conversion of lignocellulosic materials to oil for biofuels
Potential for integrating into industrial processes (biorefinery)
Oil very suitable for conversion into paraffinic fuels
Production of animal feed along with biofuel (residual biomass)
High GHG reduction when wastes or residues (lignocellulosics) are used as raw materials
Microalgae oil
● There are tens of thousands of different algae species.
Most species produce remarkable amounts of
intracellular lipids.
● Microalgae grow wherever water and light is available,
also in seawater and land areas unsuitable for cultivation.
● Oil production potential is may times higher than that of
current oil plants.
● Microalgae is not yet grown at an industrial scale for
biofuel production.
● Neste Oil is involved in two research projects in the
Netherlands and Australia to build up experience on the
suitability of different types of algae for use in an
industrial-scale production under a variety of conditions.
refining the future