PRESENTATION ON

HYDROLYSIS AND ITS REACTIONS ASSIGNED BY MAM MISBAH SULTANA

GROUP MEMBERS

NAMES : ROLL NOS:

1- Dr.ZOHAIB ISHFAQ D14M 1442- Dr.ZORAIZ HAIDER D14M 1273- Dr.SHERYAR KHA N D14M 1454- Dr.AHMAD NAWAZ D14M 148

CONTEXT

1- HYDROLYSIS DEFINITION2-MECHANISM OF HYDROLYSIS3-REACTION OF HYDROLYSIS4-USES OF H YDROLYSIS

HYDROLYSISDefination:The reaction of water with another chemical

compound to form two or more products, involving ionization of the water molecule and usually splitting the

other compound. Examples: include the catalytic conversion of starch to

glucose, saponification, and the formation of acids or bases from dissolved ions.

Hydrolysis literally means reaction with water.

It is a chemical process in which a molecule is cleaved into two parts by the addition of a molecule of water.

One fragment of the parent molecule gains a hydrogen ion (H + ) from the additional water molecule. The other group collects the remaining hydroxyl group (OH − ).

MECHANISM OF HYDROLYSIS

DIFFERENT REACTIONS OF HYDROLYSIS

HYDROLYSIS OF IMINES

IONIC HYDROLYSIS REACTIONS

2. Hydrolysis of an anion (A-)

◦ b) A- + H2O HA + OH-

2. Hydrolysis of a cation (C+)

◦ a) C+ + H2O COH + H+

HYDROLYSIS OF IONS

HYDROLYSIS OF NaCL

HYDROLYSIS OF

CARBOHYDRATES

HYDROLYSIS OF SUCROSE

HYDROLYSIS OF MALTOSE

HYDROLYSIS OF POLY SACCHARIDES

Hydrolysis of starch

HYSROLYSIS OF CELLULOSE

AMIDE HYDROLYSIS

HYDROLYSIS OF ACID HALIDE

HYDROLYSIS OF ESTER

HYDROLYSIS OF ACTYL SALICYLIC ACID

HYDROLYSIS OF NITRILES

CARBOXYLIC ACID HYDROLYSIS

HYDROLYSIS OF PROTEIN

USES OF HYDROLYSIS

In nature, living organisms are only able to live by processing fuel to make energy. The energy that is converted from food, is stored into ATP molecules (Adenosine Triphosphate).ATP hydrolysis gives energy to body.

ATP HYDROLYSIS EVOLVES ENERGY

HYDROLYSIS OF ATP

1-Adding water to ester, a compound used in everything from explosives to polyester flooring and perfumes, results in the ester turning into carboxylic acid and alcohol due to the process of hydrolysis.2-Hydrolysis of cellulose, an organic compound used to make all sorts of things from paper to biofuels.3-Epoxide is a chemical compound that can be used to make epoxies (for example, adhesives and various types of resins). When hydrolysis is applied to this compound, the chemical bonds weaken to produce diol, a compound containing two hydroxyl groups. Among the commonest diols in nature are sugars and cellulose.

4-The digestion of food is an example of hydrolysis, as water helps to break down the compounds one has eaten.5-Soap is one product created by hydrolysis called

saponification.

6-Hydrolysis can result in the synthesis of helpful chemicals. Sulfonylureas and oganophosphate esters can be hydrolyzed into certain types of insect killers and pesticides.7-Hydrolysis of carbamates, which are widely used by manufacturers to make products such as polyurethanes and certain types of insecticides