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Topography, and Topography, and Soils Soils of of Lower Suwannee Lower Suwannee River Floodplain River Floodplain Forests Forests and and Ecological Ecological Consequences of Consequences of Potential Flow Potential Flow Reductions Reductions Helen Light U.S. Geological Survey

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Gulf of Mexico A t l a n t i c O c e a n S u w a n n e e F e R i v e r S a t n a W i t h l a c o o c h e e R i v e r A l a p h a a R i v e r R i v e r Study Area NN Riverine LowerTidal UpperTidal

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Page 1: Hydrology, Topography, and Soils of Lower Suwannee River Floodplain Forests and Ecological Consequences of Potential Flow Reductions Helen Light U.S. Geological

Hydrology, Hydrology, Topography, and SoilsTopography, and Soils

of of Lower Suwannee River Lower Suwannee River

Floodplain Forests Floodplain Forests andand

Ecological Consequences of Ecological Consequences of Potential Flow ReductionsPotential Flow Reductions

Helen LightU.S. Geological Survey

Page 2: Hydrology, Topography, and Soils of Lower Suwannee River Floodplain Forests and Ecological Consequences of Potential Flow Reductions Helen Light U.S. Geological

Gulfof

Mexico

Atla

nti

c O

ce

an

Suw

anne

e

FeRiver

Satn a

Withlacoochee

River

Al

apha

aRiver

River

Study AreaN

Page 3: Hydrology, Topography, and Soils of Lower Suwannee River Floodplain Forests and Ecological Consequences of Potential Flow Reductions Helen Light U.S. Geological

Gulfof

Mexico

Atla

nti

c O

ce

an

Suw

anne

e

FeRiver

Satn a

Withlacoochee

River

Al

apha

aRiver

River

Study AreaNN

RiverinRiverinee

LowerLowerTidalTidal

UpperUpperTidalTidal

Page 4: Hydrology, Topography, and Soils of Lower Suwannee River Floodplain Forests and Ecological Consequences of Potential Flow Reductions Helen Light U.S. Geological

Goals

N

RiverinRiverinee

LowerLowerTidalTidal

UpperUpperTidalTidal

RIVER HYDROLOGY

FLOODPLAIN HYDROLOGY

FORESTCOMPOSITION

FLOW-DEPENDENTFACTORS

IMPACTS OF FLOWREDUCTIONS

FORESTDISTRIBUTION

TOPOGRAPHY SOILS

Page 5: Hydrology, Topography, and Soils of Lower Suwannee River Floodplain Forests and Ecological Consequences of Potential Flow Reductions Helen Light U.S. Geological

HydrologyN

RiverinRiverinee

LowerLowerTidalTidal

UpperUpperTidalTidal

Topography

Soils

Page 6: Hydrology, Topography, and Soils of Lower Suwannee River Floodplain Forests and Ecological Consequences of Potential Flow Reductions Helen Light U.S. Geological

TopographyN

RiverinRiverinee

LowerLowerTidalTidal

UpperUpperTidalTidal

Range 11 feet Levees & ridges prominent

Range 3 feet Levees minor or absent

Hummocks commonTidal creeks common

Page 7: Hydrology, Topography, and Soils of Lower Suwannee River Floodplain Forests and Ecological Consequences of Potential Flow Reductions Helen Light U.S. Geological

SoilsN

RiverinRiverinee

LowerLowerTidalTidal

UpperUpperTidalTidal

Mineral soils

Saturated muck

Saturated muckSaline

Page 8: Hydrology, Topography, and Soils of Lower Suwannee River Floodplain Forests and Ecological Consequences of Potential Flow Reductions Helen Light U.S. Geological

Floodplain InundationN

RiverinRiverinee

LowerLowerTidalTidal

UpperUpperTidalTidal

Page 9: Hydrology, Topography, and Soils of Lower Suwannee River Floodplain Forests and Ecological Consequences of Potential Flow Reductions Helen Light U.S. Geological

Floodplain InundationN

RiverinRiverinee

LowerLowerTidalTidal

UpperUpperTidalTidal

Flow dependent at all flows

Flow dependent at high flows

Little or no relation to flow

Page 10: Hydrology, Topography, and Soils of Lower Suwannee River Floodplain Forests and Ecological Consequences of Potential Flow Reductions Helen Light U.S. Geological

Goals

N

RiverinRiverinee

LowerLowerTidalTidal

UpperUpperTidalTidal

RIVER HYDROLOGY

FLOODPLAIN HYDROLOGY

FORESTCOMPOSITION

FLOW-DEPENDENTFACTORS

IMPACTS OF FLOWREDUCTIONS

FORESTDISTRIBUTION

TOPOGRAPHY SOILS

Page 11: Hydrology, Topography, and Soils of Lower Suwannee River Floodplain Forests and Ecological Consequences of Potential Flow Reductions Helen Light U.S. Geological

Flow Dependent FactorsN

RiverinRiverinee

LowerLowerTidalTidal

UpperUpperTidalTidal

Flood depthsInundationSaturation

Flood depthsInundation

Salinity

Page 12: Hydrology, Topography, and Soils of Lower Suwannee River Floodplain Forests and Ecological Consequences of Potential Flow Reductions Helen Light U.S. Geological

Flood depths affects composition by limiting seedling survival

Page 13: Hydrology, Topography, and Soils of Lower Suwannee River Floodplain Forests and Ecological Consequences of Potential Flow Reductions Helen Light U.S. Geological

Floodplain Cross Section

High water

Page 14: Hydrology, Topography, and Soils of Lower Suwannee River Floodplain Forests and Ecological Consequences of Potential Flow Reductions Helen Light U.S. Geological

Aquatic habitat in floodplain is flow dependent

Page 15: Hydrology, Topography, and Soils of Lower Suwannee River Floodplain Forests and Ecological Consequences of Potential Flow Reductions Helen Light U.S. Geological

Inundated Area in Relation to Flow (Riverine)

0

2,000

4,000

6,000

8,000

10,000

12,000

14,000

0 5,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 25,000 30,000

FLOW, IN CFS

INU

ND

ATE

D A

REA

, IN

AC

RES

Page 16: Hydrology, Topography, and Soils of Lower Suwannee River Floodplain Forests and Ecological Consequences of Potential Flow Reductions Helen Light U.S. Geological

Loss of Forests at Tree Line

OPEN WATERMARSHESSWAMP

HAMMOCKAQUATIC BEDSSWAMPS REPLACED BY MARSH

Page 17: Hydrology, Topography, and Soils of Lower Suwannee River Floodplain Forests and Ecological Consequences of Potential Flow Reductions Helen Light U.S. Geological

Ecological Consequences of Flow Reductions

Forest composition changes:

Exotic species Opportunistic species Human disturbance Lower quality of BLH Fewer wet swamps Forest mortality at tree line

Page 18: Hydrology, Topography, and Soils of Lower Suwannee River Floodplain Forests and Ecological Consequences of Potential Flow Reductions Helen Light U.S. Geological

Ecological Consequences of Flow Reductions

Decreased inundation and saturation:

Aquatic habitat for fishes & invertebrates

Nutrient and detritus transport Nitrate removal Water retention during

droughts Vulnerability to fire


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