Hydro Power in India

Industry Information Insights 2014

EnergySector.in

Table of Contents

Executive Summary 3

Introduction 4

SHP As Renewable Energy 5

Hydro Power Potential in India 6

SHP Installed Capacity 7

Hydro Power Development 8

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Executive Summary

Small Hydro Power Programme is one of the thrust areas

of power generation from renewable in the Ministry of

New and Renewable (MNRE).

It has been recognized that small hydro power projects

can play a critical role in improving the over all energy

scenario of the country and in particular for remote and

inaccessible areas.

The Ministry is encouraging development of small hydro

projects in the state sector as well as through private

sector participation.

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Hydro Power Potential (Total): 1,48,701 MW

Installed Capacity (Above 25 MW): 39491.40 MW

SHP Installed Capacity (Below 25 MW): 3632.27 MW

SHP Potential: 19,749.44 MW

At present, the largest capacity hydro electric plant is a

run of river Naptha Jhakri Hydro project of 1500 MW in

Himachal Pradesh.

Introduction

Out of the total power generation installed capacity in

India of 2,23,868 MW (April, 2013), hydro power

contributes about 17.5% (39,491 MW).

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Hydro power projects are categorized in two segments

1. Small Hydro Projects (SHP)

2. Large Hydro Projects

While Ministry of Power, Government of India deals with

large hydro power projects, the responsibility of small

hydro development rests with Ministry of New and

Renewable Energy (MNRE).

In India, hydro projects up to 25 MW station capacity

have been categorized as SHP projects.

12th Plan Objectives

A capacity addition of 88,000 MW is envisaged from

different conventional sources during 2012-2017 (the

12th Plan), which includes 10,897 MW from large hydro

projects.

Thermal 68%

Nuclear 2%

Hydro 18%

RES 12%

Source-wise Installed Power Generation Capacity

Role of Renewable Energy

Small Hydro Power

SHP has about 13% share of total renewable energy

installed capacity in India.

As of March 2013, India had an installed power

generation capacity of 223.34 GW, of which renewable

energy sources accounted for 27.54 GW.

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Thermal 68%

Nuclear 2%

Hydro 18%

RES 12%

Source-wise Installed Power Generation Capacity

Wind Power 68%

Small Hydro Power (SHP)

13%

Biomass Power 5%

Bagasse Cogeneration

8%

Waste to Power

0%

Solar Power (SPV)

6%

Hydro Power Potential

Small Hydro Power

The estimated potential of small hydro (up to 25 MW

station capacity) in India is of about 20,000 MW of which

about 3632 MW has been exploited.

6,474 potential sites with an aggregate capacity of

19,749 MW have been identified.

Electricity generation from small hydro has become

increasingly competitive with preferential tariffs. The

challenge is to improve reliability, quality and reduce

costs. The focus of the SHP programme is to lower the

cost of equipment, increase its reliability and set up

projects in areas which give the maximum advantage in

terms of capacity utilization.

The aim is that out of the total grid interactive power

generation capacity that is being installed, 2% should

come from small hydro.

Total hydroelectric power potential in India is assessed at

about 1,50,000 MW, equivalent to 84,000 MW at 60%

load factor.

Maximum potential is in the state of Arunachal Pradesh.

It has 33% of total hydroelectric potential of India.

Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand and Jammu & Kashmir

also have significant potential.

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50328

18820 18175

14146

47232

ArunachalPradesh

HimachalPradesh

Uttarakhand Jammu &Kashmir

Others

MW

SHP Installed Capacity

Total small hydro power generation installed capacity

stands at 3632 MW as on fiscal ending March 2013., with

966 projects.

Karnataka tops in SHP capacity with 963.76 MW (140

projects) followed by Himachal Pradesh, Maharashtra,

Andhra Pradesh and Uttarakhand.

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A capacity addition of 30,000 MW is envisaged from

renewable energy sources with 2,100 MW from small

hydro up to 25 MW station capacity.

In the financial year 2012-13, against the target of 350

MW, 237 MW of small hydro power projects were

commissioned. In any year, maximum capacity was

added in 2010-11 with 308 MW.

80

174

13

121

149

205

249

305 307

352

237

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13

MW

Annual Target vs. Capacity Addition for SHP

Target (MW) Capacity Addition (MW)

Hydro Power Development

Till Independence (1947), India had an installed capacity

of 1,362 MW, which included 508 MW hydropower

projects, mainly small and medium size projects.

In late 80’s, it was realized that the development of SHP

potential has remained largely untapped as the focus

was on large-scale power generation.

In order to provide focused attention to small size

projects, the subject of small hydro was brought under

the purview of renewable energy.

While in early 90s, most of the small hydro power

projects were set up in the public sector, from last 10

years or so, most of the capacity addition is now coming

through private sector projects. Beginning of the 21st

century saw near commercialization in the small hydro

sector.

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India has a history of more than 110 years of

hydropower. The first small hydro project of 130 kW was

commissioned in the hills of Darjeeling in 1897. This

marked the development of hydropower in India.

The Sivasamudram project of 4500 kW was the next to

come up in the Mysore District of Karnataka in 1902, for

supply of power to the Kolar gold mines.

Following this, there was number of SHPs set up in

various hilly areas of the country.

Small Hydro Projects Classification

Class Station Capacity in kW

Micro Hydro Up to 100

Mini Hydro 101 to 2000

Small Hydro 2001 to 25000

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