hybridizing hip-hop in diaspora: young british south asian men negotiating black-inflected...

7/31/2019 Hybridizing Hip-Hop in Diaspora: Young British South Asian Men Negotiating Black-Inflected Identities

1/28

bh Isdfhb{fw bih.Oill}hbw bm & Hfw bih

GBPMS_BWR

ttt(Gbpmsbwr,Ki}shfn(oil

KI]SHFNW E M B H W M S H F W B I H F N

i`

Pin}lm 61. H}lcms =

Ercsbgb{bhd Ebq,eiq bh Gbfqisf; Ri}hd Csbwbe_i}we Fbfh Lmh Hmdiwbfwbhd Cnfoj,bh`nmowmg

Bgmhwbwbm

Gfpbg Gsbmn


2/28

WEM BHWMSHFWBIHFN KI]SHFN I@ GBPMS_BWR BH ISDFHB_FWBIH_.OILL]HBWBM_ FHG HFWBIH_ewwq;))ttt(Gbpmsbwr,Ki}shfn(oil

@bsw q}cnbemg bh 3166 bh Oeflqfbdh. Bnnbhib. ]_F cr Oillih Dsi}hg Q}cnbebhd NNOttt(OillihDsi}hgQ}cnbebhd(oil(

3166 %bhgbpbg}fn qfqms". wem f}weis%" 3166 %mnmowbih fhg mgbwisbfn lfwwms" Oillih Dsi}hg

F}weis fsm smqihbcnm is wem foo}sfor i` obwfwbih. v}iwfwbih. gbfdsfl. wfcnm fhglfq(

Fnn sbdew smmspmg( Fqfsw sil fbs }m is wem q}sqim i` w}gr. smmfsoe. osbwbobl issmpbmt f qmslbwwmg }hgms wem Oiqrsbdew Fow %F}wsfnbf". hi qfsw i` web tisj lfr cmsmqsig}omg tbwei}w tsbwwmh qmslbbih sil wem q}cnbems( @is qmslbbih fhg iwemsbhv}bsbm. qnmfm oihwfow>od,}qqiswAoillihdsi}hgq}cnbebhd(oil8(

B__H; 6774,2=?3Q}cnbems _bwm; ewwq;))ttt(Gbpmsbwr,Ki}shfn(oil

WEM BHWMSHFWBIHFN KI]SHFN I@ GBPMS_BWR BH ISDFHB_FWBIH_.OILL]HBWBM_ FHG HFWBIH_ b qmms,smpbmtmg. }qqiswmg cr sbdisi} qsiomm i`osbwmsbih,sm`msmhomg fswbonm sfhjbhd fhg v}fnbwfwbpm oillmhwfsr. mh}sbhd wefw ihnrbhwmnnmow}fn tisj i` wem dsmfwmw }cwfhom fhg ebdemw bdhb`bofhom b q}cnbemg(

Wrqmmw bh Oillih Dsi}hg Lfsj}q Nfhd}fdm }bhd ODOsmfwis l}nwboefhhmnwrqmmwwbhd rwmlewwq;))ttt(oillihdsi}hgq}cnbebhd(oil)i`wtfsm)


3/28

Ercsbgb{bhd Ebq,eiq bh Gbfqisf; Ri}hd Csbwbe _i}we

Fbfh Lmh Hmdiwbfwbhd Cnfoj,bh`nmowmg Bgmhwbwbm

Gfpbg Gsbmn. Bitf Omhwsfn Oill}hbwr Oinnmdm. BF. ]_F

Fcwsfow; Web qfqms wemisb{m wefw ebq,eiq ef cmoilm f jmr `fowis bh wem }co}nw}sfn hmdiwbfwbih fhg

oihws}owbih i` ercsbgb{mg. cnfoj,bhmowmg bgmhwbwbm flihd _i}we Fbfh ri}hd lmh bh wem ](J( Bhgbfh.

Qfjbwfhb. fhg Cfhdnfgmeb fsm muflqnm i` mwehbo lbhisbwr dsi}q nbpbhd bh wem Gmb Gbfqisf %b(m(.

_i}we Fbfh lbds fhg wembs gmomhgfhw tei fsm qerbofnnr gmwfoemg `sil wembs fhomwsfn eilmnfhg"(

Csbwbe Fbfh sfqqms fhg wembs smnfwbpmnr ri}we`}n gbfqisbo `fh fqqmfs wi cm bhpinpmg bh f oilqnmu

qsiom i` smoihd}sbhd fhg rhwemb{bhd smnmpfhw bgbil fhg pmshfo}nfs ì}hg hiw ihnr bh dnicfn

ebq,eiq fhg wembs fhomwsfn eilmnfhg. c}w fni wembs eiw oi}hwsr niofn mhpbsihlmhw( Cmof}m i`

ebq,eiq qsblfsr wbm wi F`sbofh,Flmsbofh o}nw}sm. Csbwbe Fbfh wmmh fhg ri}hd fg}nw efpm cmmh

muqimg pbofsbi}nr wi cnfoj oihomsh. fsdiw. fhg pfn}m bhon}gbhd smqmow. oiinhm. fhg f}wemh,

wbobwr %jmmqbhd bw smfn"( Web qfqms smpmfn wefw ebq,eiq fhg smnfwmg bgmhwbwr lfsjms i` cnfojhmfhg lfo}nbhbwr fsm mqmobfnnr fqqmfnbhd wi Csbwbe Fbfh ri}hd lmh. lfhr i` teil fsm mhflismg

cr wem o}nw}sfn qibwbihbhd i` F`sbofh,Flmsbofh sfqqms f smcmnnbi}. qitms`}n qijmlmh ìs f cm,

nmfd}msmg lbhisbwr }hgmsonf( Web qfqms fhfnr{m f tbgm pfsbmwr i` v}fnbwfwbpm i}som. bhon}gbhd

wem wsfhosbqw i` qsmpbi}nr q}cnbemg bhwmspbmt tbwe Csbwbe Gmb ebq,eiq fswbw fhg wem nrsbofn

oihwmhw i` mnmowmg sfq ihd smoisgmg cr L}nbl. Ebhg}. fhg _bje bh wem ](J(

Jmrtisg; Ebq,Eiq. Csbwbe _i}we Fbfh. Gmb Gbfqisf. F`sbofh Gbfqisf. L}nbl Gbfqisf. Ebhg}.

L}nbl. _bje. Ri}we _}co}nw}sm. Sfq L}bo. Cefhdsf. Kbefg. Cnfoj,bhmowmg. Oinnmowbpm bgmhwbwbm

Bhwsig}owbih

EBQ,EIQ @BS_W MLMSDMG bh wem blqipmsbemg hmbdeciseiig i` Hmt Risj

Obwr _i}we Csihu g}sbhd wem nfwm 6241. c}w ef bhom mpinpmg bhwi fh bhwmshfwbihfn

qiq,o}nw}sm qemhilmhih wefw bhon}gm f l}nwbcbnnbih,ginnfs l}bo fhg `febih bh,

g}wsr( Bhbwbfnnr smmowbhd wem qmspfbpm `mfs. oihomsh. fhg l}wmg fqbsfwbih i`

F`sbofh,Flmsbofh fhg Ebqfhbo demwwi ri}we. ebq,eiq ef mnfcisfwmg ih }hbpmsfn wemlm

i` sfobl. qipmswr. iqqsmbih. f}wemhwbobwr. fhg smcmnnbih bh f tbgm fssfr i` dnicfn mwwbhd(

I`wmh mspbhd f f nbdewhbhd sig ìs oihwsipmsr. ebq,eiq ef cmmh ciwe qsfbmg fhg qfhhmg.

gmqmhgbhd ih wem iobiqinbwbofn pfhwfdm qibhw i` wem icmspms( Mpmh wei}de h}lmsi} iobfn

obmhwbw. l}bo osbwbo. qiq,o}nw}sm oillmhwfwis. fhg lmgbf q}hgbw efpm oefsfowmsb{mg

ebq,eiq bh smnfwbpmnr qibwbpm wmsl f f qiwmhwbfnnr nbcmsfwbhd fhg mlqitmsbhd ìsom ìs

iqqsmmg lbhisbwbm fhg qiis qmiqnm fsi}hg wem tisng:6 lfhr iwems efpm gmqbowmg bw bh

ebdenr hmdfwbpm wmsl. oihwmhgbhd wefw wem smq}wmgnr dfhd,bhqbsmg sfq l}bo i` ebq,eiq

wmhg wi dnisb`r hfsobbl. emgihbl. bhwinmsfhom. lbidrhr. fhg qsmgfwisr pbinmhom(3

6Fnnmh %6220". ìs bhwfhom. fsd}m wefw sfq l}bo fqqsiqsbfwmnr ìo}m q}cnbo fwwmhwbih ih wem hmmg fhg fqbsfwbih

i` blqipmsbemg qmiqnm nbpbhd bh qsmgilbhfwmnr cnfoj fhg csith oill}hbwbm(3 GmDmhipf %622=". ìs muflqnm. oihwmhg wefw ebq,eiq bh dmhmsfn fhg dfhdwf sfq bh qfswbo}nfs efpm mhoi}sfdmg

qsmgfwisr. pbinmhw cmefpbis fhg hbebnbl bh iobmwr(

Wem Bhwmshfwbihfn Ki}shfn i` Gbpmsbwr bh Isdfhbfwbih. Oill}hbwbm fhg Hfwbih

Pin}lm 61. H}lcms =. 3166. ewwq;))ttt(Gbpmsbwr,Ki}shfn(oil. B__H 6774,2=?3

Oillih Dsi}hg. Gfpbg Gsbmn. Fnn Sbdew Smmspmg. Qmslbbih;od,}qqiswAoillihdsi}hgq}cnbebhd(oil


4/28

Ipms wem qfw `mt gmofgm. dnicfnb{fwbih f mqbwilb{mg bh web bhwfhom cr liwnr ](_(,

cfmg oisqisfwbih qsig}obhd fhg lfsjmwbhd sfq l}bo fhg smnfwmg lipbm. l}bo pbgmi.

oniwebhd. fhg foomisbm wi pbsw}fnnr mpmsr lfsjmw bh wem tisng ef qnfrmg f bdhbofhw

sinm bh efqbhd fhg dfnpfhb{bhd wem dsitbhd qiq}nfsbwr i` ebq,eiq. tebnm q}spmrbhd wem

lmgbf,mhefhomg blqsmbih i` f gbwbhownr Flmsbofhb{mg. emdmlihbo iobfn wsmhg( Hihmwem,

nm. bw b f lbhilms wi gmqbow ebq,eiq f f bhdnm lihinbwebo o}nw}sm wbmg muon}bpmnr wi bw

Flmsbofh isbdbh( His b ebq,eiq lmsmnr wem nfwmw ](_(,qfthmg qiq,o}nw}sm oilligbwr

wefw b mlcsfomg qfbpmnr cr ri}we`}n oih}lms tisngtbgm( Wei}de lblbojbhd Flmsbofh

qiq,o}nw}sm wsmhg b }hgi}cwmgnr f `fowis bh ebq,eiq dnicfn fqqmfn fhg fomhgfhor. fh

monmowbo ligm i` l}nwbo}nw}sfn rhosmwbl i`wmh ioo}s( Fsi}hg wem tisng. ri}hd qmiqnm

efpm fgfqwmg ebq,eiq wi fggsm wembs qfswbo}nfs niofn oihomsh fhg oinnmowbpm bgmhwbwbm. we}

muebcbwbhd f grhflbo ìsl i`dniofnb{fwbih: b(m(. osi,o}nw}sfn bhwmsfowbih wefw m``mowbpmnr

rhwemb{m wem dnicfn tbwe wem niofn(? _blqnr q}w. dnicfnb{mg o}nw}sm qsig}om gb``msmhom

cmof}m i` wem gb``msmhw mpmsrgfr nb`m oihwmuw i` wem oih}lms %Jnmbh. 311?. q( 7?"(

Fooisgbhdnr. ebq,eiq i`wmh }hgmsdim f qsiom i` smoihwmuw}fnb{fwbih.7

teboe bhpinpmcissitbhd o}nw}sfn ickmow `sil ihm mhpbsihlmhw ìs wem q}sqim i` fqqnrbhd weml bh f gb`,

`msmhw iobfn oihwmuw( N}nn %622=" sm`ms wi web osi,o}nw}sfn qsiom f wem ercsbgb{fwbih

fhg bhgbdmhb{fwbih i` sfq. oihwmhgbhd wefw Flmsbofh ebq,eiq b i`wmh `}mg tbwe hfwbih,

fn)niofn gboi}sm wi qsig}om gbwbhownr hmt wrnm ìslfwbih fhg oinnmowbpm bgmhwbwbm( Mpmh

tbwebh wem ](_(. niofn fhg smdbihfn pfsbfwbih bh ebq,eiq fsm v}bwm qsihi}homg(= Cirg %311?"

fsd}m wefw bw b qsmobmnr web msbm i` lipm `sil wem niofn. wi wem smdbihfn. wi wem hfwbihfn.

fhg mpmh wi wem dnicfn wefw gmlihwsfwm web muqsmbih i` ebq,eiq o}nw}sfn bgmhwbwr bh wem

csifgmw mhm. oihì}hgbhd fhr fwwmlqw wi smfg cnfojhm f lihinbwebo %q( 62"(

Ebq,eiq gbfnidbo `sflmtisj b bhemsmhwnr mubcnm fhg lfnnmfcnm. m` mowbpmnr wsfhomhgbhd

ci}hgfsbm i` sfom. mwehbobwr. nfhd}fdm. fhg dmidsfqer( Eitmpms. ebq,eiq bhpfsbfcnr oihwfbh

f gbwbhow wrnm wefw smmow bw qsmgilbhfwmnr F`sbofh,Flmsbofh bhhms,obwr isbdbh. hi lfwwms

tefw wem niofnm i` bw o}ssmhw qmsl}wfwbih( Tebnm wem oism mmhom fhg mnmlmhw i` ebq,eiq

fsm efsmg cr fnn lmlcms i` wem ebq,eiq o}nw}sm. wem fmwemwbo b fgfqwmg wi }bw l}nwbqnm

hfwbihfn o}nw}sm. niofnb{mg oihgbwbih fhg dsbmpfhom. Liwnmr fhg Emhgmsih %3115. q(

375" hiwm( Oihmv}mhwnr. wem ercsbgb{fwbih i` ebq,eiq bhon}gm hiw ihnr wem fgiqwbih fhg

oih}lqwbih i` dnicfn oilligbwbm. c}w fni wem smoihd}sfwbih i` cnfoj,bhmowmg `sflm

i` sm`msmhom cr pfsbi} oill}hbwr fswbw. mhwsmqsmhm}s. fhg oih}lms( F Cmhhmww %6222"

icmspm. _}oe fqqsiqsbfwbih efpm bh mfoe ofm bhpinpmg f smtisjbhd i` ebq,eiq bh tfr

teboe mhdfdm tbwe niofn obso}lwfhom %q( ="(

_mpmsfn oeinfs efpm qiw}nfwmg wefw lfsdbhfn ri}we fsm wem ihm liw nbjmnr wi smoih,

wmuw}fnb{m ebq,eiq ìs wembs ith gbwbhow niofnm. dbpmh wembs muqi}sm bh l}bo fhg nl wiF`sbofh,Flmsbofh muqmsbmhom i` qsmk}gbom fhg iqqsmbih( I}lfsm %3114" fmsw wefw

ebq,eiq mhdmhgms f oihhmowbpm lfsdbhfnbwr wefw nbhj ri}hd qmiqnm i` pfsbi} ebwisbofnnr

iqqsmmg dsi}q fsi}hg wem tisng( Ebq,eiq. fh muwmhbih i` F`sbofh,F`sbofh qiq}nfs

o}nw}sm. wemh. cmoilm f dnicfn bdhbms ìs lfhr ìsl i` lfsdbhfnb{fwbih. em muqnfbh

%q( 64?"( Sim %622?" wfwm wefw lfhr F`sbofh,Flmsbofh ebq,eiq fswbw efpm cmoilm gm

?@is lism ih wem dnicfn ercsbgb{fwbih i` qiq}nfs o}nw}sm. mm Hbnfh fhg @mbuf %3110"(

7B fl cissitbhd web wmsl `sil Fhgsi}wiqi}ni fhg _oein{ %3113"(

= @is bhwfhom. wemsm fsm nihd,wfhgbhd gb``msmhom cmwtmmh wem Mfw Oifw fhg Tmw Oifw Flmsbofh sfq wrnm bh,

pinpbhd nrsbofn wemlm. foomhw. mwo(

311

WEM BHWMSHFWBIHFN KI]SHFN I@ GBPMS_BWR BH ISDFHB_FWBIH_.

OILL]HBWBM_ FHG HFWBIH_


5/28

`fowi qinbwbofn fowbpbw. sfbnbhd fdfbhw tefw wemr qmsombpm wi cm bhemsmhwnr sfobw bhwbw}wbih

bh iobmwr %m(d(. qinbom gmqfswlmhw. qsbih. oeiin"( Liwnmr fhg Emhgmsih %3115" qsiqim

wefw ri}hd qmiqnm bh hih,Flmsbofh niofnm efpm cmmh gsfth wi wem lmfdm i` smbwfhom

wi iqqsmbih fhg ws}ddnm fdfbhw gbosblbhfwbih fhg sfobl i` wem mfsnr ebq,eiq fswbw i`

wem ]hbwmg _wfwm cmof}m i` wembs lfsdbhfnb{mg wfw} %q( 3=3"( We}. wem gilbhfhw ebq,eiq

hfssfwbpm i` fhdsr gmfhom fhg smbwfhom wi f}weisbwr. oill}hbofwmg cr Flmsbofh sfqqms

%mqmobfnnr cnfoj lfnm `sil blqipmsbemg cfojdsi}hg". fqqfsmhwnr bhqbsm lfsdbhfn ri}we

}co}nw}sm0 bh iwems iobmwbm wi mwfcnbe wembs ith iqqibwbihfn bgmhwbwbm nbhjmg wi ebq,

eiq(

Smmfsoe @io} fhg Lmweiginidr

Bh wem ofm i` wem ]hbwmg Jbhdgil. ebq,eiq)sfq l}bo b cmbhd qsig}omg fhg qmsìslmg

qsblfsbnr cr lmlcms i` lfsdbhfn sfobfn)mwehbo lbhisbwr dsi}q. wei}de lfhr Csbwbe ebq,

eiq %Csbw,eiq" dsi}q fsm l}nwbsfobfn is l}nwbmwehbo( Bh web qfqms. B qsiqim wefw ebq,eiq

b cmoilbhd f jmr `fowis bh wem }co}nw}sfn hmdiwbfwbih fhg oihws}owbih i` ercsbgb{mg. cnfoj,

bhmowmg bgmhwbwbm flihd Csbwbe _i}we Fbfh %sm`mssmg wi f Csbwbe Fbfh bh wem ](J("(

Bhgbfh. Qfjbwfhb. Cfhdnfgmeb. fhg _sb Nfhjfh fsm qsblm muflqnm i` mwehbo lbhisbwr

dsi}q nbpbhd bh wem Gmb Gbfqisf: b(m(. _i}we Fbfh lbds fhg wembs gmomhgfhw tei fsm

qerbofnnr gmwfoemg `sil wembs fhomwsfn eilmnfhg(

C}bngbhd ih wem tisj i` iwems smmfsoems bh wem mng %m(d(. Lfbsf 3111: Mdnfe 3113:

G}gsfe 3113: E}v 3110". B oihwmhg wefw Csbwbe Fbfh sfqqms fhg wembs smnfwbpmnr ri}we`}n

gbfqisbo `fh fsm bhpinpmg bh f oilqnmu qsiom i` smoihd}sbhd fhg rhwemb{bhd smnmpfhw

bgbil fhg pmshfo}nfs ì}hg hiw ihnr bh dnicfn ebq,eiq fhg wembs fhomwsfn eilmnfhg. c}w

fni wembs eiw oi}hwsr niofn mhpbsihlmhw( Cmof}m i` ebq,eiq qsblfsr wbm wi F`sbofh,

Flmsbofh o}nw}sm. Csbwbe Fbfh wmmh fhg ri}hd fg}nw efpm cmmh muqimg pbofsbi}nr wicnfoj oihomsh. fsdiw. fhg pfn}m bhon}gbhd wem blqiswfhom i` smbwbhd iqqsmbih.

dfbhbhd smqmow. muebcbwbhd oiinhm. lfbhwfbhbhd f}wemhwbobwr %jmmqbhd bw smfn". fhg smqsm,

mhwbhd wem niofn eiig %ebq,eiq nfhd ìs hmbdeciseiig"(4 Web qfqms wemisb{m wefw ebq,

eiq fhg smnfwmg bgmhwbwr lfsjms i` cnfojhm fhg lfo}nbhbwr fsm mqmobfnnr fqqmfnbhd

wi Csbwbe Fbfh ri}hd lmh. lfhr i` teil fsm fqqfsmhwnr mhflismg cr wem o}nw}sfn qib,

wbihbhd i` F`sbofh,Flmsbofh sfqqms f smcmnnbi}. qitms`}n qijmlmh ìs f cmnmfd}msmg

lbhisbwr }hgmsonf(

Lfkis smmfsoe v}mwbih wefw B fggsm bh web qfqms bhon}gm wem ìnnitbhd; Eit efpm

dnicfn it i` qmiqnm. bgmf. fhg pfn}m. bh}mhomg ebq,eiq smoihd}sfwbih bh Dsmfw

Csbwfbh. qfswbo}nfsnr flihd _i}we Fbfh ri}hd lmh9 Tefw iobfn fhg gmlidsfqebo `fowis

efpm mhoi}sfdmg Csbwbe Fbfh lfnm %fhg lism qmobofnnr Csbwbe Ebhg}. L}nbl fhg

_bje" wi fgiqw cnfoj,bhmowmg bgmhwbwbm fhg smnfwmg lfo}nbhm qmsihf wbmg wi ebq,eiq9

Eit efpm sfq l}bo nrsbo fhg blfdmsr cmmh sm`sflmg wi smihfwm tbwe Csbwbe Fbfh gbf,

qisbo muqmsbmhom fhg hfwbihfn)niofn oihomsh9 Eit efpm b}m i` sfom. mwehbobwr. dmhgms.

0 Ri}we }co}nw}sm ofh cm gmhmg f dsi}q i` wmmhfdms fhg ri}hd fg}nw efsbhd omswfbh oillih o}nw}sfn `mfw}sm.

rmw fqqmfsbhd wi efpm pfn}m. hisl. sinm. fhg fwwbw}gm wefw gb``ms }cwfhwbfnnr `sil wem nfsdms o}nw}sm %Kiehwih

fhg _hit 6225. q( 747"(4

Bh wem fnwmshfwbpm fsdiw i` ebq,eiq. wem gbo}sbpm `sflm i` wem eiig ef nfsdmnr smqnfomg wem lism qmblbwbo

fhg muon}bihfsr wmsl. demwwi( Fooisgbhd wi L}ssfr @islfh %3113". F f gbo}sbpm eb`w. wem w}sh wi wem eiig

bhpinpm fh bhwmhwbihfn. mhdfdmg qsiom i` o}nw}sfn smo}qmsfwbih i` F`sbofh,Flmsbofh fhg Nfwbhi gilbhfwmg qfom

mhfowmg qsblfsbnr cr oihwmlqisfsr }scfh lbhisbwr ri}we %q( 0="(

316

GFPBG GSB__MN


6/28

fhg smnbdbih. bhwmsmowmg fhg bh}mhomg wem fgiqwbih i` ebq,eiq bgmhwbwbm flihd ri}we`}n

Csbwbe Fbfh lfnm9 Bh isgms wi fggsm }oe v}mwbih. B efpm fhfnr{mg f tbgm pfsbmwr i`

v}fnbwfwbpm i}som. bhon}gbhd wem wsfhosbqw i` qsmpbi}nr q}cnbemg bhwmspbmt tbwe Csbwbe

Gmb ebq,eiq fswbw fhg wem nrsbofn oihwmhw i` mnmowmg sfq ihd smoisgmg cr _i}we Fbfh

bh wem ](J( F f gbwbhow wrqm i` iobi,o}nw}sfn oill}hbofwbih. sfq l}bo nrsbo fhg smnfwmg

rlcin i` wem ebq,eiq }co}nw}sm ofh smpmfn wem mubwmhom i` pfsbi} qmsihfn fhg oinnmowbpm

bgmhwbwbm. i`wmh bh f wfwm i` }u(

Gsftbhd ih `sflbhd wemisr. B efpm bhpmwbdfwmg wem fswbo}nfwbih i` F`sbofh. Bhgbfh.

Qfjbwfhb. L}nbl. Ebhg}. fhg _bje `sflm bh Csbwbe sfq l}bo. teboe efpm cmmh iobfnnr

fhg oidhbwbpmnr isdfhb{mg bhwi bhwmsoihhmowmg gbfqisbo gboi}sm( Cr gmhbwbih. `sflm

fsm f oemlfwf i` bhwmsqsmwfwbih wefw mhfcnm bhgbpbg}fn wi niofwm. qmsombpm. bgmhwb`r. fhg

nfcmn pfsbi} mpmhw fhg ioo}ssmhom tbwebh wembs ith nb`m muqmsbmhom %Di``lfh. 6247"(

Blqiswfhwnr. wem `sflm i` pfsbi} Csbwbe lbhisbwr dsi}q oihwsfgbow lfhr i` wem gilbhfhw

iobiqinbwbofn hfssfwbpm i` l}nwbo}nw}sfn winmsfhom bh wem ]J( Bh web smdfsg. Csbwbe Fbfh

ebq,eiq fow f f }co}nw}sfn i}som i` oi}hwms,emdmlihbo bhìslfwbih fhg b `sflmg wismihfwm tbwe wem iobfn muqmsbmhom. pfn}m. cmnbm`. fhg oihomsh i` Gmb gbfqisbo ri}we(

_}oe `sflm fnbdhlmhw fsm mmhwbfn oilqihmhw bh wem lbosi,licbnb{fwbih i` iobfn

lipmlmhw qfswbobqfhw( Temh bhgbpbg}fn lipmlmhw `sflm fsm oihhmowmg wi f nfsdms cmnbm`

rwml fhowbihmg cr qiwmhwbfn lipmlmhw qfswbobqfhw. f `sflm fnbdhlmhw ioo}s %_hit fhg

Cmhìsg. 6255: _hit mw fn(. 6224"(

Bh web qfqms. B sw muflbhm pfsbi} iobinidbofn wemisbm i` gbfqisbo lbhisbwr dsi}q

fhg wem ebwisr i` gbfqisbo _i}we Fbfh bh wem ]hbwmg Jbhdgil( Wemh. B csbmr wsfom wem

Flmsbofh isbdbh i` ebq,eiq. ìo}bhd ih wem smnfwbpm bh}mhom i` wem F`sbofh Gbfqisf. wem

L}nbl Gbfqisf. fhg pfsbi} cnfoj,bhmowmg)lfo}nbhm qsfowbom fhg rlcin( Hmuw. B gm,

osbcm wem Csbwbe,Gmb ebq,eiq omhm fhg bhwmsqsmw wem nrsbo i` mnmowmg ihd. tbwe fh ml,

qefb ih iobinidbofn lmfhbhd gmsbpmg `sil pfsbi} bhwmsmowbih i` sfom. mwehbobwr. smnbdbih.

fhg dmhgms( B oihon}gm tbwe fh fhfnrb i` wem Csbwbe,Gmb ebq,eiq }co}nw}sm. f bw smnfwm

wi hmdiwbfwbih i` cnfojhm fhg oihws}owbih i` lfo}nbhbwr cr Csbwbe Fbfh sfqqms fhg

wembs ri}we`}n lfnm `fh(

Csbwbe _i}we Fbfh bh Gbfqisf

Wem wmsl gbfqisf tf sw oibhmg ipms wti wei}fhg rmfs fdi. fqqnbmg bhbwbfnnr wi wem

Kmt bh wem f`wmslfwe i` wembs oilq}nisr gbqmsfn `sil Qfnmwbhm wi gbwfhw niofnm fsi}hg

wem tisng( Ipms wem rmfs. wem oihomqw ef cmmh muqfhgmg wi bhon}gm iwems mwehi,hfwbihfn

dsi}q }oe f wem Dsmmj. Fslmhbfh. Bsbe. Dmslfh. Drqbm. F`sbofh. Oebhmm.Qfnmwbhbfh. Bhgbfh. Fndmsbfh. Wbcmwfh. Lisioofh. O}cfh. F`defh. Qinm. fhg Pbmw,

hflmm( Fnn }oe dsi}q efpm muqmsbmhomg pin}hwfsr is ìsomg lbdsfwbih fhg qmslfhmhwnr

smbgm f lbhisbwbm bh ihm is mpmsfn eiw oi}hwsbm %_em``ms. 311?. q( 2"( Bh fggbwbih. gbf,

qisf efpm wem ìnnitbhd mnmlmhw bh oillih; fh isbdbh bh wem ofwwmsbhd fhg }qsiiwbhd

i` oill}hbwbm fhg wem mhm i` f smfn is blfdbhmg smnfwbihebq wi f eilmnfhg. lmgbfwmg

wesi}de wem grhflbo i` oinnmowbpm lmlisr fhg wem qinbwbo i` smw}sh %Mgtfsg. 3116. q(

=6,=3"(

Emhom. f gbfqisf bhpinpm wem v}mwbih i` isbdbh fhg b bhwblfwmnr oihhmowmg wi wem

ìslfwbih i` oinnmowbpm bgmhwbwbm %Mgtfsg. 3116. q( 74"( Gbfqisbo bgmhwbwbm i`wmh mlmsdm

bh smqihm wi qsmk}gbom. gbosblbhfwbih. fhg iwems muon}bihfsr qsfowbom ì}hg bh f dbpmh

313




7/28

eiw iobmwr( _blqnr q}w. gbfqisbo obwb{mh fsm i`wmh ìsomg wi f}lm hmt bgmhwbwbm wi

}spbpm bh wembs hmt eilmnfhg %Sfkdiqfn. 311?. q( =3"( Gbfqisf fsm hiw lmsmnr ebwisbofn

fhg gmosbqwbpm. c}w fni gbsmownr bh}mhwbfn bh wem qsmmhw,msf. mhfcnbhd tbgmnr gbqmsmg

qmiqnm wi mhpbbih wemlmnpm f f oill}hbwr %Oishtmnn fhg _wiggfsg. 3116. q( 4"( F

_em``ms %311?" icmspm. Lmlcms i` gbfqisf mwfcnbe wsfh,wfwm hmwtisj wefw smmow

oilqnmu smnfwbihebq flihd wem gbfqisf. wembs eiw oi}hwsbm. wembs eilmnfhg. fhg bhwms,

hfwbihfn fowis %q( 61"( We}. gbfqisbo qiq}nfwbih wmhg wi gmpmniq oinnmowbpm bgmhwbwbm wefw

fsm rhosmwbwbo oilcbhfwbih i` mmlbhdnr gbqfsfwm mwehi,hfwbihfn oefsfowmsbwbo. wemsmcr

`fobnbwfwbhd wem ìslfwbih i` hmt o}nw}sm i` ercsbgbwr %Gtrms. 3111"(

Wem _i}we Fbfh Gbfqisf5 %fni jhith f wem Gmb Gbfqisf"2 b f qfh,mwehbo iobfn

oihws}ow cfmg ih mpmsfn }oombpm tfpm i` bhwmsoihhmowmg lbdsfwbih i` smnfwmg hfwbih,

fnbwbm %m(d(. Bhgbfh. Qfjbwfhb. _sb Nfhjfh. Cfhdnfgmeb." mlfhfwbhd `sil wem Bhgbfh }coih,

wbhmhw( G}m wi wem Csbwbe gilbhfwbih i` wem smdbih ìs ipms wesmm e}hgsmg rmfs cmdbhhbhd

bh wem 64we omhw}sr. Bhgbfh bhbwbfnnr lbdsfwmg wi wem ](J( wesi}de wembs oihhmowbih tbwe wem

Csbwbe Mfw Bhgbf Oilqfhr( Liw Bhgbfh bh web sw lbdsfwisr tfpm mhwmsmg Dsmfw Csbwfbhmbwems f nfofs %lbnbwbflmh fhg mflmh" isfrfe %gilmwbo mspfhw". wei}de iwems lb,

dsfwmg ìs mg}ofwbihfn. mhwsmqsmhm}sbfn. is dipmshlmhwfn smfih( Oihmv}mhwnr. wemsm tmsm

ipms 71.111 Bhgbfh mflmh. ingbms. oeinfs. iòbfn. gbqnilfw. c}bhmlmh. wi}sbw.

fhg w}gmhw bh wem ](J( cr wem lbg,62we omhw}sr(

Wem nfsdmw tfpm i` _i}we Fbfh lbdsfwbih wi wem ](J( oillmhomg bh wem f`wmslfwe i`

wem _moihg Tisng Tfs. fhg smfoemg bw {mhbwe bh wem mfsnr 6201( _}oe lbdsfwbih tf `}mnmg

bh qfsw cr f qsmobqbwi} gmonbhm bh wem b{m i` wem lfnm cn}m,oinnfs tisjìsom sm}nwbhd `sil

Tisng Tfs Wti( Bh fggbwbih. wemsm tf sbbhd gmlfhg ìs smnfwbpmnr nit,jbnnmg lfh}fn

nfcisms bh pfsbi} bhg}wsbm }oe f sfbntfr. ì}hgsbm. fhg wmuwbnm lbnn( Lfhr tebwm

Csbwih efg gmmlmg }oe tisj wi cm }hgmbsfcnm ìs wemlmnpm bh wem qiw,tfs msf. we}

osmfwbhd f hmt nfcis eiswfdm wefw tf }cmv}mhwnr nnmg cr lbdsfhw tisjms `sil ìslms

oinihbm bh wem Csbwbe Oillihtmfnwe , liw hiwfcnr wem hmtnr bhgmqmhgmhw hfwbih,wfwm

i` Bhgbf fhg Qfjbwfh %Sicbhih. 311=. q(65?"( G}sbhd wem mfsnr 6201. wem Csbwbe dipmshlmhw

cmdfh wi smwsbow bllbdsfwbih `sil Bhgbf. Qfjbwfh. fhg iwems ìslms oinihbm( Hihmwemnm.

_i}we Fbfh lbdsfwbih wi wem ](J( oihwbh}mg fw f smnfwbpmnr sfqbg qfom ìs wem hmuw mpmsfn

rmfs. g}m bh nfsdm lmf}sm wi wem mhfowlmhw i` `flbnr sm}hbofwbih lmf}sm ìs qi}m

fhg iwems onim smnfwbpm i` Csbwbe Fbfh(

Cr wem mfsnr 6241. bllbdsfwbih smwsbowbih tmsm mfmg wmlqisfsbnr wi fooilligfwm wem

hmtmw lfkis bh}u i` Bhgbfh lbdsfhw. liw i` teil tmsm sm`}dmm fhg frn}l mmjms

mmbhd ]dfhgf. Jmhrf. fhg iwems F`sbofh oi}hwsbm g}m wi pfsbi} ìsl i` qinbwbofn smqsm,

bih fhg qmsmo}wbih( Bh oihwsfw wi wem sw qiw,tfs tfpm i` lbdsfwbih. web hmtmw tfpmi` sm`}dmm wmhgmg wi cm ebdenr mg}ofwmg fhg mhdfdmg bh tebwm,oinnfs ioo}qfwbihfn q}s}bw(

Smnfwbpmnr wsbhdmhw smwsbowbih ih bllbdsfwbih bh wem Csbwbe Oillihtmfnwe tmsm sm,blqimg

5 Web wmsl ef cmmh }mg bhosmfbhdnr bh fofgmlbo fswbonm ipms wem nfw `mt gmofgm. g}m wi bw lism muqfhbpm

o}nw}sfn,hfwbihfn fqqnbofwbih oilqfsmg wi wem lism qmobo qesfminidr i` Bhgbfh. Qfjbwfhb. fhg Cfhdnfgmeb Gb,

fqisf( @is bhwfhom. mm Sfkdiqfn %311?" fhg G}gsfe %3113"(2

Gmb b fh fhobmhw Bhgbfh _fhjsbw tisg wefw nbwmsfnnr lmfh ihm `sil i}s oi}hwsr( Bh wem ligmsh mhm. bw sm`ms

wi wem qmiqnm. o}nw}sm. fhg qsig}ow i` wem _i}we Fbfh %Bhgbfh" }coihwbhmhw( Bh smomhw rmfs. fh bhosmfbhdnr

nfsdm h}lcms i` dsi}q fhg tmc qfdm efpm }mg wem wmsl. Gmb Gbfqisf. sfwems wefh _i}we Fbfh Gbfqisf(

@is muflqnm. mm ewwq;))fbfiobmwr(isd)oi}hwsbm,ebwisr)wsfgbwbih)wem,gmb,gbfqisf(

31?

GFPBG GSB__MN


8/28

bh wem 6251. we} smf`slbhd wem ligmsh Csbwbe f}lqwbih wefw bllbdsfwbih b f qsicnml.

hiw fh iqqisw}hbwr %Sicbhih. 311=. q( 5?"(

Fooisgbhd wi smomhw omh} d}sm. wem ](J( mwehbo lbhisbwr qiq}nfwbih b 7(0 lbnnbih

qmiqnm. teboe oilqsbm 4(2- i` wem oi}hwsr wiwfn qiq}nfwbih %Sicbhih. 311=". wei}de

ihnr fqqsiublfwmnr pm qmsomhw i` Csbwih gmosbcm wemlmnpm f hih,tebwm %Emlihg,

efnde fhg Lmnpbnnm. 3116"( Lism wefh wti lbnnbih qmiqnm i` _i}we Fbfh fhomwsr o}ssmhwnr

nbpm bh wem ](J(. we} fooi}hwbhd ìs fqqsiublfwmnr ì}s qmsomhw i` wem oi}hwsr qiq}nfwbih(

Csbwbe _i}we Fbfh bhon}gm nbdewnr ipms ihm lbnnbih Bhgbfh %6(5- i` wem qiq}nfwbih" fhg

fsi}hg 511.111 Qfjbwfhb %6(?- i` wem qiq}nfwbih" %Sicbhih. 311="( Fooisgbhd wi smomhw

mwblfwm i` smnbdbi} f`nbfwbih bh wem ](J(. wemsm fsm ipms wti lbnnbih L}nbl. fqqsiubl,

fwmnr ihm lbnnbih Ebhg}. fhg nbdewnr ipms 711.111 _bje( Wem pfw lfkisbwr i` Csbwbe

L}nbl fsm mbwems Qfjbwfhb is Cfhdnfgmeb bh mwehbobwr. wei}de f }cwfhwbfn lbhisbwr b

Bhgbfh(61 Wem smlfbhgms i` wem Csbwbe _i}we Fbfh qiq}nfwbih b Ebhg} %liwnr mwehbo Bhgbfh"

is _bje %liwnr mwehbo Q}hkfcb)Bhgbfh"(

Mwehbobwr. Sfom. fhg Smnbdbih

Tebnm wem ]hbwmg Jbhdgil b f qsmgilbhfwmnr tebwm oi}hwsr. qmiqnm i` F`sbofh gmomhw

tbwe mwehbo siiw bh wem ìslms Csbwbe oinihbm i` }c,_fefsfh F`sbof fhg wem Ofsbccmfh

efpm cmmh qsmmhw bh wem oi}hwsr ìs omhw}sbm( Cmdbhhbhd bh wem 6201. pbsw}fnnr fnn hih,

tebwm qmiqnm bh Dsmfw Csbwfbh tmsm dmhmsfnnr sm`mssmg wi f cnfoj. bhon}gbhd hiw ihnr

Ofsbccmfh fhg }c,_fefsfh F`sbofh. c}w _i}we Fbfh wii( Nbjm wem ](_( fhg @sfhom. Csbwfbh

m``mowbpmnr efg bw ith }hiòbfn mwehi,sfobfn cbhfsr( Eitmpms. web cnfoj)tebwm g}fnbl

cmdfh `sfdlmhwbhd bh wem qiq}nfs lbhgmw cr wem nfwm 6251 tbwe cnfoj bhosmfbhdnr cmbhd

qnbhwmsmg bhwi mqfsfwm cnfoj fhg Fbfh bgmhwbwr nfcmn %Fsoems. 3116"( Lism smomhwnr.

fh bhosmfmg ìo} ih smnbdbih f f i}som i` Csbwbe lbhisbwr wfw} ef dbpmh sbm wi f lism

qn}sfnbwbo iobfn lbnbm} wefw bhon}gm L}nbl. Ebhg}. fhg _bje. f blqiswfhw oinnmowbpm

bgmhwbwr lfsjms %Ligiig fhg Felfg. 3114"( Web nfwmw wsmhg ef cmmh `}mnmg cr wem

dsitbhd fnbmhom i` f wsfhhfwbihfn smnbdbi} bgmhwbwr flihd L}nbl bh Dsmfw Csbwfbh fhg

iwems oi}hwsbm %Sir. 3117"(

Oissmqihgbhdnr. wem bgmf i` f L}nbl Gbfqisf ef mlmsdmg bh wem ](J( fhg iwems

Tmwmsh oi}hwsbm( _}cwfhwbfnnr muqfhgbhd }qih wem wsfgbwbihfn oihomqw i` f gbfqisf cfmg

}qih efsmg fhomwsfn isbdbh tbwebh f qfswbo}nfs hfwbih. wfwm. is mwehbo dsi}q. wem L}nbl

Gbfqisf ìo}m qsblfsbnr ih f oillih smnbdbi} bgmhwbwr( Wem dsitbhd qiq}nfsbwr i` web

bhobqbmhw smnbdbi},gbfqisbo oihws}ow ef cmmh cinwmsmg cr wem qsmmhom i` fh mpms,bhosmfbhd

h}lcms i` L}nbl nbpbhd bh Dsmfw Csbwfbh. @sfhom. wem ](_(. fhg iwems Tmwmsh oi}hwsbm.lfhr i` teil efpm hmpms pbbwmg wembs fhomwsfn eilmnfhg bh _i}we Fbf. wem Lbggnm Mfw.

Hiswe F`sbof. is iwems qfsw i` wem tisng(66 Bh fggbwbih. L}nbl nbpbhd bh Tmwmsh wfwm

tbwe qsmgilbhfhwnr tebwm Oesbwbfh lfkisbwbm dmhmsfnnr fsm qmsombpmg f f smnfwbpmnr oiembpm.

sfobfnb{mg lbhisbwr dsi}q. g}m bh nfsdm lmf}sm wi wembs gbwbhowbpm smnbdbi} sbw}fn fhg

61Fooisgbhd wi smomhw d}sm. fqqsiublfwmnr mbdewr qmsomhw i` wem Csbwbe L}nbl qiq}nfwbih b i` _i}we Fbfh

isbdbh(66

Fooisgbhd wi smomhw d}sm. wemsm fsm fqqsiublfwmnr 3? lbnnbih L}nbl bh M}siqm. oilqsbbhd fqqsiublfwmnr

pm qmsomhw i` wem qiq}nfwbih( M}siqm L}nbl qiq}nfwbih ef lism wefh gi}cnmg bh wem qfw wesmm gmofgm fhg

wem sfwm i` dsitwe b foomnmsfwbhd %_fpfdm. 3117. q( 30"(

317




9/28

mwehi,hfwbihfn o}wil( Pfsbi} ìsl i` iobfn muon}bih muqmsbmhomg cr L}nbl bh wem

Tmw `}swems oihwsbc}wm wi }oe sfobfnb{mg gmqbowbih %_em``ms. 311?"(

]hnbjm @sfhom qinbor i` lfhgfwisr fblbnfwbih)bhwmdsfwbih. wem ](J( iòbfnnr qsfowbom

winmsfhom fhg l}nwbo}nw}sfnbl( Web smnfwbpmnr nbcmsfn qinbor b cfmg ih wem bgmf i` fnnitbhd

fhg mpmh mhoi}sfdbhd bllbdsfhw wi muqsm wembs mwehbo bgmhwbwbm tbwebh wem oihwmuw i`

Csbwbe iobmwr( Wei}de Csbwfbh fqqsifoe mml smnfwbpmnr bhon}bpm ih wem }s`fom. lfhr

osbwbo pbmt bw f oihgmomhgbhd fhg bh}òbmhw( F E}v %3110" oihwmhg. Wem bgmf i`

l}nwbo}nw}sfn winmsfhom bwmn` ofh cm mmh f f sfwems qfwsihb{bhd hiwbih. blqnrbhd wefw

lbhisbwbm fhg wembs }qmsobfn gb``msmhom fsm wemsm wi cm q}w }q tbwe. c}w ihnr ih nblbwmg

wmsl f nihd f wemr gi hiw dmw wii qitms`}n is efpm fhr smfn bh}mhom ih iobmwr %q( 62,

31"( Jefh %3111" qiw}nfwm wefw Csbwfbh lfkisbwr)lbhisbwr smnfwbihebq b ihm i` qitms

fhg emdmlihr. teboe wem gilbhfhw lfbhwsmfl mmj wi fmsw tbwei}w l}oe smdfsg wi wem

pfn}m. o}nw}sm. fhg bgmhwbwr i` lbhisbwr qiq}nfwbih %q( ?1"( Ligiig fhg Felfg %3114"

fnnmdm wefw Csbwbe l}nwbo}nw}sfnbl wmhg wi bdhism wem smfn iobfn gbpbbih fhg of}m i`

bhmv}fnbwr. tebnm lfsdbhfnb{bhd is gboi}hwbhd wem sinm i` smnbdbih fhg iobfn onf bh wemoihws}owbih i` lbhisbwr bgmhwbwbm fhg smnfwmg iobfn qsicnml %q( 655"(

Oilqfsmg wi wem Csbwbe tebwm qiq}nfwbih. teboe ef fh fpmsfdm 2- sfwm i` }hmlqnirlmhw.

_i}we Fbfh efpm l}oe f ebdems sfwm i` 36-. fooisgbhd wi smomhw d}sm( Bh dmhmsfn. _i}we

Fbfh fsm lism nbjmnr wefh wembs tebwm oieisw wi muqmsbmhom }cwfhgfsg ei}bhd fhg gb,

osblbhfwbih bh mg}ofwbih. mlqnirlmhw. emfnweofsm. fhg wem osblbhfn k}wbom rwml %Sicbhih.

311="( Qipmswr fhg smnfwmg iobfn qsicnml fsm qfswbo}nfsnr mpmsm ìs Qfjbwfhb. Cfhdnfgmeb.

fhg iwems qsmgilbhfwmnr L}nbl hfwbihfnbwbm bh Dsmfw Csbwfbh( Bh `fow. wem }hmlqnirlmhw

sfwm ìs Csbwbe L}nbl b wesmm wblm ebdems wefh wefw i` fhr iwems smnbdbi})mwehbo dsi}q

%bhon}gbhd Bhgbfh Ebhg}"( L}nbl bh qfswbo}nfs `fom f dsmfw gmfn i` iobfn gbosblbhfwbih

bh mlqnirlmhw. mg}ofwbih. fhg ei}bhd( F f sm}nw. wemr fsm i`wmh on}wmsmg bh bhhms,obwr

demwwi. teboe fsm qmsombpmg wi cm eiwcmg ìs k}pmhbnm gmnbhv}mhor fhg osblm. niofwmg lfbhnr

bh lfkis obwbm }oe f Nihgih. Csfgìsg. Lfhoemwms. fhg Cbslbhdefl( Ipmsositgmg fhg

}hgmsmspbomg fqfswlmhw c}bngbhd fsm wfhgfsg ei}bhd ìs f lfkisbwr i` Csbwbe L}nbl.

csmmgbhd iobfn gboihwmhw fhg smmhwlmhw i` wem wfw} v}i %Omfsb. 3117"(

Lismipms. Dsmfw Csbwfbh ef efg f nihd ebwisr i` umhiqeicbo fhg sfobw lipmlmhw.

teboe bhpinpm pfsbi} efwm osblm qmsqmw}fwmg fdfbhw _i}we Fbfh( @is bhwfhom. Qfjb,

cfebhd. f qiq}nfs m}qemlbl ìs pbinmhw fwwfoj ih Qfjbwfhb ri}hd lmh cr jbhemfg

fhg iwems sfobw dsi}q. cmoflm v}bwm oillih bh wem nfwm 6201 fhg mpmhwbm fhg oihwbh}m

wi cm f qsicnml bh wem qsmmhw msf %E}v. 3110"( Bh smomhw }spmr oihg}owmg bh Csbwbe q}cnbo

oeiin. L}nbl ri}hd lmh oilqfsmg wi iwems gmlidsfqebo dsi}q smqiswmgnr muqmsb,

mhomg wem ebdemw sfwm i` sfobfn qsmk}gbom `sil wembs qmms fhg wmfoems %Fsoems. 3116"(Qfswbo}nfsnr bhom wem wmssisbw fwwfoj i` 2)66)16 bh Hmt Risj Obwr fhg 4)4)1= bh Nihgih.

L}nbl bh Csbwfbh efpm cmoilm wem qsblfsr wfsdmw i` sfobw fhwfdihbl %Bnfliqeicbf"

cfmg ih mwehi,smnbdbi} fhg o}nw}sfn gb``msmhom %Sicbhih. 311=. q( 621,626"( Tefw ef

cmmh g}ccmg wem Cbh Nfgmh M``mow ef wsfhìslmg pbsw}fnnr fnn Csbwbe L}nbl bhwi f

}qmow ofwmdisr( _}qbobih fhg eiwbnbwr ef cmmh gbsmowmg witfsg L}nbl ri}hd lmh bh

qfswbo}nfs. teboe ef oihwsbc}wmg wi wem qsiom i` smfowbpm bgmhwbwr,ìslfwbih %Omfsb. 3117"(

Dmhmsfnnr qmfjbhd. smnbdbih wmhg wi cm wem qsblfsr cfb ìs oinnmowbpm bgmhwbwr ìslfwbih

flihd f lfkisbwr i` Csbwbe Fbfh %Fhtfs. 6225"( Eitmpms. w}gbm efpm ì}hg wefw Csbwbe

L}nbl %47-" fsm l}oe lism nbjmnr wefh Ebhg} %7?-" fhg _bje %70-" wi wfwm. Smnbdbih

tf pmsr blqiswfhw bh wem tfr wemr nbpmg wembs nbpm %Sicbhih. 311=. q( 21"( Lmfhbhd`}nnr.

31=

GFPBG GSB__MN


10/28

smomhw rmfs efpm tbwhmmg wem sm,Bnflb{fwbih %smw}sh wi wem ìng" i` L}nbl ri}we bh

Dsmfw Csbwfbh fhg iwems Tmwmsh wfwm( Bh oihwsfw wi wembs mngms. lfhr bh wem hmt dmhmsfwbih

i` Tmwmsh,cish fhg mg}ofwmg L}nbl oihbgms wembs smnbdbih wi cm bdhbofhwnr lism bl,

qiswfhw f fh bgmhwbwr lfsjms wefh fhr qmobo mwehbobwr. hfwbihfnbwr. is obwb{mhebq wfw}(

@}hgflmhwfnbw pmsbih i` Bnfl. bh qfswbo}nfs. efpm dfbhmg hmt i}som i` }qqisw flihd

L}nbl ri}we f f sm}nw i` web dmhmsfwbihfn smnbdbi} smpbpfn %Sir. 3117"(

F`sbofh Gbfqisbo Isbdbh i` Ebq,Eiq

Wem bgminidbofn fhg gmlidsfqebo isbdbh i` ebq,eiq fsm nbhjmg liw icpbi}nr wi wem

F`sbofh Gbfqisf: b(m(. wem gbqmsfn i` F`sbofh wi wem Tmw pbf nfpmsr. oinihbfnbl. fhg

bllbdsfwbih( Fooisgbhd wi Dbnsir %622?". wem F`sbofh Gbfqisf b hmbwems o}nw}sfnnr lihi,

nbwebo his bll}wfcnm( Sfwems. bw ef mhdmhgmsmg wem ìslfwbih i` wsfhhfwbihfn o}nw}sfn er,

csbgbwbm wesi}dei}w wem Cnfoj Fwnfhwbo( F wem sm}nw i` omhw}sbm i` nfpmsr fhg oinihbfnbl.

F`sbofh tmsm wsfhqiswmg wi pfsbi} oinihbm fhg oi}hwsbm bh wem Flmsbof fhg TmwmshM}siqm. c}w bh wem qsiom gmpmniqmg f gi}cnm oihobi}hm( Bh web smdfsg. gbfqisbo

F`sbofh fsm o}nw}sfnnr oihhmowmg hiw ihnr wi wem hfwbpm oihwbhmhw i` wembs fhomwis. c}w fni

wi wem fgiqwmg nfhg i` wembs cbswe(

_mpmsfn oeinfs %m(d(. _lbwemslfh. 6224: Jmrm. 3115" efpm wsfomg wem isbdbh i` ebq,

eiq fhg sfq cfoj wi wem isfn oill}hbofwbih qsfowbom ì}hg flihd cnfoj wsbcm bh }c,

_fefsfh Tmw F`sbof( Liw hiwfcnr. wem wsfgbwbihfn F`sbofh dsbiw is cfsg b gmosbcmg f

f tfhgmsbhd isfwis)qimw)l}bobfh wefw tf smqihbcnm ìs gmnbpmsbhd oillmhwfsr ih ciwe

o}nw}sfn lfwwms fhg o}ssmhw mpmhw( F Jmrm smoi}hw. wem cfsg tf f wisrwmnnms,bhdms

fhg fcipm fnn f ebwisbfh tei oesihbonm wem hfwbih ebwisr fhg wsfhlbw o}nw}sfn wsfgbwbih

fhg lism wesi}de qms islfhom %q( ="( _lbwemslfh wfwm wefw F`sbofh isfn wsfgbwbih wsihdnr

mlqefb{mg wem qitms i` wem tisg bh e}lfh nb`m: we} oihwmhgbhd wefw wem sfqqms b f

qiwligmsh F`sbofh dsbiw %q( 7"( Nmnfhg %3117" fgg wefw wem wmsl ebq %ebqb" isbdbhfwmg

flihd wem Tini` qmiqnm i` Tmw F`sbof omhw}sbm fdi( Nbwmsfnnr lmfhbhd wi iqmh ihm

mrm. wem oihomqw i` ebq tf wsfhqiswmg wi Flmsbof cr _mhmdfnmm fhg Dflcbfh nfpm(

Bh fggbwbih. pfsbi} smmfsoems %m(d(. Jmrm 3115: Lbwoemnn 3116" efpm qibhwmg wi ebq,

eiq gbfqisbo fhwmomgmhw bh wem nfpm o}nw}sm i` wem Flmsbofh _i}we. }oe f wem ofnn,

fhg,smqihm mng einnms fhg tisj ihd i` cnfoj nfpm( Iwems ebq,eiq qsmo}sis mlmsdbhd

tbwebh i}wemsh cnfoj o}nw}sm bhon}gm oefsblfwbo cnfoj qsmfoebhd fhg sbw}fnb{mg tisg dflm

}oe f wem gi{mh fhg bdhb rbh(63 _}oe qsfowbom tmsm nfsdmnr wsfhlbwwmg `sil

i}wemsh niofnm wi hiswemsh }scfh omhwms f f sm}nw i` wem Dsmfw Lbdsfwbih i` wem mfsnr wi

lbg,31we

omhw}sr( Fggbwbihfn o}nw}sfn fwwsbc}wm smqiswmgnr oihwsbc}wbhd wi ebq,eiq bhon}gmofw bhdbhd. cm ciq kf{{. jbq,siqm serlm. Cnfoj Qfhwems nidfh. cnfuqnibwfwbih nl.

fhg wem l}bo fhg nrsbo i` `}hj fswbw }oe f Kflm Csith fhg Dmisdm Onbhwih i` Qfsnbf,

lmhw @}hjfgmnbo %Lbwoemnn. 3116: Sim. 3115"(

Blqiswfhwnr. ebq,eiq tf hiw osmfwmg bh f iobfn pfo}}l: sfwems. mpmsfn gbwbhow l}nwbo}n,

w}sfn bh}mhom oifnmomg bh wem _i}we Csihu i` wem lbg,6241. nmfgbhd wi wem ìslfwbih i`

ebq,eiq( @sil wem pmsr wfsw. ebq,eiq bhoisqisfwmg ercsbgb{mg `sflm wefw tmsm ciwe niofn

63F Jmrm %3115" muqnfbh. Wem gi{mh %fni jhith bh oihwmlqisfsr o}nw}sm f hfq" b wem ingmw wmsl ìs

wem dflm i` muoefhdbhd bh}nw( @}swemslism. bdhb`rbh ioo}s temh ihm lfjm fh bhgbsmow wfwmlmhw fci}w f

bw}fwbih is fhiwems qmsih: wem lmfhbhd b i`wmh fnn}bpm fhg. bh ilm ofm. bhgmwmslbhfwm( %q( 61"(

310




11/28

fhg dnicfn. serwelbofnnr fswbo}nfwmg cr gbfqisbo F`sbofh,Flmsbofh. Kflfbofh,Flmsbofh.

fhg Q}mswi Sbofh. tbwebh wem wsmmw,nmpmn iobfn qfom i` blqipmsbemg bhhms,obwr hmbdecis,

eiig( Ebq,eiq tf gb``}mg bh Hmt Risj Obwr wesi}de f osi,o}nw}sfn oill}hbofwbih

hmwtisj. teboe bhon}gmg }cbv}bwi} dsf`wb wfd ih }ctfr fhg rms qiwmg ih wmhmlmhw

tfnn. qsmfgbhd bhìslfwbih fci}w fh muobwbhd hmt lipmlmhw( Bh fh msf i` ligmsh oill},

hbofwbih wmoehinidbm. web hmwtisj mpmhw}fnnr gbmlbhfwmg ebq,eiq cmrihg bw isbdbhfn gbf,

qisbo lmwsiqinbwfh cfm wi iwems Flmsbofh obwbm bh teboe lfsdbhfnb{mg cnfoj fhg Ebqfhbo

oill}hbwbmqbojmg }q ih wem wmhis fhg mhmsdr bh Hmt Risj ebq,eiq %Sim. 3115. q(

30"(

_mpmsfn i` wem mfsnbmw qbihmms i` ebq,eiq mlcsfomg F`siomhwsbo qmsqmowbpm wefw bhon}gmg

gbfqisbo blfdmsr( Liw hiwmtiswer bh web smdfsg tf F`sbjf Cflcffwff %Jmpbh Gihfpfh".

f ìslms Csihu dfhd nmfgms tei fgiqwmg wem hflm i` f nmdmhgfsr F`sbofh [}n} wsbcfn oebm`

%Jmrm. 3113"( F f sm}nw i` cmbhd bhqbsmg cr F`sbofh ebwisr fhg gmqbowbih i` lbdewr

[}n} tfssbis bh qiq}nfs o}nw}sm. Cflcffwff mwfcnbemg wem ]hbpmsfn [}n} Hfwbih %][H"

bh 6247( Wem dsi}q cmoflm f wsbcfn,nbjm fiobfwbih i` GK. dsf`wb fswbw. csmfjgfhoms. fhgeilmcir( Fowbhd f f jbhg i` v}fb,smnbdbi} `sfwmshfn isdfhb{fwbih. ][H fowbpmnr qsiliwmg

wem qmfom`}n smin}wbih i` oihbow flihd dfhd. osmt. fhg iwems bhhms,obwr sbpfn %Dmisdm.

6225"( Qiq}nfsnr jhith f wem dig`fwems i` ebq,eiq. Cflcffwff tf fswbwbofnnr monmowbo

fhg flqnmg l}bo `sil F`sbof. wem Ofsbccmfh. fhg mpmh Dmslfh i}som , }oe f wem qbih,

mmsbhd mnmowsihbo cfhg. Jsf`wtmsj( Cflcffwff l}bo smmowmg fhg smbhìsomg eb wfwmg

qebniiqebofn oillbwlmhw wi dnicfn }hbwr( Em `sflmg wem ebq,eiq lipmlmhw f f}wemhwbofnnr

qfh,F`sbofh. teboe fqqfsmhwnr qfsjmg bw dsitwe %Jmrm. 3113"(

L}nbl Gbfqisbo Isbdbh i` Ebq,Eiq

Fnihd tbwe wem F`sbofh Gbfqisf. fhiwems blqiswfhw `sflm ì}hg bh ebq,eiq b wem smnfwbpmnr

hmt oihomqw i` wem L}nbl Gbfqisf( Ihm i` wem liw blqiswfhw bgminidbofn bh}mhom ih

wem gmpmniqlmhw i` ebq,eiq tf wem Cnfoj L}nbl lipmlmhw. teboe bhon}gm }oe lbnbwfhw

mow f wem Hfwbih i` Bnfl fhg wem Hfwbih i` Dig fhg Mfswe( @i}hgmg bh Gmwsibw bh 62?1

f f ebdenr qfwsbfsoefn. cnfoj,mqfsfwbw lipmlmhw. wem Hfwbih i` Bnfl mpmhw}fnnr cmoflm

wem cmw,jhith Cnfoj L}nbl `fowbih }hgms wem nmfgmsebq i` qsiqemw Mnbkfe Liefllfg

fhg eb oefsblfwbo nbm}wmhfhw. Lfnoinl U( Gmqbwm }cmv}mhw oebl bh wem lipmlmhw

fhg Lfnoinl ffbhfwbih cr sbpfn Cnfoj L}nbl bh 620=. wem Hfwbih i` Bnfl lfgm

}cwfhwbfn bhsifg bhwi }scfh demwwi fosi wem oi}hwsr cr wem nfwm buwbm fhg mpmhwbm(

Wem Nfw Qimw. f dsi}q i` Cnfoj L}nbl qinbwbofn fowbpbw `sil Efsnml. smnmfmg mpmsfn

qimwbo qijmh,tisg fnc}l bh wem nfwm buwbm wefw oilcbhmg F`siomhwsbo)Bnflbo blfdmsrtbwe ebdenr bhhipfwbpm. rmw qsipiofwbpm. nfhd}fdm( Bh wembs liw `fli} qbmom. Hbddms fsm

_ofsmg i` Smpin}wbih. wem dsi}q qbihmmsmg pmsr sfqbg wfoofwi,wrnm serlm: f wrnm wefw

mpmhw}fnnr cmoflm v}bwm oillih bh sfq l}bo( Bh fggbwbih. wem dsi}q m``mowbpmnr i}dew wi

qibwbpmnr sm,fqqsiqsbfwm wem H tisg `sil tebwm sfobw. we} mspbhd f fh mfsnr ligmn

ìs nfwms,gfr ebq,eiq)sfq qmsìslms wi bq wem osbqw %b(m(. sm`sflm wem lmfhbhd i` wem

wmsl `sil qmkisfwbpm temh }mg cr tebwm wi mlqitmsbhd temh }mg cr cnfoj bh omswfbh

bw}fwbih"(

_mpmsfn i` ebq,eiq }co}nw}sfn qbihmms mlcsfomg wem Cnfoj L}nbl lipmlmhw fhg

tmsm qfswbo}nfsnr bhqbsmg cr wem qimwbo qinmlbo i` Lfnoinl U fhg wem csfe cifw i`

Liefllfg Fnb %Lbwoemnn. 3116: Sim. 3115"( Bh wem _i}we Csihu i` wem 6241. wem Hfwbih

314

GFPBG GSB__MN


12/28

i` Bnfl cmoflm ebdenr bh}mhwbfn flihd ìslms dfhd lmlcms %liw hiwfcnr. F`sbjf

Cflcffwff". g}m bh nfsdm lmf}sm wi wem mow m`ìsw wi gmwms wsmmw pbinmhom fhg mhg dfhd

tfs fsm %Jmrm. 3113"( Cr wem mfsnr 6251. lfhr ebq,eiq fswbw tmsm obwbhd ciwe F`siomhwsbo

fhg Cnfoj L}nbl bh}mhom( @is muflqnm. wem Nihd Bnfhg sfq cfhg. Q}cnbo Mhmlr. i`wmh

}wbnb{mg wem qinbwbofn nidfh i` wem Hfwbih i` Bnfl. Lfnoinl U. fhg wem Cnfoj Qfhwems(

]bhd fhdsr oi}hwmso}nw}sfn wihm. wem cfhg mlcsfomg ciwe cnfoj qsbgm fhg wem F`sbofh Gb,

fqisf bh wem oihwmuw i` iqqibhd iqqsmbih( Wem cfhg 6252 bhdnm. @bdew wem Qitms.

onfblmg wefw tebwm smghmoj efg i}dew wi gilbhfwm cnfoj ìs wem qfw ì}s e}hgsmg

rmfs: b(m(. `sil wem cmdbhhbhd i` F`sbofh nfpmsr bh Hiswe Flmsbof wi wem qsmmhw msf( Bh

smqihm wi }oe sfobw wrsfhhr. wem cfhg ofnnmg ìs qitms wi wem qmiqnm hi gmnfr. wi lfjm

mpmsrcigr mm bh isgms wi dew wem qitms wefw cm( Wem ihd dfbhmg tbgm muqi}sm f`wms

cmbhd `mfw}smg bh _qbjm Nmm ebdenr qiq}nfs ebq,eiq nfgmh nl. Gi wem Sbdew Webhd%6252"(

Bh smomhw rmfs. f dsitbhd h}lcms i` F`sbofh,Flmsbofh ebq,eiq qms islms efpm mlcsfomg

Bnfl( Wei}de wem Hfwbih i` Bnfl b wbnn f lfkis `fowis bh ebq,eiq. lfhr qmsìslms efpm

oihpmswmg wi lism lfbhwsmfl fhg smnfwbpmnr bhon}bpm pmsbih i` _}hhb Bnfl( L}nblFlmsbofh sfqqms }oe f Oe}oj G. Bom O}cm. Hf. Li Gm`. wem T} Wfhd Onfh. Cnfoj _wfs.

wem Siiw. Oillih. Mpm. fhg Qfsb. i`wmh bhoisqisfwm pfsbi} Bnflbo wemlm fhg lmfdm

bhwi wembs ihd. OG nbhms hiwm. fhg q}cnbo bhwmspbmt( _mpmsfn ebq,eiq fobihfgi oihwmhg

wefw wem nfhd}fdm i` sfq fhg wem V}sfh fsm pmsr blbnfs bh ws}ow}sm fhg wrnm %Fnbl. 311=.

q( 300"( Li Gm` %Gfhwm _lbwe". tei oihpmswmg wi Bnfl fw fdm webswmmh bh eb hfwbpm

Csiijnrh. onfbl wefw ciwe ebq,eiq fhg wem V}sfh oihwfbh oihobm nrsbofn lmfhbhd wefw fsm

mfbnr gbmlbhfwmg bh ebdenr ofgmhomg `febih( Ebq,eiq fhg wem wmuw i` V}sfh fsm ciwe

ìsl i` qimwsr. em wfwm. fhg ciwe qim f serlm oemlm wefw oihpmr mmhwbfn bhìsl,

fwbih %v}iwmg bh Efnbnf. 311=. q( ?5"( Bnfl ef mpmh cmmh gmosbcmg f ebq,eiq iòbfn

smnbdbih %Fnbl. 311=. q( 307"(

Lfo}nbhbwr bh Ebq,Eiq

Wem isbdbh i` ebq,eiq fsm qsmgilbhfwmnr lfnm fhg lfo}nbhm. g}m bh nfsdm lmf}sm wi wem

`fow wefw wem mfsnbmw qmsìslms tmsm liwnr F`sbofh,Flmsbofh fhg Ebqfhbo ri}hd lmh

%bhon}gbhd lfhr ìslms wsmmw,dfhd lmlcms"(6? Mpmh wem wmsl sfq bh F`sbofh,Flmsbofh

fsdiw bhbwbfnnr sm`mssmg wi fhr wrqm i` ebdenr silfhwbo is mu}fnb{mg oillmhw fhg gbfnidbo

bhwmsfowbih. wrqbofnnr bhpinpbhd f lfnm }bwis fwwmlqwbhd wi tbh wem f``mowbih i` f tilfh

%Jioelfh. 6243"( Cr wem nfwm 6201. wem wmsl efg cmmh m``mowbpmnr smbhpmhwmg wi lmfh fhr

jbhg i` wsihd. fddsmbpm. ebdenr }mhw. qitms`}n wfnj %_lbwemslfh 6224. q( 7". we}

mlqefb{bhd lfo}nbhm bgmhwbwr lfsjms( F Jbmnbhd %3117" icmspm. Qitms b ihm i` wemgmhbhd oefsfowmsbwbo i` lfo}nbhbwr bh liw iobmwbm %q( 3?3"( Wem smoihws}owmg lfo}nbhm

lmfhbhd i` wem wmsl tf cmw mumlqnbmg cr Wem Wmlqwfwbih qinbwbofnnr oefsdmg S&C

ebw. Cfnn i` Oih`}bih %6241". teboe bhon}gmg wem lfnm,omhwsbo nrsbo. sfq ih. csiwems. sfq

ih( Fooisgbhd wi _lbwemslfh. Ihm hg ciwe }m i` wem wmsl bh wigfr cnfoj qmmoe

oill}hbwr. fhg i` oi}sm. sfqqms smqsmmhw ciwe lmfhbhd bh wembs fswbwbo qsig}owbih %q(

7"(

6?Bw tf hiw }hwbn wem nfwm 6251 wefw fhr lfkis `mlfnm wfs mlmsdmg ih wem Flmsbofh ebq,eiq omhm( _fnw H Qmqqf

fhg V}mmh Nfwb`fe tmsm wti i` wem mfsnbmw `mlfnm ebq,eiq fow: smnmfbhd wembs gmc}w fnc}l bh 6255 fhg 6252 sm,

qmowbpmnr(

315




13/28


14/28

Qfsfgiubofnnr. ebq,eiq dsitbhd fnn}sm wi tebwm Flmsbofh wmmh bh }c}scbf tf nfsdmnr

g}m wi bw cnfoj demwwi lrwbv}m fhg gbwbhownr }co}nw}sfn ìo} ih foebmpbhd qitms fhg

smqmow bh wem eiig. teboe bhon}gmg }oe boihidsfqebo `mfw}sm f dfhd. d}h. fhg dsmmg(

Wemm erqms,lfo}nbhm rlcin mmlmg wi smihfwm tbwe fnbmhfwmg ri}hd lfnm bh qfswbo}nfs.

fqqfsmhwnr mfdms ìs fnfobi} mhwmswfbhlmhw fhg `fhwfr mofqbl bh f smq}wmgnr f}wemhwbo

}scfh lbnbm}(

Csbwbe Ebq,Eiq Smoih`bd}sfwbih

Cmdbhhbhd bh wem mfsnr,6251. ebq,eiq wfswmg lipbhd ipmsmf. teboe tf bhbwbfnnr pbmtmg

tbwe gbgfbh cr lfhr Tmw M}siqmfh o}nw}sfn,q}sbw tei gmqbowmg sfq l}bo gmsbbpmnr f

blqnr fhiwems emdmlihbo `fg bh f nihd nbhm i` Flmsbofh qiq,o}nw}sm blqisw %Fhgsi}w,

iqi}ni fhg _oein{. 3113"( Wei}de ilm i` wem mfsnbmw sfq l}bo qsig}omg bh Dsmfw Csbwfbh

fhg iwems Tmw M}siqmfh oi}hwsbm efg bhgmmg lblbojmg Flmsbofh l}bofn wrnm fhg nrs,

bofn fqqsifoem. l}oe i` wem sfq bh }oe oi}hwsbm tf iih smoihwmuw}fnb{mg wi cmwwms smmowniofn mhpbsihlmhw fhg bh}mhom( F Lbwoemnn %3116" ef icmspmg. ebq,eiq qsig}omg

i}wbgm i` wem ](_( wrqbofnnr oilcbhm F`sbofh Flmsbofh nfhd fhg serwel tbwe niofn pms,

hfo}nfs. bhgbdmhi} l}bofn bgbil. fhg oihomsh fhg mhbcbnbwbm wefw fsm }hbv}m wi qfswbo,

}nfs o}nw}sfn mwwbhd(

Wem Csbwbe ebq,eiq }co}nw}sm ef omswfbhnr cmmh bh}mhomg cr wem isbdbhfn Flmsbofh

fsoemwrqm. c}w l}oe i` wem omhm gmpmniqmg mqfsfwmnr bh qfsfnnmn `febih bh wem mfsnr 6251.

g}m wi wem qsmmhom i` i}hg rwml fhg g}ccbhd wrnm sw blqiswmg wi wem ](J( cr cnfoj

Kflfbofh bllbdsfhw( Lfhr i` wem wemlm i` Flmsbofh dfhdwf sfq. }oe f d}hqnfr fhg

ofs kfojbhd. tmsm smnfwbpmnr fnbmh wi Csbwbe o}nw}sm fhg lmw tbwe nbwwnm }oom bh gilmwbo

sfq ìsl( Oihmv}mhwnr. wem cnfojhm i` Csbwbe sfq bhbwbfnnr smnbmg lism ih wem F`si,

Ofsbccmfh gbfqisbo muqmsbmhom. tebnm ìo}bhd bw iobfn osbwbv}m qsblfsbnr ih hmi,oinihbfn,

bl. blqmsbfnbl. fhg bhwbw}wbihfn sfobl sfwems wefh dfhd,smnfwmg pbinmhom is lbidrhr

%Emlihgefnde fhg Lmnpbnnm. 3116"(

_i}we Fbfh sw cmoflm bhwblfwmnr bhpinpmg tbwe wem mlmsdbhd Csbwbe ebq,eiq }co}nw}sm

bh wem mfsnr 6251. qsblfsbnr f dsf`wbw fhg csmfjgfhoms( Pmsr `mt tmsm bhpinpmg bh

sfqqbhd is l}bo qsig}owbih bhbwbfnnr. wei}de obso}lwfhom oefhdmg cr wem mfsnr hbhmwbm

tbwe wem osmfwbih i` _i}we Fbfh sfq cfhg( Ihm i` wem sw }oe cfhg tf E}wnms EO.

ì}hgmg bh 6226 bh Tmw Nihgih( Oilqimg mhwbsmnr i` _bje. wem cfhg nfsdmnr mlcsfomg

wem niij fhg wrnm i` F`sbofh,Flmsbofh eilmcir bh wem eiig. tebnm nrsbofnnr fmswbhd

mwehbo qsbgm bh wembs gbfqisbo _i}we Fbfh siiw fhg _bje smnbdbi} bgmhwbwr( Hiwfcnr. E}wnms

EO b ihm i` wem `mt hih,cnfoj Csbwbe sfq cfhg wefw efpm }oommgmg bh osibhd ipms fhgdfshmsbhd qiq}nfsbwr flihd F`si,Ofsbccmfh ebq,eiqqms %Emlihgefnde fhg Lmnpbnnm.

3116"( Bh wem ihd. Cbd Wsi}cnm bh Nbwwnm Fbf. E}wnms EO ìo}m ih niofnb{mg b}m

}oe f Csbwbe sfobl flihd wem tebwm lfkisbwr fhg wem hmmg ìs qfh,Fbfh inbgfsbwr wi

oi}hwmsfow }oe muon}bihfsr qsfowbom( ]wbnb{bhd demwwi wfnm fjbh wi F`sbofh,Flmsbofh

sfq. wemsm b f onfsbih ofnn ìs qfh,mwehbo }hbwr flihd gbfqisbo _i}we Fbfh. bhon}gbhd

_bje. Ebhg}. fhg L}nbl( Eitmpms. wem ihd b fni osbwbofn i` weim tei mnn,i}w. bh,

on}gbhd `mnnit Fbfh wem cfhg nfcmn oioih}w: b(m(. weim tei fsm csith ih wem i}wbgm

c}w tebwm ih wem bhbgm( We}. E}wnms EO b `sflbhd wembs oinnmowbpm bgmhwbwr f f}wemhwbofnnr

_i}we Fbfh: b(m(. jmmqbhd bw smfn. teboe b ihm i` wem oism pfn}m i` dnicfn ebq,eiq( F

wem cfhg sfq;

361




15/28

Emr ri B mm cbd wsi}cnm gith bh Nbwwnm Fbf@is fh Fbfh dsitbhd }q webhd dmw osf{bms fhg osf{bms

@is lr o}nw}sm gim hiw w bh tbwe ri}s

Ri}s oiss}qw o}nw}sm lfjm lr sboe o}nw}sm niij qiis(

Wem Fbfh ]hgmsdsi}hg

Wem lbg,wi,nfwm 6221 tbwhmmg }hqsmomgmhwmg oefsw }oom ìs tefw cmoflm jhith f

wem Fbfh ]hgmsdsi}hg %is Fbfh Jiin". teboe tf wsihdnr bh}mhomg cr wem l}bofn

dmhsm i` cefhdsf ( F fh bhgbdmhi} ìsl i` ìnj l}bo wefw isbdbhfwmg bh Bhgbf _bje,

gilbhfwmg Q}hkfc smdbih i` hiswetmwmsh Bhgbf. cefhdsf tf nfwms `}mg tbwe ebq,eiq.smddfm. g}c. i}n fhg iwems cnfoj l}bofn dmhsm cr gbfqisbo moihg,dmhmsfwbih Fbfh

mmjbhd wi osmfwm f hmt ercsbgb{mg l}bofn ìsl %Lfbsf. 3111"( Csbwbe _i}we Fbfh fswbw

}oe f Wfnpbh _bhde. Q}hkfcb LO. Oishmseiq. fhg wem Fbfh G}c @i}hgfwbih %FG@" cmoflm

qsblm muflqnm i` web hmt ercsbgb{mg lipmlmhw( Blqiswfhwnr. web omhm wmhgmg wi iqmh

}q f l}bofn gbfnid}m cmwtmmh Fbfh gbfqisbo %mqmobfnnr Q}hkfcb" l}bo fhg F`sbofh

gbfqisbo i}hg bh Csbwfbh( Bh web smqmow. wem sfobfn ercsbgbwr i` wem omhm i``msmg qibc,

bnbwbm ìs wem hih,muef}wbpm bgmhwbofwbih i` Csbwbe fhg cnfoj fhg Fbfh f qinbwbofnnr

fpfbnfcnm wi Fbfh ri}we %G}gsfe. 3113. q( =00"(

Qfhkfcb LO. tei oilcbhm ebq,eiq tbwe cefhdsf. b wem ih i` sw,dmhmsfwbih Bhgbfh

_bje bllbdsfhw `sil wem Q}hkfc( Cish bh Oipmhwsr. Mhdnfhg f Sfkbhgms _bhde. em sw

wfswmg bgmhwb`rbhd tbwe ebq,eiq f f ri}hd wmmh. }cmv}mhwnr wsrbhd eb jbnn f f sfqqmsbh wem mfsnr 6221( Eb qfsmhw wsihdnr gbfqqsipmg i` eb hmt eiccr. cmbhd ipmsnr oih,

omshmg fci}w wembs ih wfhgbhd i}w bh wem liwnr tebwm. tisjbhd,onf with i` Oipmhwsr(

Bh qfswbo}nfs. eb qfsmhw `mfsmg ìs eb f`mwr. oihomshmg wefw sfobw jbhemfg ti}ng nbjmnr

wfsdmw ebl b` em tmsm gsmmg bh ebq,eiq fwwbsm( G}m wi eb smnfwbpmnr }hbv}m wfw} f fh Bhgbfh

sfqqms. iwems bh wem ebq,eiq omhm i`wmh sm`mssmg wi ebl cr wem hbojhflm. Qfhkfcb LO(

Wei}de eb bhbwbfn l}bofn oilqibwbih tmsm liwnr q}sm ebq,eiq %b(m(. F`sbofh,Flmsbofh"

bh wrnm. em v}bojnr cmdfh wi bhon}gm piofn fhg bhws}lmhwfn flqnm `sil wsfgbwbihfn Bhgbfh

l}bo(67

Qfhkfcb LO sw lfkis bhdnm. Siiw{. ef f wtbh gbfqisbo wemlm. muqsmbhd qsbgm bh

eb Bhgbfh eilmnfhg. tebnm fw wem flm wblm smmowbhd wem %ebq,eiq bhmowmg" wbwnm i` FnmuEfnmr onfbo F`sbofh gbfqisbo wilm fhg `flmg lbhb,msbm( Wem ihd. smnmfmg bh wem

mfsnr hbhmwbm. bhon}gm mu}fnnr oefsdmg nrsbo fhg cnfoj fsdiw bh wem wrnm i` Flmsbofh ebq,

eiq. teboe dmhmsfwmg oihwsipmsr flihd smnbdbi}nr gmpi}w L}nbl bh qfswbo}nfs( Pbbwbhd

Bhgbf ìs wem sw wblm bh wem lbg,6221. Qfhkfcb LO oinnfcisfwmg tbwe hfwbpm Q}hkfcb l}b,

obfh( Oihmv}mhwnr. em smnmfmg eb sw lfkis ebw bhdnm bh wem ](J( bh 6224. Lbs{f Qfsw

3. teboe lbum Q}hkfcb, fhg Mhdnbe,nfhd}fdm nrsbo( Lism smomhwnr. Qfhkfcb ef oinnfcisfwmg

67 @is lism ih Qfhkfcb LO cfojdsi}hg. mm ewwq;))ttt(chf,dmslfhr(oil)qfhkfcb(ewln9&N


16/28

tbwe wem F`sbofh,Flmsbofh sfqqms. Kfr,[. ih wem ebdenr }oom`}n Cmtfsm i` wem Cir

bhdnm bh 311?. we} qsiqmnnbhd ebl wi bhwmshfwbihfn `flm fhg wfsgil(

_blbnfsnr. wem Fbfh G}c @i}hgfwbih %FG@" i`wmh bhoisqisfwm l}bofn bhws}lmhw.

lmnigbm. fhg cmfw `sil _i}we Fbf. F`sbof. fhg wem Tmw bh rhosmwbwbo `febih( Wem cfhg.

teboe wfswmg i}w f f oill}hbwr ri}we isdfhb{fwbih. smoisgmg wembs sw fnc}l bh 6227(

FG@ b gbsmownr bhpinpmg bh fhwb,sfobw fowbpbl fhg mlqefb{m oillih oihomsh i` F`si,

Ofsbccmfh fhg _i}we Fbfh bh wembs ihd fhg wfwmlmhw( _mpmsfn i` FG@ ihd efpm

_i}we Fbfh gbfqisbo wemlm. }oe f Smcmn Tfssbis. teboe tf smnmfmg bh 622=(

Cbgsieb. f qiml tsbwwmh bh wem 6231 cr Jf{b Hf{s}n Bnfl. fh fgpiofwm ìs Bhgbfh Bhgm,

qmhgmhom. bhqbsmg wem ihd. teboe ìo}m ih pfsbi} ìsl i` qsmk}gbom fhg gbosblbhfwbih

gbsmowmg fdfbhw _i}we Fbfh bh wem oihwmlqisfsr ](J( FG@ cmw,mnnbhd 311? fnc}l.

Mhmlr i` wem Mhmlr. oihwfbh wem wsfoj @iswsm M}siqm. teboe b f cnbwmsbhd osbwbv}m i`

smwsbowbpm bllbdsfwbih qinbobm bh Csbwfbh fhg iwems oi}hwsbm(

Nbjm lfhr fhwb,sfobw oflqfbdhms bh wem ](J(. lmlcms i` FG@ fgpiofwm wefw wem iob,

iqinbwbofn ofwmdisr i` cnfoj ei}ng bhon}gm _i}we Fbfh. fnihd tbwe F`si,Ofsbccmfh%_tmhgmhc}sd. 3116"( @i}hgbhd lmlcms Qfhgbw D %Kieh Qfhgbw" oihwmhg wefw cnfoj,bhmowmg

bgmhwbwbm ìs Csbwbe Fbfh oihpmr ciwe oiinhm fhg f ofqfobwr ìs smcmnnbih( Wemsm b

hi wsihd tebwm Tmwmsh hiwbih i` oiin flihdw ri}we %bh Csbwfbh". em icmspm( Nfsdmnr

cnfoj bgmhwbwr b lbumg }q tbwe cmbhd fhwb,mwfcnbelmhw %v}iwmg bh Iwoemw. 311?"(

Csbwbe Fbfh Hmdiwbfwbhd Cnfojhm

_iobfn obmhwbw efpm qmo}nfwmg ih wem }hgmsnrbhd smfih ter gbfqisbo _i}we Fbfh bh

wem ](J( %mqmobfnnr ri}hd lfnm" bhosmfbhdnr fsm oihws}owbhd cnfoj,bhmowmg bgmhwbwbm.

tebnm fw wem flm wblm wmhgbhd wi fpibg fhr muqnbobw mn`,bgmhwbofwbih f cnfoj( Dbnsir

%6254" icmspm wefw cnfoj wrnm. l}bo. gsm. gfhom `febih. fhg nfhd}fdm cmoilm f gm,

wmslbhbhd ìsom efqbhd wem wrnm. l}bo. gsm. gfhom. `febih. fhg nfhd}fdm i` }scfh Csbwfbh

f f teinm %q( 6=="( E}v %3110" oihwmhg wefw Csbwbe Fbfh fsm smoihd}sbhd tefw bw

lmfh wi cm Fbfh cr fgiqwbhd }scfh cnfoj wrnbwbo oigm }oe f Flmsbofh ebq,eiq gmsbpmg

`febih fhg nfhd}fdm. i`wmh bsihbofnnr %q( 37"( Eitmpms. L}nbl fhg Ebhg} _i}we Fbfh

fqqfsmhwnr efpm fgiqwmg }oe cnfoj,bhmowmg ebq,eiq bgmhwbwbm ìs }cwfhwbfnnr gb``msmhw

smfih: smqihgbhd wi wembs ith qfswbo}nfs iobfn)qmsihfn hmmg ìs oinnmowbpm,bgmhwbwr f`,

slfwbih. tebnm smfowbhd wi gbqfsfwm iobmwfn wmsmiwrqm bhpinpbhd wem bhwmsmowbih i` mwehb,

obwr. dmhgms. fhg smnbdbih(

_bdhbofhwnr. smmfsoe ef smpmfnmg wefw wem tebwm lfkisbwr bh Mhdnfhg bhosmfbhdnr qms,

ombpm _i}we Fbfh L}nbl tbwe dsmfw }qbobih fhg `mfs. pbmtbhd weml f wem }nwblfwmiwems( Nfsdmnr g}m wi wem smnfwbpmnr smomhw wmssisbw fwwfoj bh Hmt Risj Obwr bh 3116 fhg

Nihgih bh 311=. L}nbl ri}hd lmh bh qfswbo}nfs fsm bhosmfbhdnr wmsmiwrqmg f lbnbwfhw.

fddsmbpm. fhg lfoei( Bhgmmg. wemsm b f qinfsb{mg smqsmmhwfwbih i` Fbfh L}nbl

lmh f mbwems Bnflbo `}hgflmhwfnbw is gs}d,smnfwmg osblbhfn %Sflkb. 3114. q( 664?"(

C}w tebnm q}cnbo gboi}sm bh Csbwfbh i`wmh fwwsbc}wm }oe hmdfwbpm erqms,lfo}nbhm wsfbw

wi ri}hd L}nbl lfnm. iwems _i}we Fbfh %qfswbo}nfsnr Ebhg}" wmhg wi cm qmsombpmg cr

wem lfkisbwr f m``mlbhfwm. g}m lfbhnr wi wembs liwnr lbggnm onf wfw} fhg qibwbpm

smq}wfwbih f foebmpms bh oeiin %Fsoems( 3116. q( 56"(

Bh wem ofm i` L}nbl ri}we. wem wsfhhfwbihfn bgmhwbwr i` cmbhd L}nbl ef liwnr },

qmsmgmg wem wsfh,mwehbo Csbwbe oihomqw i` hih,tebwm efpbhd f cnfoj bgmhwbwr. fw nmfw

363




17/28

tbwebh Csbwfbh iòbfn gmlidsfqebo gboi}sm %Gtrms. 6222"( Hmpmswemnm. cnfoj,bhmowbih

efpm oihwbh}mg }hfcfwmg tbwebh Csbwbe L}nbl bgmhwbwbm fhg mpmh dsith lism fo}wm bh

smomhw rmfs. g}m fqqfsmhwnr wi wem fqqmfn i` oiin cnfoj blfdmsr fhg }fpm %b(m(. silfhwb,

ob{mg" gmqbowbih i` lfo}nbhbwr bh ebq,eiq( Nbjm wem nfhd wmsl ebq. wem }co}nw}sfn oihomqw

i` oiin smqiswmgnr ef F`sbofh Gbfqisbo)F`sbofh,Flmsbofh isbdbh(6= Lmfhbhd`}nnr. f

hmt ercsbgb{mg bgmhwbwr ef mlmsdmg bh Tmwmsh M}siqm wefw b i`wmh gmosbcmg f Oiin B,

nfl. teboe b gmbdhmg wi qsiliwm f lism ligmsh. gmobgmgnr nm `}hgflmhwfnbw oinnmowbpm

bgmhwbwr ìs ri}hd L}nbl lmh bh qfswbo}nfs %_fsgfs. 3110"( @sflbhd Bnfl f oiin b fh

fqqfsmhw fwwmlqw wi oi}hwmsfow qiq}nfs wmsmiwrqm i` L}nbl ri}hd lmh f ipmsnr wsfgbwbihfn.

fhwb,Tmwmsh. q}sbwfhbofn. lmhfobhd. fhg iobfnnr,smqsmmg( Bh lfhr smqmow. Oiin Bnfl

b gbsmownr nbhjmg wi ebq,eiq fhg f cnfoj,bhmowmg bgmhwbwr wefw b smmowmg bh wem l}bofn

wfwm. pfn}m. fhg fwwbw}gm i` Csbwbe L}nbl ri}hd lmh(

Bh Dsmfw Csbwfbh fhg iwems Tmw M}siqmfh oi}hwsbm. oiin %b(m(. cnfoj,bhmowmg" L}nbl

`febih efpm mlmsdmg smomhwnr wefw bhoisqisfwm rhosmwbwbo ebq,eiq)Bnflbo nidfh ih

oinis`}n w,ebsw. kfojmw. fhg cfmcfnn ofq. teboe fsm i wmh tsbwwmh bh Fsfcbo osbqw( Muflqnmbhon}gm Bnfl 7 Smfn. Qsiqmswr i` Fnnfe. fhg 6 ]llfe( Ebq,eiq. teboe oihhiwm

mhnbdewmhlmhw %ebq" tbwe `}h %eiq". mml wi cm wfbnis,lfgm ìs wem hmt Oiin Bnfl( Fooisg,

bhd wi _fsgfs %3110";

Oiin Bnfl muqsmm bw bgmhwbwr wesi}de ebq,eiq fhg sfq. fhg b emfpbnr bh}mhomg cr

fh }hgmsdsi}hg L}nbl ebq,eiq lipmlmhw bh wem ](_Oiin Bnfl }m ebq,eiq wi

oihpmr f qinbwbofn fhg smnbdbi} lmfdm; fnn L}nbl fsm }hbwmg: Bnfl b f qsfdlfwbo

fhg sfwbihfn `fbwe: L}nbl fsm hiw emnqnm pbowbl. c}w efpm osmfwbpm tfr wi smbw

fhg }cpmsw blqmsbfnbl(

Bh oihwsfw. hih,L}nbl Csbwbe Fbfh ri}we fqqfsmhwnr efpm fgiqwmg ebq,eiq fhg cnfoj,bhmowmg bgmhwbwbm liwnr wi oi}hwmsfow mmlbhdnr qibwbpm wmsmiwrqm ì}hg bh wem ](J(

fhg iwems oi}hwsbm( Lfbsf %3111" hiwm wefw Bhgbfh Ebhg} ri}hd lmh fsm i`wmh wrqmofw f

qfbpm fhg mlfo}nfwmg. tebnm cnfoj %F`sbofh" lmh fsm wrqmofw f muebcbwbhd erqms,lfo},

nbhm qmsihfnbwbm fhg gmlmfhis( _}oe iobfnnr,oihws}owmg lfoebli cmoilm wem ickmow

i` sfobfnb{mg gmbsm. fhg bl}nwfhmi}nr. i` sfobfnb{mg `mfs %q( ??4"( _blbnfsnr. Mdnfe %3113"

icmspm wefw Bhgbfh lfnm fsm i`wmh wmsmiwrqmg f hmsg. we} cmbhd qmsombpmg f ipmsnr

oihomshmg tbwe qsi`mbihfn fgpfhomlmhw fhg nfojbhd qfbih fhg mu}fn qsitm( Mmhwbfnnr.

wemr fsm gmqbowmg f wem iqqibwm i` ebq fhg oiin g}m. bh nfsdm lmf}sm. wi wembs fnnmdmg

}cmspbmhw. mliwbihnm. fhg obso}lqmow gmlmfhis( Wei}de tebwm lfkisbwbm fsm i`wmh

`fobhfwmg cr wem fnnmdmg qbsbw}fnbwr i` Ebhg} _i}we Fbfh. }oe qiswsfrfn ìo} ih wemmuiwbo is wsfhdm %b(m(. fnbmh" fqmow i` Ebhg} smnbdbi} qsfowbom( Bh oihwsfw. cnfoj wrnm

b `sflmg f wem mlcigblmhw i` f}wemhwbobwr. qihwfhmbwr. fhg niofnb{mg smcmnnbih. qfswbo}nfsnr

bh wem d}bm i` ebq,eiq( @innitbhd web nidbo. tebwm fsm iobfnnr qibwbihmg cmwtmmh wem wti

muwsmlm i` cnfoj qsblbwbpbl fhg Isbmhwfn sfwbihfnbl)muiwbobl(

We}. Ebhg},Bhgbfh lfnm nbpbhd bh gbfqisf fsm smnfwbpmnr qsihm wi mlcsfom ebq,eiq.

serwel fhg cn}m. smddfm. gfhomefnn. fhg iwems cnfoj dmhsm i` l}bo bh isgms wi qfswbfnnr

emg wembs muiwbob{mg wfw} fhg m``mowbpmnr foebmpm f smgmhmg mhm i` o}nw}sfn mv}bnbcsb}l

6= @is bhwfhom. Flmsbofh cnfoj kf{{ l}bobfh fhg wembs `fh sw qiq}nfsb{mg oiin g}sbhd wem 6271: gmhbhd

bw f f nfbg cfoj wrnm wefw tf blqnbobwnr nbhjmg wi wembs gbfqisbo isbdbh(

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18/28

bh wembs mwehi,smnbdbi},dmhgms bgmhwbwbm( Smkmowbhd wembs wsfgbwbih,ci}hg. gmmu}fnb{mg

q}cnbo qmsihf. wemr fsm hmdiwbfwbhd fhg smoihws}owbhd wembs oinnmowbpm bgmhwbwr cr mlcsfobhd

wem ipmsnr mu}fnb{mg. cnfoj,bhmowmg }co}nw}sm i` ebq,eiq(

Dnicfn Gmb Ebq,Eiq Hmwtisj

Oinnmowbpm bgmhwbwr hmdiwbfwbih fsm mpbgmhw bh wem monmowbo qms islfhom i` wem Csbwbe Bhgbfh

GK)sfqqms. Fqfoem Bhgbfh %_mpmh Jfq}s"( Emfpbnr bh}mhomg cr smddfm fhg iwems cnfoj Kf,

lfbofh dmhsm i` l}bo. em i`wmh wifw %sfq" bh Kflfbofh qfwib c}w fni flqnm Bhgbfh

l}bo `sil Cinnrtiig %b(m(. Bhgbf Ebhgb,nfhd}fdm nl bhg}wsr"( Ebdenr oefsblfwbo

fhg l}nwbo}nw}sfn bh eb q}cnbo qmsihf. eb wfdm,hflm m``mowbpmnr rhwemb{m Mfw Bhgbfh

gbfqisbo isbdbh tbwe fh Flmsbofh Bhgbfh smqsmmhwfwbih( Wem wbwnm i` eb sw fnc}l. Hi

Smmspfwbih %622?". smmow web o}nw}sfn g}fnbl tbwe bsihbo tbw( Hiwfcnr. wem fnc}l tf

smoisgmg fw Cic Lfsnmr w}gbi bh Jbhdwih. Kflfbof( Wem fnc}l bhon}gm sfq fci}w oih,

wsipmsbfn b}m wefw smnfwm gbsmownr wi wem Bhgbfh)Gmb Gbfqisf. bhon}gbhd fssfhdmg lfssbfdm.wem ofwm rwml. sfobl. fhg FBG_( Ih wem fnc}l Wblm ìs Oefhdm %311=". em oilcbhm

Sfwf`fsbfh,bh}mhomg ihd }oe f Ofnnbhd wi Kfe tbwe Ebhg},wemlmg ihd }oe f

Il H}lfe _ebpfrf(

Smw}shbhd wi eb gbfqisbo eilmnfhg bh 622?. Fqfoem Bhgbfh qmsìslmg ìs wmh i` wei},

fhg i` _i}we Fbfh `fh fhg tf dsmmwmg cr Lfefwlf Dfhgeb dsfhggf}dewms. tei

oilqfsmg eb qiwmhwbfn bh Bhgbf wi wefw i` ems dsfhg`fwems %Lbwoemnn. 3116. q( 0?"( Qfsfgiu,

bofnnr. Fqfoem Bhgbfh wfdm bgmhwbwr ef cmmh `sflmg wi bhon}gm f oihwmlqnfwbpm Ebhg}

Bhgbfh lrwbo)qinmlbobw. fh fddsmbpm Hfwbpm Flmsbofh wsbcfn tfssbis. fhg f pbsbnm)erqms,

lfo}nbhm cnfoj,Kflfbofh gfhomefnn sfqqms(

Blqiswfhwnr. wem Gmb,Ebhg} gbfqisbo ebq,eiq omhm ef cniilmg hiw ihnr bh wem ](J(.

c}w fni bh wem ](_( fhg iwems oi}hwsbm wefw efpm bdhbofhw _i}we Fbfh qiq}nfwbih(

Qsilbhmhw Gmb ebq,eiq fswbw cfmg bh wem ](_( bhon}gm Wem6_efhwb. GK Smjef. Lfnfcfs.

LO Jfcbs. GNi. fhg Jfslfor( Ebq,eiq ef qsipbgmg fh blqiswfhw i}wnmw ìs wem muqsmbih

i` _i}we Fbfh Flmsbofh bgmhwbwr. wfwm Fkfr Hfbs. f qsi`mis fw wem ]hbpmsbwr i`

Qmhhrnpfhbf tei b fh muqmsw ih Gmb ebq,eiq( Tm hi nihdms hmmg wi }oo}lc wi wem hfssit

gmhbwbih i` _i}we Fbfh Flmsbofhhm oihws}owmg ìs }( Ebq,eiq fnnit } wi gmhm

wem tisng f tm mm bw(60 Bh smomhw rmfs. mpmsfn Bhgbfh,Flmsbofh ebq,eiq fswbw efpm oin,

nfcisfwmg onimnr tbwe wembs ebq,eiq oi}hwmsqfsw bh Csbwfbh. fnihd tbwe qiq}nfs l}bobfh

fhg smoisg qsig}oms bh Bhgbf( F f sm}nw. wemr efpm ìsdmg hmt wsfhhfwbihfn hmwtisj

nbhjfdm fhg fnnbfhom wefw efpm `fobnbwfwmg wem dsitwe i` f Gmb,gbfqisbo bgmhwbwr wefw bhon}gm

ciwe _i}we Fbfh,Ebhg} fhg cnfoj bhmowbih(Qsilbhmhw Gmb ebq,eiq LO. Wem6_efhwb %Lfsji G}wwf". tf cish bh Csiijnrh wi Bhgbfh,

Flmsbofh qfsmhw c}w gmpmniqmg f wsihd bhwmsmw bh ebq,eiq fw f ri}hd fdm( Wem wbwnm i` eb

sw fnc}l. Cnfuqnibwfwbih %3111". smpmfnmg wsihd f`hbwbm tbwe F`sbofh,Flmsbofh o}nw}sm

fhg smnfwmg l}nwbo}nw}sfn oihomqwbih i` cnfojhm( Em kibhmg wem Gmb ebq,eiq oinnmowbpm.

wem G}l G}l Qsikmow %GGQ" bh 3116. teboe smnmfmg wem ercsbg,mhwbwnmg fnc}l. _qbsbw}fn

Cnbhd( Cr oilcbhbhd qbsbw}fn tbwe cnbhd %b(m(. ebq,eiq nfhd ìs fer is iwmhwfwbi}

kmtmnsr". wem fnc}l b `sflmg f f o}nw}sfn rhwemb i` wti mmlbhdnr fhwbwemwbofn fwwsbc}wm;

60 V}iwmg bh Gmb Ebq,Eiq. fpfbnfcnm ihnbhm fw

ewwq;))ttt(nbwwnmbhgbf(oil)hmt)6?4)FSWBONM)6?71)3110,61,63(ewln

367




19/28

Ebhg} muiwbobl fhg ebq,eiq f}wemhwbobwr( Wem6_efhwb sfqqmg ih lfhr i` wem fnc}l wsfoj.

bhon}gbhd wem qiq}nfs 311? bhdnm. Q}hkfcb @bpm,1( Wem bhdnm. teboe oilcbhm Bhgbfh

sfdf l}bo tbwe ebq,eiq cmfw. v}bojnr {iilmg wi /6 ih wem CCO Sfgbi Ihm oefsw( G}sbhd

eb wbhw tbwe GGQ. Wem6_efhwb smniofwmg wi Nihgih fhg cmdfh oinnfcisfwbhd tbwe hiwmg Bh,

gbfh nl oilqims fhg smoisg qsig}oms. F(S( Sfelfh. fhg pfsbi} Cinnrtiig bhdms }oe

f Fef Q}wenb( F`wms wsfpmnbhd muwmhbpmnr fhg qsiliwbhd Gmb ebq,eiq `}bih bh L}lcfb.

Cfhdjij. Nihgih. Hmt Risj. fhg iwems dnicfn obwbm. ebq,eiq qbihmmsbhd gbfqisbo dig,

`fwems. F`sbjf Cflcffwff. g}ccmg Wem6_efhwb Bhgbf Cflcffwff bh 3110( Ebq eiq b wem

liw bh}mhwbfn ìsom i` i}s dmhmsfwbih. Wem6_efhwb fbg bh smqihm wi cmbhd cmwitmg

wem eihisfsr wbwnm( Cflcffwff cnmbhd nmw lm jhit Bl qnfrbhd fh blqiswfhw sinm bh

q}ebhd wem ci}hgfsbm i` eit `fs ebq eiq ofh dsit(64

Ebq,Eiq D,Efg

@}h,Gf,Lmhwfn , ihm i` wem cmw,jhith Csbwbe _i}we Fbfh sfq dsi}q , mlmsdmg bh wemmfsnr hbhmwbm fhg tf isbdbhfnnr bdhmg cr Csbwbe Fbfh,ithmg fhg iqmsfwmg Hfwbih Smoisg(

Oilqimg i` moihg,dmhmsfwbih Csbwbe Qfjbwfhb L}nbl. wem cfhg mlqefb{m ciwe

F`siomhwsbo fhg Bnfliomhwsbo wemlm cr muqnbobwnr bgmhwb`rbhd tbwe wem Cnfoj Qfhwems fhg

wem Cnfoj L}nbl( Wem dsi}q 622? bhdnm Tsfwe i` wem Cnfoj Lfh. ìs bhwfhom. flqnm

f Lfnoinl U qmmoe fhg lbssis wem erqms,lfo}nbhm cnfoj sfdm i` lfhr Flmsbofh sfqqms(

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wmsl D,efg. teboe rhmsdbwbofnnr oilcbhm wem F`sbofh,Flmsbofh dfhdwf `sflm tbwe

wem L}nbl wmsl kbefg%teboe lmfh ws}ddnm is einr tfs"(

Nfcmnmg cr wem Csbwbe lmgbf f wem Fbfh Q}cnbo Mhmlr. @}h,Gf,Lmhwfn sfq fsm

bhqbsmg cr cnfoj lbnbwfhor c}w nrsbofnnr ìo} ih _i}we Fbfh)Lbggnm Mfwmsh b}m( Wei}de

wem hflm i` wem cfhg b f sm`msmhom wi Bnflbo `}hgflmhwfnbl. bw b wbmg qfsfgiubofnnr wi wem

mmlbhdnr oihwsfgbowisr wemlm i` qnmf}sm %`}h" fhg wei}dew %lmhwfn"( Wem cfhg

qsblfsr rlcin. wem osmomhw. mpijm hiw ihnr L}nbl gbfqisbo smnbdbi} blfdmsr. c}w fni

wem hfwbihfn fd i` wem lmlcms qfsmhwfn,Qfjbwfhb isbdbh %Emlihgefnde fhg Lmnpbnnm.

3116"( Wem cfhg flqnm Bhgbfh nl l}bo muwmhbpmnr. wemsmcr mmjbhd wi `}m F`sbofh,

Flmsbofh fhg _i}we Fbfh bgbil( _mpmsfn i` wem dsi}q cmw,jhith ihd %m(d(. Liwems

Bhgbf. Liwems F`sbof @mmgbhd _bwf Bhgbf" smmow gbfqisbo nihdbhd ìs fh fhomwsfn)o}n,

w}sfn eilmnfhg. we} lbssisbhd wem F`sbofh gbfqisbo `sflm mh}hobfwmg cr lfhr cnfoj sfqqms

bh wem ](_( Oi}hwsrlfh. nlmg bh Qfjbwfh cr lmlcms i` wem cfhg. hfssfwm wem wisr i`

f _i}we Fbfh lbdsfhw tei mhoi}hwms gbosblbhfwbih fhg }cwfhgfsg ei}bhd }qih fssbpbhd

bh wem qsilbmg nfhg i` Dsmfw Csbwfbh %Lbwoemnn. 3116"(Wem cfhg nmfg bhdms. Fjb Hftf{. smoi}hw bh f smomhw bhwmspbmt wefw em tf cish fhg

sfbmg bh f smnfwbpmnr lfnn Mhdnbe obwr wefw tf ebdenr mdsmdfwmg fhg i`wmh wish cr sfobfn

wsb`m( F f sm}nw i` muqmsbmhobhd iobfn muon}bih fhg umhiqeicbf gbsmownr. Hftf{ onfbl

wefw em gmobgmg wi gmgbofwm eb nb`m wi iqqibhd sfobl bh fnn bw ìsl( Bl i` f Qfjbwfhb

cfojdsi}hg c}w Bpm cmmh csi}dew }q bh Csfgìsg fhg wefw dbpm ri} f os}gms qinbwbofn pbmt.

em fr( Wem dsmfw smpin}wbih. is tefwmpms ri} tfhw wi ofnn bw. ef wi efqqmh bh wem Tmw

%v}iwmg bh _fbhb. 3117"(

64 V}iwmg bh F`sbjf Cflcffwff Qfm wem Wisoe Wi Wem6_efhwb F Bhgbf Cflcffwff. fpfbnfcnm ihnbhm fw

ewwq;))ttt(qsnmfq(oil)qs)704=0)

36=

GFPBG GSB__MN


20/28

Ihm i` wem lfbh wemlm ì}hg bh @}h,Gf,Lmhwfn l}bo b wem l}nwbo}nw}sfn `sflm i`

wem Fbfwbo cnfoj lfh , f erqms,lfo}nbhm. sfobfnb{mg,ercsbg niimnr cfmg ih wem wmfoebhd

i` Mnbkfe L}efllfg( Wem tebwm gmpbn. f Cnfoj L}nbl wmsl i` gmsbbih. b fnn}gmg wi bh

sfq cr wem cfhg fhg cnflmg ìs sfobfn iqqsmbih wesi}dei}w wem tisng( Mlcsfobhd ciwe

F`sbofh fhg Fbfh gbfqisbo `sflm bh wem ihd Wsbcfn Smpin}wbih. wem cfhg ofnn ìs f

cnfoj smpin}wbih `sil Jbhdwih wi Csbuwih. fhg `sil Cilcfr wi N(F(. wi wem sinn i` wem

gein %f wsfgbwbihfn Bhgbfh)Q}hkfcb gs}l"( Wem ihd. Lmmsf Lf{fc. muqnbobwnr mhgism

L}nbl qsbgm. f bnn}wsfwmg bh wem nrsbo. B tf cish f L}nbl. fhg Bl wbnn nbpbh f f

L}nbl)Lr qbsbw}fnbwr gmwmslbhm smfnbwr( Wem ìo} i` wem ihd b ih wem hmmg ìs qfh,

Bnflbo }hbwr fhg oinnmowbpm iqqibwbih wi Flmsbofh)Csbwbe)Oesbwbfh emdmlihr. qfswbo}nfsnr

tbwebh wem Lbggnm Mfw fhg _i}we Fbf( _}oe nrsbo `}swems gmlihwsfwm wem cfhg cmnbm` bh

f oillih Fbfh)F`sbofh)L}nbl ws}ddnm fdfbhw wem Tmw;

Bl f ingbms bh wem hflm i` Fnnfe. i q}w gith wem osi fhg qboj }q wem U

Cfoj bh wem gfr i` wem nfpm ebq ri} efg } tebqqmg. sfqmg fhg nrhoemgWiij ftfr wem V}sfh. ri} dfpm } f Cbcnm. wmnnbhd lm Km} b ofnnbhd

_mnnbhd lm ciij i` lfjm cmnbmpm wisbm temsm qmiqnm nbjm lm gihw mml wi efpm

dnisr

Wemrsm smwfbnbhd Oesbwbfhbwr fhg `mmgbhd ri} bhfhbwr

@}h,Gf,lmhwfn mlqnir smnfwbpmnr wsihd fhg fhdsr nfhd}fdm bh osbwbv}bhd wem Tmw fhg

mpmh oilqfsm Iflf cbh Nfgmh wi Fsdmhwbhm Lfsubw Mshmwi Oem D}mpfsf bh fw nmfw

ihm ihd %Oem Cbh". we} smpmfnbhd f smpin}wbihfsr wfhom witfsg wem ](J( fhg iwems

Tmwmsh oi}hwsbm( Cr sm`mssbhd wi ingbms i` Fnnfe. wem cfhg b `sflbhd wembs iobiqinbw,

bofn fdmhgf bh wem wsfgbwbihfn erqms,lfo}nbhm bgbil i` tfs( Wei}de @}h,Gf,Lmhwfn mml

wi wiq eisw i` fgpiofwbhd }bobgm cilcbhd fhg iwems wmssisbw wfowbo. pfsbi} ihd %liwhiwfcnr. Oiijciij GBR" qsiqim wefw wemsm b f lisfn mv}bpfnmhor cmwtmmh Tmwmsh

qsmmlqwbpm bhpfbih fhg fmsbfn cilcbhd oflqfbdh i` Lbggnm Mfwmsh oi}hwsbm ih wem ihm

efhg fhg }hoihpmhwbihfn fwwfoj ih Tmwmsh wfsdmw cr `s}wsfwmg. fnbmhfwmg L}nbl ih wem

iwems( Bw nbjm f lff tei fr ìs } wi gi fhrwebhd b nmdbwblfwm c}w fhr smbwfhom witfsg

} b bnnmdbwblfwm. Hftf{ onfbl bh f 3110 bhwmspbmt( _i ri} efpm nmdfnb{mg wmssisbl fhg

bnnmdfn wmssisbl %v}iwmg bh Csith fhg Wissm. 3110"(

Iwems Csbwbe L}nbl sfqqms ipmswnr qsiliwm f sfgbofn Bnflbw bgminidr bh wembs ihd

fhg pbgmi( @is bhwfhom. Cnfjwihm b f l}nwbmwehbo ebq,eiq dsi}q tbwe gbfqisbo siiw bh

Qfjbwfh. _sb Nfhjf. fhg mpmsfn iwems oi}hwsbm( _ilm muqmsw efpm hiwmg wefw Cnfjwihm

nrsbo lbssis wem pbmt i` Eb{c }w,Wfesbs %Qfswr i` Nbcmsfwbih" , f qfh,Bnflbw qinbwbofnlipmlmhw wefw fgpiofwm wem smmwfcnbelmhw i` fh Bnflbo Jefnb`fe %ofnbqefwm". b(m(. f

wemiosfwbo mlqbsm s}nmg cr Bnflbo nft %IHmbnn. 3110"( Wem cfhg i`wmh mlqefb{m wem hmmg

ìs f }hbwmg }llfe %is oill}hbwr i` L}nbl cmnbmpms" wi wfhg bh iqqibwbih wi cnfqeml,

i} Tmwmsh hfwbih wemr gmosbcm f j}``fs %}hcmnbmpms"( Nrsbo `sil wem ihd. Csbhd

Cfoj Bnfl. bhon}gm wem ìnnitbhd;

Hi Jefnb`fe( Temsm fsm tm emfgbhd9 Tbwei}w Bnfl tmsm wsmbhd. blqnmlmhw Fnnfe

cnmbhd. wefw tefw B fl fggsmbhd( Fqfsw `sil web j}``fsoemlm( csbhd Bnfl cfoj

wi wem omhm( Nmw }hbwm wem }llfe. ìnnitbhd ihnr wem V}sfh fhg wem _}hhfe( Mpmh

360




21/28

b` fnn wem j}``fs diw widmwems. wemr wbnn oi}nghw wiq web }llfe( Tm nipm Bnfl lism

wefh tm nipm nb`m(

Mpmh lism bgminidbofnnr muwsmlm wefh Cnfjwihm b wem Csbwbe,Qfjbwfhb ebq,eiq dsi}q.

_embje Wmssf fhg wem _i}n _fnfe Osmt( Wem pbgmi ìs wembs cmw,jhith ihd. Gbswr J}``fs.tf tbgmnr gbwsbc}wmg ih Ri}W}cm fhg iwems pbgmi,efsbhd bwm cmdbhhbhd bh @mcs}fsr

3117( Qfsfgiubofnnr. wem pbgmi `mfw}sm jb,lfjmg sfqqms wiwbhd ciwe d}h fhg wem V}sfh(

Bh fh icpbi} fwwmlqw wi bhflm qfbih. wem pbgmi bhon}gm OHH pbgmi ìiwfdm i` Flms,

bofh ingbms dnmm`}nnr eiiwbhd L}nbl bh Bsfv. Oemoemh jbnnbhd S}bfh. fhg wem Wtbh

Witms muqnigbhd tebnm lfhbo nf}dewms b emfsg bh wem cfojdsi}hg( Witfsg wem cmdbhhbhd

i` wem pbgmi. wem ercsbgb{mg qesfm D,Efg fem ih wem osmmh. }qmsblqimg ih f

cfojdsi}hg i` fn,Vfbgf cnfoj fd( Lmfhbhd`}nnr. cbh Nfgmh b eith bh f `fpisfcnm nbdew.

lisqebhd bhwi f dsmfw nbih(

Bh wem pbgmi. wem sfqqms mhoi}sfdm wembs `mnnit L}nbl wi wesit weml %j}``fs" bh wem

sm temsm wemr tbnn c}sh. c}sh. c}sh( Ihm omhm eit f sifgbgm cilc cnitbhd }q fhFlmsbofh wfhj. tbwe wem ofqwbih jbnn wem os}fgms( _mpmsfn gb``msmhw qinbwbofn nmfgms `sil

fsi}hg wem tisng fsm nfcmnmg j}``fs bh wem pbgmi. bhon}gbhd Dmisdm T( C}e. Gihfng

S}l`mng. Wihr Cnfbs. Pnfgblbs Q}wbh. Fsbmn _efsih. fhg Eihb L}cfsfj( Ihm omhm bhon}gm

ìiwfdm i` Sihfng Smfdfh fwwmlqwmg ffbhfwbih( Wem pbgmi m``mowbpmnr `}m sfgbofn Kb,

efgbw blfdmsr tbwe ebq,eiq. wemsmcr bhoisqisfwbhd lfhr Flmsbofh sfq wemlm i` erqms,

lfo}nbhm sfdm. gmfhom. fhg d}hqnfr( We}. wem pbgmi dmhmsfwm f ercsbgb{mg cnfoj,bhmowmg

`sflm wefw b gmbdhmg wi fqqmfn wi gbfqisbo L}nbl ri}hd lmh bh qfswbo}nfs(

Bh oihwsfw. mpmsfn smnfwbpmnr ligmsfwm %rmw smnbdbi}nr icmspfhw" L}nbl ebq,eiq fswbw

bh Dsmfw Csbwfbh fhg mnmtemsm efpm ipmswnr smkmowmg wem fqqsifoe i` _embje Wmssf fhg iwems

muwsmlbw sfqqms( Sfjbh @mw}df i` wem Csbwbe L}nbl sfq cfhg. Lmoof3Lmgbhf %L3L".

ìs bhwfhom. oihwmhg wefw pbinmhw Kbefgbw fsm fwwmlqwbhd wi ebkfoj L}nbl ebq,eiq( Emfnnmdm wefw ihd }oe f Gbswr J}``fs ihnr `}mn gfhdmsi} wmsmiwrqm fci}w L}nbl

ri}we flihd wem Csbwbe qiq}nfom( F em muqnfbh. _ilm qmiqnm fow}fnnr cmnbmpm wefw

L}nbl fsm wmssisbw. k}w f ilm bdhisfhw ri}hd L}nbl cmnbmpm wefw pbinmhom b smnb,

dbi}nr k}wbmg( Bw b blqiswfhw wi mhdfdm tbwe wemm wti dsi}q %v}iwmg bh L}lbf. q(

3114"( Bh efsq oihwsfw wi lbnbwfhw Bnflbw ebq,eiq dsi}q qsiliwbhd f pbinmhw ws}ddnm

fdfbhw wem Tmw. lfhr i` wem ihd i` L3L `sflm Bnfl f f smnbdbih i` qmfom( Lismipms.

L3L mlqefb{m wefw wemr efpm L}nbl,gbfqisbo wbm tbwe ebq,eiq fswbw fsi}hg wem tisng(

@is bhwfhom. wem cfhg sm`ms wi Sfbefh , f ebdenr qiq}nfs Lfnfrbfh,L}nbl sfq dsi}q bh

wem ihd. Sfbefh Gi Ri} Jhit Ebl9 Mlqnirbhd cnfoj,bhmowmg)ebq,eiq fsdiw. L3L

sfq. Q(M(F(O(M Bnfl. Bnfl b fnn fci}w qmfom( L3L fhg Sfbefh bh wem ei}m(

Oihon}bih

Ipms wem qfw `mt gmofgm. wem qiq}nfsbwr i` ebq,eiq ef muqnigmg tisngtbgm fhg dmhmsfwmg

lrsbfg }c,dmhsm fhg l}bofn pfsbfwbih. wefhj bh nfsdm lmf}sm wi ercsbg muqmsblmhw

oihg}owmg cr }co}nw}sfn mhwsmqsmhm}s: b(m(. sfq l}bobfh fhg wembs `fh bh f pfsbmwr i`

dnicfn niofnm( Ri}hd qmiqnm i` gb``msmhw sfom. smnbdbih. fhg mwehbo cfojdsi}hg efpm

dsfpbwfwmg wi ebq,eiq. ìs f pfsbmwr i` qmsihfn. iobi,o}nw}sfn. fhg qinbwbofn smfih( Bh qfs,

wbo}nfs. lfhr Csbwbe _i}we Fbfh ri}hd lmh efpm cmmh mhwbomg cr ebq,eiq qmsombpmg

fcbnbwr wi dmhmsfwm smqmow fhg fglbsfwbih `sil wembs }co}nw}sfn qmms , liw hiwfcnr f

364

GFPBG GSB__MN


22/28

sfqqms. c,cir. dsf`wb fswbw. fhg jhitnmgdmfcnm fobihfgi fhg `fh i` wem oiinmw sfq

cfhg(

Bh m``mow. }oe ri}hd lmh fsm mmjbhd wi foo}l}nfwm }co}nw}sfn ofqbwfn. teboe sm`ms

wi wem bhwmsfowbpm qsiomm i` foebmpbhd bh,dsi}q qsmwbdm tbwebh f }co}nw}sm( Q}w blqnr.

}co}nw}sfn ofqbwfn oih`ms wfw} ih bw ithms bh wem mrm i` wem smnmpfhw cmeingms %Weishwih.

6224. q( 313"( Foos}bhd }co}nw}sfn ofqbwfn bhpinpm q}shbhd ciwe ebde,o}nw}sm wfhgfsg

fhg wem qiq,o}nw}sm lfbhwsmfl. tebnm lfbhwfbhbhd qmsihfn wfwm gmmlmg wi cm f}wemhwbo

cr ihm }co}nw}sfn qmms %Tmbh{bmsn fhg L}ddnmwih. 311?"( Wem qiwmhwbfn ìs foebmpbhd

}co}nw}sfn ofqbwfn. qfswbo}nfsnr temh gtmnnbhd tbwebh f oi}hwsr wefw wmsmiwrqm fhg lfsdbh,

fnb{m ri}. b }hgi}cwmgnr fnn}sbhd wi Csbwbe _i}we Fbfh(

Sfwems wefh cnbhgnr onihbhd wem F`sbofh,Flmsbofh ligmn. Csbwbe Fbfh sfqqms efpm

rhwemb{mg qfswbo}nfs `sflm i` dnicfn ebq,eiq tbwe wembs ith l}bofn wsfgbwbih. bgbil.

b}m. fhg rlcin( Wei}de Csbwfbh ebq,eiq }co}nw}sm ef lfhfdmg wi smwfbh l}oe i`

wem isbdbhfn cnfojhm fhg erqms,lfo}nbhbwr i` wem Flmsbofh fsoemwrqm. Gmb,gbfqisbo

sfqqms efpm m` mowbpmnr wsfhìslmg weim oefsfowmsbwbo wi muqsm wembs ith nbpmg smfnbwbm(Bhgmmg. web qfqms ef onmfsnr gmlihwsfwmg wefw l}oe i` wem fnn}sm i` Gmb ebq,eiq b cfmg

ih bw bhwblfwm fiobfwbih tbwe F`sbofh,gbfqisbo blfdmsr fhg fhdsr gmfhom bh wem `fom i`

fgpmsbwr. fnihd tbwe wem smnfwmg gbfqisbo `fobhfwbih tbwe f smfn is blfdbhmg eilmnfhg bh

_i}we Fbf( Qerbofnnr gmwfoemg `sil wembs hfwbpm fhomwsfn nfhg. Csbwbe Fbfh fqqmfs

mfdms wi bgmhwb`r tbwe web wemlm. f mpbgmhomg bh wem nrsbo i` Gmb sfq ihd fhg wmuw i`

bhwmspbmt fhfnr{mg bh web qfqms( Smoihwmuw}fnb{mg wi cmwwms smmow wem gmlidsfqebo fhg

iobiqinbwbofn oihgbwbih i` Dsmfw Csbwfbh. ebq,eiq ef cmmh fqqsiqsbfwmg cr Csbwbe Fbfh

wmmh fhg ri}hd fg}nw nbpbhd bh f wfwm i` iobfn muon}bih fhg o}nw}sfn }u( Bh mmhom. gbf,

qisbo ri}we fsm hmdiwbfwbhd tfr bh teboe wi crqf wembs smqmowbpm eiw oi}hwsr sm,

wsbowbpm iobfn wsfwbofwbih rwml(

Gbfqisbo `sflm efpm qnfrmg f lfkis sinm bh gb` }bhd niofnnr qsig}omg. smoihwmuw}fnb{mg

ìsl i` ebq,eiq flihd ri}hd Csbwbe Fbfh lmh( @fomg tbwe tbgmqsmfg qsmk}gbom fhg

moihilbo lfsdbhfnb{fwbih. lfhr efpm i}dew wi mwfcnbe wembs ith }hbv}m bgmhwbwbm wefw

smmow wem ercsbg oefsfowms i` wembs mubwmhom( Lipbhd cmrihg wem cbqinfs ligmn i` dnicfn

pms} niofn. wem oinnmowbpm bgmhwbwbm i` Csbwbe Fbfh smmow tefw Cefcef %6227" ef wmslmg

wem websg qfom bh teboe o}nw}sfn bgmhwbwbm fsm niofwmg. oihwmwmg. fhg mnfcisfwmg( Wem

qmsombpmg muiwbobl fiobfwmg tbwe lfhr gbfqisbo qmiqnm i` oinis b oilqi}hgmg cr wm,

smiwrqm wefw fsm qfswbo}nfsnr qsihi}homg smdfsgbhd Csbwbe Ebhg}( Wem ligmn lbhisbwr

wfd. wei}de dmhmsfnnr gmqbowmg f f qibwbpm wmsmiwrqm. qfsfgiubofnnr qmsqmw}fwm wem blfdm

i` Bhgbfh lmh f gmmu}fnb{mg. qfbpm. fhg gbmlcigbmg d}sm( Csbwbe Ebhg} ri}hd lmh

wmhg wi smmhw }oe gmqbowbih fhg fqqfsmhwnr hg infom bh f}lbhd f cnfoj,bhmowmg)lf,o}nbhm bgmhwbwr pbf ebq,eiq( Tfhwbhd wi cm qmsombpmg f ebq is oiin. }oe ri}we efpm

fqqsiqsbfwmg ebq,eiq f f lmfh ìs smoihd}sbhd wembs bgmhwbwr(

Bh oihwsfw. Csbwbe L}nbl ri}we fqqmfs wi efpm osmfwmg. mlcsfomg. fhg oih}lmg cnfoj,

bhmowmg ebq,eiq l}bo fhg smnfwmg oilligbwbm ìs iwems smfih( Qsicfcnr f lfkisbwr i`

Csbwbe L}nbl ri}we bgmhwb`r tbwe ebq,eiq f f wsfwmdbo lmfh ìs oi}hwmsfowbhd hmdfwbpm

wmsmiwrqm wefw gmqbow weml f wesmfwmhbhd fhg ipmsnr wsfgbwbihfn %b(m(. iobfnnr smqsmmg"(

L}nbl ebq,eiqqms bh wem ](J( efpm we} bhoisqisfwmg F`sbofh)Fbfh)Lbggnm Mfwmsh `sflm

bhwi f csifgnr gmhmg cnfoj,bhmowmg qebniiqer. teboe b gmbdhmg wi cinwms wembs mlmsdbhd

wsfhhfwbihfn L}nbl bgmhwbwr( Web bgmhwbwr b smfowbpm bh ilm smqmow. cmbhd f oinnmowbpm

365




23/28

smqihm wi Bnfliqeicbf. qipmswr. kic gbosblbhfwbih. ipmsositgmg ei}bhd bh wem Csbwbe

eiig. fhg smnfwmg iobfn qsicnml ì}hg bh Dsmfw Csbwfbh(

Wem Oiin Bnfl lipmlmhw. f muqsmmg bh ebq,eiq fhg smnfwmg `febih wsmhg. `sflm

L}nbl ri}we f ebq fhg m``mowbpmnr Tmwmsh,isbmhwmg: we} mmjbhd wi oi}hwms hmdfwbpm

wmsmiwrqm i` L}nbl ri}hd lmh f bhemsmhwnr `}hgflmhwfnbw. gfhdmsi}. fhg q}sbwfhbofn(

Ih wem iwems efhg. sfgbofn Csbwbe L}nbl efpm m``mowbpmnr }wbnb{mg wem erqms,lfo}nbhm

blfdm i` wem dfhdwf teboe ef cmmh dnflisb{mg bh ebq,eiq ìnjnism ìs rmfs. f f hmt

rlcin i` }co}nw}sfn gmfhom gbsmowmg witfsg wem Tmw( Bh m``mow. wem bhhms,obwr we}d ef

cmoilm wem dnicfn smpin}wbihfsr ìs lfhr fnbmhfwmg L}nbl ri}hd lmh(

Bh }l. gbfqisbo _i}we Fbfh fsm m``mowbpmnr niofwmg bh wem Csbwbe l}nwbo}nw}sfn {ihm i`

mwehi,sfobfn flcbd}bwr fhg fsm fwwmlqwbhd wi smhmdiwbfwm wembs oinnmowbpm bgmhwbwbm( Csbwbe

Fbfh ri}hd lmh fqqmfs wi cm mmjbhd fh f}wemhwbo mhm i` hfwbihfn mhwbwnmlmhw fhg o}nw}sfn

cmnihdbhd( Ebq,eiq. tbwe bw l}nwbpfsbfwm oihhiwfwbih. csbhd weml web f`slfwbih. fncmbw

bh }co}nw}sfn ìsl( Mlcsfobhd f cnfoj,bhmowmg lfo}nbhm bgmhwbwr pbf ebq,eiq b ihm }sm

tfr wi fmsw f lism grhflbo qmsihf. oefnnmhdm f}weisbwr. bhìslfnnr smdbwms gbmhw. fhgblqnbobwnr gm`r wmsmiwrqm ciwe hmdfwbpm fhg qibwbpm( Bh web mhm. oilqnmu ercsbg

bgmhwbwbm fsm cmbhd oihws}owmg bh wem oihwmuw i` }co}nw}sfn pfn}m fhg gbfqisbo gboi}sm.

gsftbhd bl}nwfhmi}nr `sil _i}we Fbfh. F`sbofh,Flmsbofh. fhg Csbwbe `sflm i` sm msmhom(

Sm`msmhom

Fnbl. E( _flr( 311=( F hmt smmfsoe fdmhgf; Muqnisbhd wem wsfhdnicfn ebq,eiq }llf( Bh L}nbl

Hmwtisj; @sil Efkk wi Ebq Eiq( Mg( Lbsbfl Oiijm fhg Cs}om Nftsmhom Oefqmn Ebnn fhg

Nihgih; Wem ]hbpmsbwr i` Hiswe Ofsinbhf Qsm(

Fnnmh. Mshmw Ks( 6220( Lfjbhd wem wsihd }spbpm wem oihwi}s fhg oihwsfgbowbih i` lmfdm sfq(

Bh Gsiqqbh _obmhom; Osbwbofn Mfr ih Sfq L}bo fhg Ebq Eiq O}nw}sm( Mg( Tbnnbfl Msbo

Qmsjbh( Qebnfgmnqebf; Wmlqnm ]hbpmsbwr Qsm(

Fhgsi}wiqi}ni. Kfhhb fhg Fshi _oein{( 3113( Ih wem smoihwmuw}fnb{fwbih i` ebq eiq bh M}siqmfh

qmmoe oill}hbwbm; F oihwsfwbpm fhfnrb i` sfq nrsbo( Q}cnbemg ihnbhm fw

ttt(`},cmsnbh(gm)qebh)qebh62)q62w6(ewl

Fhtfs L}efllfg( 6225( Cmwtmmh O}nw}sm; Oihwbh}bwr fhg Oefhdm bh wem Nbpm i` Ri}hd Fbfh(

Nihgih; Si}wnmgdm(

Fsoems. Ni}bm( 3116( L}nbl csiwems. cnfoj nfg. wsfgbwbihfn Fbfh; Csbwbe L}nbl ri}hd lmh

oihws}owbih i` sfom. smnbdbih. fhg lfo}nbhbwr( @mlbhbl fhg Qroeinidr 66%6"; 42,61=(

Cmhhmww. Fhgr( 6222( Sfqqbh ih wem Wrhm; Tebwm ebq eiq o}nw}sm bh hiswemfw Mhdnfhg; fh mwehi,

dsfqebo w}gr( _iobinidbofn Smpbmt 74;6,3=(

Cefcef. Efhhf( 6227( Wem Niofwbih i` O}nw}sm( Nihgih; Si}wnmgdm(

Cirg. Wigg( 311?( Wem Hmt E(H(B(O( %Emfg Hbddf bh Oefsdm"; Wem Gmfwe i` Obpbn Sbdew fhg wemSmbdh i` Ebq Eiq( Hmt Risj ]hbpmsbwr Qsm( Hmt Risj fhg Nihgih(

Csith. Lfsj fhg N}o Wissm( 3110( D,efg fhg }bobgm cilcms; wem sfqqms tei nbjmh Cbh Nfgmh

wi Oem D}mpfsf( Wem D}fsgbfh( Fpfbnfcnm ihnbhm fw

ewwq;))ttt(d}fsgbfh(oi(}j)}j)3110)k}h)35)fsw(wmssisbl

Omfsb. Kiomnrhm( 3117( Temh Bnfl fhg Gmliosfor Lmmw; L}nbl bh M}siqm fhg bh wem ]hbwmg _wfwm(

Hmt Risj; Qfndsfpm(

Oiemh. Q( 6255( Wem qmspmsbih i` bhemsbwfhom; w}gbm bh wem lfjbhd i` l}nwbsfobw Csbwfbh( Bh _iobfn

Oefhdm fhg wem Lbggnm Onfm( Mg( Q( Oiemh fhg E(_( Cfbh( Nihgih; ]ON Qsm(

Oishmtmnn. Dsfhw fhg Mpm Tfne _wiggfsg( 3116( Dnicfn L}nwbo}nw}sfnbl; Oilqfsfwbpm Qmsqmowbpm

ih Mwehbobwr. Sfom. fhg Hfwbih( Nfhefl. Lfsrnfhg; Sitlfh fhg Nbwwnmmng Q}cnbems(

362

GFPBG GSB__MN


24/28

GmDmhipf. Hboj( 622=( Dfhdwf sfq fhg hbebnbl bh cnfoj Flmsbof; _ilm v}mwbih i` nb m fhg gmfwe(

_iobfn Wmuw7?; 52,6?3(

Gsrms. O( 6222( Oihwsfgbowbih i` oill}hbwr; v}mwbih i` bgmhwbwr ìs ri}hd Csbwbe L}nbl tilmh(

Mhpbsihlmhw fhg Qnfhhbhd?6; =?,05(

G}gsfe. Sfkbhgms J( 3113( Gs}l h gein 6; Csbwbe cefhdsf l}bo fhg gbfqisbo _i}we Fbfh bgmhwbwrìslfwbih( M}siqmfh Ki}shfn i` O}nw}sfn _w}gbm =(

Gtrms. Onfbsm( 3111( Hmdiwbfwbhd gbfqisbo bgmhwbwbm; Ri}hd Csbwbe _i}we Fbfh L}nbl tilmh(

Tilmh _w}gbm Bhwmshfwbihfn @is}l 3?%7". 74=,750(

Mgtfsg. Csmhw Efrm( 3116( Wem }m i` gbfqisf( _iobfn Wmuw62;6(

Mdnfe. Sih( 3113( Sfom. mu. fhg hmsg; @sil cnfoj dmmj wi Fbfh Flmsbofh ebqwms( _iobfn Wmuw

31%3"; 72,07(

@bw{qfwsboj. Kbl( 3114( Fhfnr{bhd ebq eiq gboi}sm f f nio} i` lmh nfhd}fdm( Wmuf Nbhd}bwbo

@is}l =6; 07,4?(

@islfh. L}ssfr( 3113( Wem Eiig Oilm @bsw; Sfom. _qfom. fhg Qnfom bh Sfq fhg Ebq,eiq(

Lbggnmwith. Oihhmowbo}w; Tmnmrfh ]hbpmsbwr Qsm(

Dmisdm. Hmnih( 6225( Ebq Eiq Flmsbof( Hmt Risj; Qmhd}bh Ciij(

Dbnsir. Qf}n( 6254( Wemsm Fbhw hi Cnfoj bh wem ]hbih Kfoj; Wem O}nw}sfn Qinbwbo i` Hfwbih( Nihgih;

E}woebhih(

Dbnsir. Qf}n( 622?( Wem Cnfoj Fwnfhwbo; Ligmshbwr fhg Gi}cnm Oihobi}hm( Oflcsbgdm. Lffoe},

mww; Efspfsg ]hbpmsbwr Qsm(

Di``lfh. Mspbhd( 6247( @sflm Fhfnrb. Oflcsbgdm; Efspfsg ]hbpmsbwr Qsm(

Efnbnf. _i}fg( 3115( F ebq,eiq pbmt i` Bnfl; Fmwemwbo smcmn 7 fhwb,fhwb,Bnflbl fhg 7 fhwb,fhwb,

Fsfcbl. Wem Bhwmshfwbihfn Ki}shfn i` wem E}lfhbwbm =%61"; ?=,73(

Emm. C(. G(J( Sfb. O( Cmhhmww. fhg Q( LoDbnoesbw( 6223( Cmhmfwe wem _}s`fom; Sfobfn Efsflmhw(

Fngmseiw; Fpmc}sr(

Emlihgefnde. Gfbpg fhg Ofqfs Lmnpbnnm( 3116( ]scfh csmfjcmfw o}nw}sm; smqmso}bih i` ebq,eiq

bh wem ]hbwmg Jbhdgil bh Dnicfn Hibm; Sfq fhg Ebq,Eiq I}wbgm wem ]_F( Mg( Wihr

Lbwoemnn( Hmt Risj; Nmbomwms ]hbpmsbwr Qsm; 50,661(E}v. S}qf( 3110( M}siqmfh ri}we o}nw}sm bh f qiw,oinihbfn tisng; Csbwbe Fbfh }hgmsdsi}hg fhg

@smhoe ebq,eiq l}bo omhm( Bh Dnicfn Ri}we9 Ercsbg Bgmhwbwbm. Qn}sfn Tisng( Mg( Qfl

Hbnfh fhg Ofsnm @mbuf( Hmt Risj; Si}wnmgdm(

Kiehwih. Efhj fhg Gfpbg _hit( 6225( _}co}nw}sm fhg wem mlmsdmhom i` wem Mwihbfh hfwbihfnbw

iqqibwbih 627=,6221( _iobinidbofn Qmsqmowbpm 76 %?"; 74?,724(

Jmrm. Oemsrn( 3113( Sfq L}bo fhg _wsmmw Oihobi}hm( ]scfhf. Bnnbhib; ]hbpmsbwr i` Bnnbhib

Qsm(

Jmrm. Oemsrn( 3115( Wem siiw fhg wrnbwbo ì}hgfwbih i` wem sfq l}bo wsfgbwbih( Bh Wem Ebq,Eiq

Smfgms( Mg( Wbl _wsigm fhg Wbl Tiig( Hmt Risj; Qmfsih Nihdlfh(

Jefh. [f`fs( 3111( L}nbl qsmmhom bh M}siqm; Wem Csbwbe gblmhbih , bgmhwbwr. bhwmdsfwbih fhg

oill}hbwr fowbpbl( O}ssmhw _iobinidr 75%7";32,7?(

Jbmnbhd. _oiww( 3117( Tefw gim f ìo} ih lmh nfhd}fdm wmnn } fci}w nfhd}fdm fhg tilfhqnfom9 Bh Nfhd}fdm fhg Tilfh Qnfom; Wmuw fhg Oillmhwfsbm. 332,3?0( Mg( Lfsr

C}oeinw{( Hmt Risj; Iuìsg ]hbpmsbwr Qsm(

Jnmbh. Dfcsbmnm( 311?( Blfdm. cir fhg qmsìslfwbpbwr; Wem oihwbw}wbih i` wem }co}nw}sfn qsfowbom bh

wem dnicfnb{mg tisng i` qiq( Bh Wem Qiw,_}co}nw}sm Smfgms( Mg( Gfpbg L}ddnmwih fhg

S}qmsw Tmbh{bmsn( Iuìsg fhg Hmt Risj; Cmsd(

Jioelfh. Weilf( 6243(Sfqqbh fhg _wrnbhi}w ; Oill}hbofwbih bh ]scfh Cnfoj Flmsbof( ]scfhf.

Bnnbhib; ]hbpmsbwr i` Bnnbhib Qsm(

NfCijmr. _fsf( 3116( Dmwwbhd i` ; Qiswsfrfn i` lfo}nbhbwr bh ebq eiq gfhom bh nl(Gfhom Smmfsoe

Ki}shfn??;3(

Nmnfhg. Kieh( 3117( Ebq; Wem Ebwisr( Hmt Risj; Efsqms Oinnbh(

N}nn. Kflm( 622=( Lmgbf. Oill}hbofwbih. O}nw}sm; F Dnicfn Fqqsifoe( Oflcsbgdm; Qinbor Qsm(

331




25/28

Lfbsf. _}hfbhf( 3111( Emhhf fhg ebq eiq; Wem qinbwbo i` o}nw}sfn qsig}owbih fhg wem tisj i` o}nw}sfn

w}gbm( Ki}shfn i` Fbfh Flmsbofh _w}gbm ?%?"; ?32,?02(

Lbwoemnn. Wihr( 3116( Dnicfn Hibm; Sfq fhg Ebq,Eiq I}wbgm wem ]_F( Hmt Risj; Nmbomwms ]hbpmsbwr

Qsm(

Ligiig. Wfsbv fhg @f}{bf Felfg( 3114( Csbwbe L}nbl qmsqmowbpm ih l}nwbo}nw}sfnbl( Wemisr.O}nw}sm fhg _iobmwr 37%3";654,36?(

Liwnmr. Ofsin L( fhg Dmsfngbhm Sif Emhgmsih( 3115( Wem dnicfn ebq,eiq Gbfqisf; ]hgmswfhgbhd

wem o}nw}sm. Ki}shfn i` C}bhm Smmfsoe 06; 37?,3=?(

L}lbf. Lboefmn( Fqsbn 0. 3114( Bnfl. sfq fhg o}nw}sfn efslihr( Wblm Ebdems Mg}ofwbih( Foommg

ihnbhm fw ewwq;))ttt(wblmebdemsmg}ofwbih(oi(}j)wisr(fq9wisrOigm


26/28

_tmgmhc}sd. Wmg( 3116( Bnflbo ebq,eiq p( Bnfliqeicbf( Bh Dnicfn Hibm; Sfq fhg Ebq,Eiq

I}wbgm wem ]_F( Mg( Wihr Lbwoemnn( Hmt Risj; Nmbomwms ]hbpmsbwr Qsm; =4,5=(

Weishwih. _fsfe( 6224( Wem iobfn nidbo i` }co}nw}sfn ofqbwfn( Bh Wem _}co}nw}sm Smfgms( Mg( Jmh

Dmngms fhg _fsfe Weishwih( Nihgih fhg Hmt Risj; Si}wnmgdm(

Tfww. Q fhg J( _wmhih( 6225( Wem wsmmw; bw f cbw gigdr fsi}hg wemsm( Bh Oiinqnfom ; Dmidsfqebmi` Ri}we O}nw}sm( Mg( Wsfomr _jmnwih fhg Dbnn Pfnmhwbhm( Nihgih fhg Hmt Risj; Si}wnmgdm(

Tmbh{bmsn. S}qmsw fhg Gfpbg L}ddnmwih( 311?( Tefw b qiw,}co}nw}sfn w}gbm fhrtfr9 Bh Wem

Qiw,_}co}nw}sm Smfgms( Mg( Gfpbg L}ddnmwih fhg S}qmsw Tmbh{bmsn( Iuìsg fhg Hmt

Risj; Cmsd(

Fci}w wem F}weis

Qsi`( Gfpbg Gsbmn

Gfpbg Gsbmn b f qsi`mis i` iobfn obmhom fw Bitf Omhwsfn Oill}hbwr Oinnmdm bh @isw

Gigdm. Bitf( Eb }hgmsdsfg}fwm tisj bhon}gmg f gi}cnm lfkis bh qinbwbofn obmhom fhg iob,inidr( Eb dsfg}fwm w}gbm ìo}mg ih oilqfsfwbpm qinbwbo. bhwmshfwbihfn smnfwbih. iobfn

oefhdm fhg gmpmniqlmhw. fhg iobfn lipmlmhw( Smmfsoe bhwmsmw bhon}gm wsfhhfwbihfn

iobfn lipmlmhw fhg oilq}wms,lmgbfwmg oill}hbofwbih. hfwbih)wfwm }hgmsdibhd qinbw,

bofn)moihilbo wsfhbwbih. ri}we }co}nw}sm fhg oinnmowbpm bgmhwbwbm. wem dnicfn qinbwbo i`

Bhwmshmw dipmshfhom. k}pmhbnm gmnbhv}mhor fhg }cwmssfhmfh pfn}m. gbfqisbo ri}we fhg iobfn

hmwtisjbhd. fhg wem sinm i` bhwmsfowbpm lmgbf fhg qiq}nfs o}nw}sm bh licbnb{bhd iobfn hmw,

tisj( Qsi`mis Gsbmn b f wti,wblm @}ncsbdew _oeinfs tei ef w}gbmg muwmhbpmnr bh

Oebhf fhg wem O{moe)_nipfj Smq}cnbo. flihd lfhr iwems oi}hwsbm( F `smv}mhw qmfjms

fhg oih`msmhom qfswbobqfhw. em ef efg mpmsfn qfqms q}cnbemg bh pfsbi} fofgmlbo ki}shfn

fhg oilqbnfwbih( Em b fh fn}lh} i` wem Iuìsg %]hbpmsbwr" Si}hgwfcnm bh Dsmfw Csbwfbh.temsm em qsmmhwmg f qfqms teboe tf nfwms q}cnbemg bh wem Oflcsbgdm Smpbmt i` Bhwmshf,

wbihfn F``fbs(

333




27/28

MGBWIS_

Lfsr Jfnfhw{b. ]hbpmsbwr i` Bnnbhib. ]scfhf,Oeflqfbdh. ]_F(Qf}n Kflm. Dnicfnbl Bhwbw}wm. SLBW ]hbpmsbwr. F}wsfnbf

MGBWISBFNFGPB_ISRCIFSGBmh Fhd. ]hbpmsbwr i` Tmwmsh _rghmr. _rghmr. F}wsfnbf(Kifhhf pfh Fhwtmsqmh. Smmfsoe fhg _wfwbwbo. Flwmsgfl. Wem Hmwemsnfhg(_fl}mn Fsihb. ]hbpmsbwr i` Ofnbìshbf. Ni Fhdmnm. ]_F(_}fh Csbgdm. ]hbpmsbwr i` Eihd Jihd. Eihd Jihd(

G}fhm Oeflqfdhm. ]hbpmsbwr i` Ofnbìshbf. Ni Fhdmnm. ]_F(D}iemhd R( Oemh. SLBW ]hbpmsbwr. Lmnci}shm. F}wsfnbf(Kioj Oinnbh. ]hbpmsbwr i` Wmoehinidr. _rghmr. F}wsfnbf(Cbnn Oiqm. ]hbpmsbwr i` Bnnbhib. ]scfhf,Oeflqfbdh. ]_F(Emfwems Lfsbih GOs}{. Gmfjbh ]hbpmsbwr. Dmmnihd. F}wsfnbf(Kflm Mfsnr. _lbweihbfh Bhwbw}wbih. Tfebhdwih. G(O(. ]_F(Gmhbm Mdf,J}mehm. Ni}bbfhf _wfwm ]hbpmsbwr. Cfwih Si}dm. ]_F(Flfsmtfs Dfnnf. ]hbpmsbwr i` V}mmhnfhg. Csbcfhm. F}wsfnbf(Dsmwem pfh Dm``mh. _mcf O}nw}}slfhfdmlmhw. Flwmsgfl. Wem Hmwemsnfhg(Cfssr Dbnn. Hmtofwnm ]hbpmsbwr. Hmtofwnm }qih Wrhm. ]J(Kfojbm E}ddbh. ]hbpmsbwr i` V}mmhnfhg. Csbcfhm. F}wsfnbf(Fhgsmt Kfj}citbo{. ]hbpmsbwr i` Wmoehinidr. _rghmr. F}wsfnbf(Qf}n Kflm. Dnicfnbl Bhwbw}wm. SLBW ]hbpmsbwr. Lmnci}shm. F}wsfnbf(Ef Kbhdubihd. Omhwsfn ]hbpmsbwr i` Hfwbihfnbwbm. Cmbkbhd. Oebhf(Lfsr Jfnfhw{b. ]hbpmsbwr i` Bnnbhib. ]scfhf,Oeflqfbdh. ]_F(Kfoj Nmpbh. Hiswemfwmsh ]hbpmsbwr. Ciwih. ]_F(Osbwbhf Qirfwi Lfwf. Dsb``bwe ]hbpmsbwr. Csbcfhm. F}wsfnbf(Qmwms LoNfsmh. ]hbpmsbwr i` Ofnbìshbf. Ni Fhdmnm. ]_F(Kim Lmnoems. Ufpbms ]hbpmsbwr i` Ni}bbfhf. Hmt Isnmfh. ]_F(Dsmd Lmrkm. _inbgfsb Bhwmso}nw}sfn _mspbom. @fnn Oe}soe. ]_F(Tfnwms Lbdhini. G}jm ]hbpmsbwr. G}sefl. ]_F(Csmhgfh INmfsr. ]hbpmsbwr i` Qmhhrnpfhbf. Qebnfgmnqebf. ]_F(Fbetf Ihd. ]hbpmsbwr i` Ofnbìshbf. Cmsjmnmr. ]_F(

Qmwms Qebqq. Dnicfnbl Bhwbw}wm. SLBW ]hbpmsbwr. Lmnci}shm. F}wsfnbf(Sihfng Qsbh. Ci mh Nillms Hmbdeci}seiig Oi}hobn. Flwmsgfl,Tmw. Wem Hmwemsnfhg(Qmwms _mnnfs. ]hbpmsbwr i` Ofnbìshbf. Ni Fhdmnm. ]_F(Lboefmn _efqbsi. ]hbpmsbwr i` Eftfbb. Lfhif. ]_F(Gfpbg _( _bnpmslfh. Jfhf Tmnmrfh ]hbpmsbwr. _fnbhf. ]_F(Lfswbkh @(M( _wmddm. Gbpmsbwr Qnfwìsl. Flwmsgfl. Wem Hmwemsnfhg(Dmi`` _wijm. Bhwbw}wm is Obwb{mhebq fhg Dnicfnbfwbih. Gmfjbh ]hbpmsbwr. Lmnci}shm. F}wsfnbf(Wmssr Wesmfgding. Ofsgb`` ]hbpmsbwr. Tfnm. ]J(Lbnbnfhb Wsfj. Qmslfhmhw @is}l ih Bhgbdmhi} B}m ìs wem Moihilbo Oi}hobn i` wem ]H

Fmlcnr. Eftfbb. ]_F(Lfsbk ]snbhd. Bheinnfhg ]hbpmsbwr. Flwmsgfl,Gbmlmh. Wem Hmwemsnfhg(Sic Tfnjms. Jmmnm ]hbpmsbwr. Jmmnm. ]J(

Hbhd Tfhd. Wbhde}f ]hbpmsbwr. Cmbkbhd. Oebhf(Itmh Tbtf. F`sbofh Mhpbsihlmhwfn fhg E}lfh Gmpmniqlmhw Fdmhor. Wisihwi. Ofhfgf(

Qnmfm pbbw wem Ki}shfn tmcbwm fw ewwq;))ttt(Gbpmsbwr,Ki}shfn(oil ìs }swems bhìslfwbih fci}w wem Ki}shfn is wi }cosbcm(

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