hybrid perovskite (hp) materials: quantum well design for organic...
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Hybridperovskite(HP)materials:Quantumwelldesignfororganic-inorganicelectronics
HaydenEvans6/1/2016
MainSource:
Mitzi,D.;Chondroudis,C.;Kagan,C.IBMJournalofResearchandDevelopment,2001,45,29-45
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Organic-inorganicperovskitesareaneasilyprocessed,versatileclassofmaterialswithdiverseproperties.
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InorganicmaterialsPossessarangeofelectronicvariation(insulators,semiconductors,andmetals).Theyalsocanpossesmagneticdielectrictransitions,substationalmechanicalhardnessandhighthermalstability.
Organicmaterialseaseofprocessing,structuraldiversityanddesign
Organic Inorganic
DMFSolvent
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HP’sareincrediblydiverse,andcanbetunedviastoichiometricratioandtypeoforganicreagentsused.
Perovskiteformula=ABX3
HP’sdivalentBsitemetalcanvary(Cu,Ni,Co,Fe,Mn,Cr,Pd,Cd,Ge,Sn,Pb,Eu,Yb)
Thehalidecanbevaried,orevenmadewithapseudohalide(SCN−,NCN−)
OrganicAsitecanbemonovalentordivalentcation
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HP’scanbetunedevenfurther,selectingforamountofperovskiteconnectivityaswellascrystalorientation
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<100>orientedfamily[(R-NH3)2An-1MnX3n-1]
<110>orientedfamily[(R-NH3)2AnMnX3n+2]
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HybridperovskitelayeredmaterialsareanalogoustoquantumwellMBEdepositedthinfilmsofinorganicmaterials.
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Becauseoftheirquasi-twodimensionalnatureelectronsinquantumwellshaveadensityofstatesthathasdistinctsteps(meaningconfinedelectronsandholes).
Additionally,theeffectivemassofholesinthevalencebandischangedtomorecloselymatchthatofelectronsintheconductionband.
AlGaAs GaAs AlGaAs
e−
H+
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Thislevelofcontrolallowsfortuningofquantumwells,especiallyinsystemsthatcontaingermanium(II),tin(II),andlead(II).
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(a)
(b)
(c)
CB
VB
E
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Recentwork:creatingquantumwellHPmaterialstunesenergygapandincreasesstability.
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Cao,D.;Stoumpos,C.C.;Farha,O.K.,Hupp,J.T.,Kanatzidis,M.G.J.Am.Chem.Soc.2015,2,7843- 7850
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CreatingquantumwellHPmaterialstunesenergygapandincreasesstability.
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Cao,D.;Stoumpos,C.C.;Farha,O.K.,Hupp,J.T.,Kanatzidis,M.G.J.Am.Chem.Soc.2015,2,7843- 7850
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Takeaways
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Hybridperovskitematerialscanbetunedandprocessedeasily.
TheyareanalogousMBEdepositedquantumwellsofsolelyinorganicmaterials,andcanexploitsimilarquantumphenomena.
Layeredperovskitematerialshavehigherstability.