hybrid geothermal / solar thermal hvac s t p t1 d i … geothermal / solar thermal ... (grant funded...
TRANSCRIPT
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Integrating Large Scale, Innovative Solar Thermal Systems into the Built Environment
J 26 2013June 26, 2013 11:00am – 12:30PMTrack: Renewable & Alternative Energy Sources Sponsor: 6.7 Solar Energy Utilization
Hybrid Geothermal / Solar ThermalHVAC S t P t1 D i
Jim LeidelO kl d U i it
Sponsor: 6.7 Solar Energy Utilization
HVAC System: Part1 Design(OU Human Health Building)
Oakland UniversityDenver, June 26, 2013
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Session Learning Objectives1. What do solar thermal energy systems provide for the built
environment?2. Components of active solar thermal systems?3. Examples of loads served by solar thermal systems.4 Th t di h l l th l t4. Three case studies where large solar thermal systems.5. Thermal energy storage (it’s use and sizing) required by
solar energy supply vs load. Review for each case.gy pp y6. Design challenges & major system design options faced
while implementing large solar thermal projects.
ASHRAE is a Registered Provider with The American Institute of Architects Continuing Education Systems. Credit earned on completion of this program will be reported to ASHRAE Records for AIA members. Certificates of Completion
for non-AIA members are available on request.
2
This program is registered with the AIA/ASHRAE for continuing professional education. As such, it does not include content that may be deemed or construed to be an approval or endorsement by the AIA of any material of construction or
any method or manner of handling, using, distributing, or dealing in any material or product. Questions related to specific materials, methods, and services will be addressed at the conclusion of this presentation.
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AGENDA• Quick Look at Solar Thermal Economics as
Compared to Solar PVCompared to Solar PV• Case Studies:
Oakland University Human Health Building: Hybrid– Oakland University Human Health Building: Hybrid Geothermal / Solar Thermal HVAC System: Pt 1 Design
– District Energy St. Paul: Solar Thermal & Biomass for gyDowntown St. Paul, Minnesota
– Drake Landing Solar Community with Seasonal Energy StorageStorage
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Economics of Solar Thermal
Solar PV vs. Solar Thermalin Today’s Marketplace
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$600Thermal System @$1,400 / sq meter (60% efficient)
$400
$500y @ , q ( )
PV System @$4.00 / Watt (15% efficient)
$200
$30016% solar capacity factor for both & solar thermal assumes 80% eff
$0
$100
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
assumes 80% eff. displaced gas heat$5 to $12 / MCF
$0.0
$0.0
$0.0
$0.0
$0.0
$0.0
$0.0
$0.0
$0.1
$0.1
$0.1
$0.1
$0.1
$0.1
$0.1
$0.1
Utility Cost per kWhr (or kWhr equivalent of natural gas)
Comparison of the annual energy value of two separate $10 000 solar systems: PV and solarseparate $10,000 solar systems: PV and solar
thermal at various utility rates.
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$1 000
PV Annual Output Value for a $10,000 Investment
$800
$900
$1,000
alue
$500
$600
$700
nerg
y Va
$200
$300
$400
Ann
ual E
n
$2.50
3 00 50 0 $0 10$0.12
$0.14$0.16
$0
$100
$A
$2.
$3.0
$3.50
$4.00
$4.50
$5.00
$5.50
$6.00
$0.08$0.10
Cost per Watt (installed cost)Utility Electrical Cost per kWhrp
Sensitivity analysis of $10,000 PV investment with varying installed cost and natural gas or electric rates
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$
Thermal Annual Output Value for a $10,000 Investment
$800
$900
$1,000al
ue
$500$600
$700
Ener
gy V
a
$200$300$400
Ann
ual E
$1,00
0$1
,100
200
300
00 0 $5 00$7.00
$9.00$11.00$0
$100
A
$1 $1,
$1,2
$1,30
$1,40
0$1
,500
$1,60
0$1
,700
$5.00
Cost per Square Meter (installed cost)
Utility NaturalGas Costper MCF
Sensitivity analysis of $10,000 solar thermal investment with varying installed cost and natural gas or electric rates
p
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PV Solar Thermal
$900
$1,000
$800
$900
$1,000
e
Solar Thermal
$400
$500$600
$700
$800
$400
$500
$600
$700
$800
l Ene
rgy
Valu
00$9 00
$11.00$0$100$200$300$400
50 0
$0.12$0.14
$0.16$0
$100
$200
$300
$
Ann
ual
$1,00
0$1
,100
$1,20
0$1
,300
$1,40
0$1
,500
$1,60
0$1
,700
$5.00$7.00
$9.00
Cost per Square Meter (installed cost)
Utility NaturalGas Costper MCF
$2.50
$3.00
$3.50
$4.00
$4.50
$5.00
$5.50
$6.00
$0.08$0.10
$0
Cost per Watt (installed cost)Utility Electrical Cost per kWhr
Sensitivity analysis of separate $10,000 PV or solar thermal investments with varying installed cost andthermal investments with varying installed cost and natural gas or electric rates
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Conclusion?Conclusion?
Need to utilize solar thermal energy for more than justenergy for more than just
space heating & domestic HW.g
L k t liLook at space cooling (displacing electricity usage)(displacing electricity usage)
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Located in SoutheastLocated in Southeast Michigan, just north of Detroit in suburban Oakland County
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Public University
Golden Grizzlies
19,000 students
3.0M square feet3.0M square feet
132 baccalaureate degree programs
126 graduate degree and certificatecertificate programs
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1,440 acre campus
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Clean Energy Projects at Oakland
Human Health Building: Geothermal / Solar Thermal Hybrid Project
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What are Ground Source Heat Pumps?
Cooling Mode400 Tons
Heating Mode150 Tons
Heat Rejected
Heat AbsorbedRejected
to theEarth
Absorbedfrom the Earth
also referred to as Geothermal Heat Pumpsor GeoExchange
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HHB Project Overview
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Technologies Utilized
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Geothermal System
150 ton ground loop(heating load only)
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Geothermal System (grant funded full system)
400 ton ground loop(full cooling load)
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Variable Refrigerant Flow Heat Pumps
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Solar Thermal Desiccant Dehumidification
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Temperatures Needed for Thermally Activated Cooling Technologies
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100% Outdoor Air Unit (with desiccant)
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Technical ApproachTechnical Approach
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Desiccant DehumidificationC liCooling
Dedicated Outdoor Air Units (DOAS)
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Desiccant DehumidificationC liCooling
COOLING MODEMODE
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Ground Loop Spec’s
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Ground Loop Spec’s (pg2)
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ENERGY SYSTEM
DIAGRAMDIAGRAM
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ENERGY FLOWS
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Meter InformationTAG Description Unit Media Dirctn MeterE l t Electrical utility kWhr Electricity In Nexus 1262
ete o at o
Eelect Electrical utility kWhr Electricity In Nexus 1262Espv Solar photovoltaics kWhr Electricity In Shark 200Eng Natural gas utility MCF Natural gas In GasE Solar thermal system BTU Solar hot water In Ultrasonic BTUEsth Solar thermal system BTU Solar hot water In Ultrasonic BTUEgeo Ground loop BTU Ground loop water Bi-dir Ultrasonic BTUEstore Solar ground storage BTU Solar hot water Bi-dir Ultrasonic BTUE DOAS intake air BTU Outdoor air In Air flow & tempEV1in DOAS intake air BTU Outdoor air In Air flow & tempEV1out DOAS intake exhaust BTU Exhaust air Out Air flow & tempEV2in DOAS intake air BTU Outdoor air In Air flow & tempE DOAS intake exhaust BTU Exhaust air Out Air flow & tempEV2out DOAS intake exhaust BTU Exhaust air Out Air flow & tempEexh Laboratory exhaust BTU Exhaust air Out NoneEsmelt Snow melt system BTU Hot water Out Ultrasonic BTU
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Meter informationMeter information
Nexus 1262 Utility switchboard electric meter
Shark 200 Multifunction panel electric meter
G R t t l t ith lGas Rotary natural gas meter with pulser
Ultrasonic BTU Ultrasonic flow and energy meter
Air flow & temp Dedicated Outdoor Air Unit (DOAS) with packaged air flow station andwith packaged air flow station andtemperature / humidity sensors usedby the building automation system to
l lcalculate energy
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MECHANICALSYSEMS
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SOLAR THERMAL
DOAS2
BOILERDOAS THERMALH/C’s
21
SNOW
GROUND
SNOWMELT
SOLARTHERMALSTORAGEGROUND
LOOPSTORAGEDOMESTIC
HW
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GROUND LOOPGROUND LOOP WATER DIAGRAM
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SIMPLIFIED HEATING DIAGRAM
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SIMPLIFIED HEATING DIAGRAM
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SIMPLIFIEDSIMPLIFIED COOLINGDIAGRAMDIAGRAM
SWS = SOURCEWATER SUPPLY
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CONTROL NETWORK ARCHITECTURE
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VRFVRF
HeatHeat
Pumpsp
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Variable a ab eRefrigerant Flow Compressors with VFD’s
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Solar PV on top of penthouse
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End of Part 1: System Design
Part 2: Construction Commissioning &Part 2: Construction, Commissioning & Lessons Learned
Part 3: Energy Monitoring & Performance
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Questions ?Questions ?
Jim LeidelDirector of Clean Energy Systems
leidel@oakland [email protected]/CERC and www.oakland.edu/ENERGY