HW # 18-Finish Ch 13, Section 3 Notes (Due-FRI) (you may read in the book OR view the end of my power point)

Study for skeletal system quiz Take the practice quiz

Warm upHow many muscles can you name?

Week 5, Day One

Warm up Response

P

Homework Response/CheckAs

Goals for Today

• Body Ratios & Proportions

• Muscular System

A Bit of Background Information:

• A unique and special proportion deeply rooted in folklore, history, and philosophy.

• A "sacred ratio" used in the building of the pyramids of Egypt 2,600 years ago

WHAT IS THE GOLDEN PROPORTION?

• Golden Proportion exists between a small and a large segment: The proportion of the small segment to the large is the same as the proportion of the large segment to the sum of both.

Directions for the next two (2) slides: • Quickly look at the rectangular shapes on

each slide.• Chose the one figure on each slide you feel

has the most appealing dimensions. • Make note of this choice.• Make this choice quickly, without thinking

long or hard about it.

• What was special about these special rectangles? • Clearly it is not their size. • It was their proportions. • The rectangles c and d were probably the

rectangles chosen as having the most pleasing shapes.

• Measure the lengths of the sides of these rectangles. Calculate the ratio of the length of the longer side to the length of the shorter side for each rectangles.

• Did you get the same result each time? • Was it approximately 1.6? • This ratio approximates the famous Golden

Ratio of the ancient Greeks. • These special rectangles are called Golden

Rectangles because the ratio of the length of the longer side to the length of the shorter side is the Golden Ratio.

• Golden Rectangles can be found in the shape of playing cards, windows, book covers, file cards, ancient buildings, and modern skyscrapers.

• Many artists have incorporated the Golden Rectangle into their works because of its aesthetic appeal.

• It is believed by some researchers that classical Greek sculptures of the human body were proportioned so that the ratio of the total height to the height of the navel was the Golden Ratio.

• The ancient Greeks considered the Golden Rectangle to be the most aesthetically pleasing of all rectangular shapes.

• It was used many times in the design of the famous Greek temple, the Parthenon.

Examples of the Golden Ratio• On the next pages you will see examples of the

Golden Ratio (Proportion)• Many of them have a gauge, called the Golden Mean

Gauge, superimposed over the picture.• This gauge was developed by Dr. Eddy Levin DDS, for

use in dentistry and is now used as the standard for the dental profession.

• The gauge is set so that the two openings will always stay in the Golden Ratio as they open and close.

Golden Mean Gauge: Invented by Dr. Eddy Levin DDS

The next five (5) slides show examples of the Golden Ratio as it relates to the human body.

• Dentistry (The reason for the gauge’s creation)…

• The human face…• An EKG read out…

The next thirteen (13) slides are examples of the Golden Ratio used in the field of design.

• Architecture…• The Automotive industry…• Music and Musical reproduction…• Fashion…• Hand writting…• General Design…

The Bagdad City Gate

Dome ofSt. Paul:London,England

Golden Pyramid of Giza

The Great Wall of China

The Parthenon: Greece

Windson Castle

Lincoln Memorial: Washington D.C.

The last ten (10) slides are probably he most interesting examples of the Golden Ratio. Here you will see the Golden Ratio as it presents itself in Nature…

• Animals…• Plants…• See if you can identify what you are looking

at.

Muscular System 600 Muscles

3 types of muscles

Smooth Muscles- Which include the muscles of internal organs and blood vessels. These muscles move involuntary.

Cardiac Muscle- Found only in the heart and also involuntary.

Skeletal Muscles- Are voluntary and help you move.

Muscle Movement

Involuntary- Automatically move without you knowing.

Voluntary- Brain sends message to muscle. You control the movements.

Types Of Muscles

Smooth Muscle- Digestive organs, Makes up 7-8% of your muscles.

Involuntary

Types of Muscles cont.

• Cardiac Muscles- Only found in the heart. • Involuntary. • Makes up 3% of your muscles. • By age 70 heart contracts 2.5 billion times

(assume resting heart beat).

Types of Muscles cont.

Skeletal Muscles- Makes up 90% of your muscles.

Voluntary- These are the muscles that you can move.

Types of Injuries

• Strain- Muscle “pull” or “strain”– Tearing a muscle fiber(s), followed by bleeding or

swelling of muscle

– Muscle Cramp- Prolonged contraction of muscle, ion imbalance

Muscle Terms

• Flexion- Movement that reduces a joint angle

• Extension- A movement that increases a joint angle

Body Movements

• Flexing of the hamstring.

Body Movements cont.

• Extension of the quadriceps.

Muscle Pairs

• Your muscles work in teams to move your body. An example of this is your Bicep and Tricep.