HW 1.4 British Democracy Homework – How did the United Kingdom establish parliamentary democracy (a.k.a.

constitutional monarchy?)Make a graphic organizer that includes the following terms. Make sure to give it a title. Include a

description and importance of each ruler or document.King John, Magna Carta

Henry VIII, Church of England, Roman Catholic ChurchElizabeth I, Mary I, Phillip II, and Mary, Queen of Scots

James I, Puritans, PilgrimsCharles I, Petition of Right

Oliver CromwellCharles II, James II

William and Mary, English Bill of RightsGeorge III

Thomas Hobbes, LeviathanJohn Locke, Two Treatises on Government, the “Social Contract”

This is 25 terms You must use the IANB homework format and a GRAPHIC ORGANIZER. DUE DATES: Period 1 = Mon., 9/22. Periods 2 & 6 = Tues., 9/23

Certain terms go together and it is a good idea to put them in the same oval. You don’t have to have 25 different ovals. But, you must have “subtopic ovals.” You can’t just hang the words off of the topic bubble. You must come up with your own subtopics.

A good website to use: www.royal.gov.uk

You have to research the terms. Don’t just rely on what is given in class.

Dancing With the Democracy Stars (a.k.a. The History of Democracy)

Autocracy = Absolute Monarchy

OrDictatorship

Oligarchy =Religious

OrMilitary

Or CommunistGroup Rule

There will be a map portion on the quiz, as well. You must know all items on this map. Please fill yours out accordingly.

Make sure you copy down the timeline that is on the board.

500 bc GREEK city-state of Athens= direct democracy based on the concept of popular sovereignty

The will of the people is supreme; the people should rule themselves.

Direct democracy = no representatives necessary. Everyone votes on every issue. Unworkable in large populations.

490-31 bc – Roman Republic=representative democracy

(corrupted by power hungry Senators who called themselves Caesars)

Natural Law = a universal set of common beliefs related to what is right and wrong; often referred to as the Ten Commandments.

Roman Republic collapses into an Empire. Democracy goes away for

over 1200 years.

One of the largest, strongest, and longest lasting empires in the history of the world. Falls in 476 AD.

Europe falls into what we call FEUDALISM.

Roman legacy is huge in Great Britain. Romans wrote their laws down and enforced them with fairness. (Due process of law)

Britain retained this legacy even though the Roman Empire collapsed.

With the Romans gone, the Anglo-Saxons divided their island into “shires.”Each shire had an appointed “sheriff” and “justices of the peace” resolved conflict. Due process was important and preserved, somewhat.

Europe, 1300 A.D. What is the meaning of the term, “Holy Roman Empire?” (In red)

Dukes, Earls, and Counts, (Marquis, if one is French)

And Princes

Skilled workers

1000 A.D. – 1500 A.D. in Europe

A key point about “absolutism” – the

times were so lawless, so dangerous, so

frightful, that a strong king was welcomed as someone who could keep the peace and

prevent violence and death. The loyalties of the serfs were to the

King because their lives depended on him. Never forget

that, even though the peasants’ attitudes

will change.

You all need me!

But I can’t do

everything

involved in

safeguarding this

kingdom by

myself!

England, 1215, the English Lords are angry with the cruel policies of one of the worst kings in

history; King John

King John, Runneymeade,

signing the Magna Carta

John ruled like a tyrant – totally disrespectful of existing local and

feudal traditions

1. Expensive wars against France that failed2. Bribed justices and barons

3. Extorted money4. Forced barons to raise more taxes on the

peasants. 5. His own barons staged an uprising and

threatened to kill him.

The Great Charter of the Liberties of England; modified many, many times over the years 1215-1688.

THE MAGNA CARTA (a.k.a The Great Charter)

Lots of very important concepts:1.Rule of Law = no monarch is absolute or ABOVE the

law; no monarch can arbitrarily impose justice or punishment; he must use due process of law

2.Limited Government = any government must protect natural rights when passing and enforcing law; citizens have civil rights such as freedom of expression

and rights when accused of a crime.

1215-1688

A long list of kings and queens. Some who are willing to share power with a House of Lords; others who are determined to take England backto the daysof Absolute Monarchy.

Ready? Let’s get started!

Henry VIIIElizabeth I

Bloody Mary James ICharles I Charles II

James IIWilliam of Orange

Henry VIII = 1491-1547 (56 years!)

Henry II of France, 1547-1559 Leaves 3 sons who are incompetent.

Catherine d’Medici rules.

Two Catholic KingsEngland France

Leaves a sickly son who only rules for 6 years. (Aged 9-15)

Edward VI

Converts R.C.C. to the Church of

England.

His sons cannot produce a strong,

Catholic King. Rule passes to the

Bourbon family.

TUDOR

VALOIS

Henry VIII – a split from the Roman Catholic Church…led to years of see-sawing back and

forth for England.

Church of England, a.k.a. Anglican Church. In America: Episcopalian

You need to know WHY the RCC would not give “8” a divorce.

Structure of the Anglican Church

Later, the Anglican Church will

become corrupt to the point where

a new group, the Puritans, wants to

reform it. Then, there are 3

religious groups in Britain, fighting

for dominance.

PURITANS – what did they want?

Two sisters who fought over the throne: Mary Tudor (daughter of Catherine of Spain, Elizabeth Tudor, daughter of

Anne Boleyn) Their father: Henry Tudor (the 8th)

A Catholic who wanted to destroy the Church of England that her father created (in order to divorce her mother.)

An Anglican, who was tolerant of Catholics, ruled England for 45 years.

I’ll undo

everything my

wicked father

did!

Bloody Mary, 1553-58The “Virgin” Queen, 1558-1603

Phillip II, Spain – what does he have to do with these two Queens?

“There is one Jesus Christ. The rest is a dispute over trifles."

An early English Parliament meets with the King and bishops of the Anglican Church (Church of England.) 1400All the lords, plus two knights from each shire, and 2 representatives from each “borough.”

The Parliament Building, today.

Bi-cameral:House of LordsHouse of Commons

Elizabeth’s cousin:Mary, Queen of the Scots…Elizabeth was convinced to imprison her and to later execute her…plots to overthrow Elizabeth just kept being exposed….Mary’s son, James Stuart will become King of England, though, because Elizabeth did not leave any children.

Mary, Queen of Scots

Robert Dudley, Earl of Leicester, Elizabeth’s favorite lover. Dudley once convinced Elizabeth to give an address to the students of Cambridge University, in Latin.

Castle of Kenilworth – a gift to Leicester, from Elizabeth I

The famous “Tower of London”

Castle of Kenilworth

William the Conqueror's “Keep” and White Tower

Westminster – where Parliament meets. “Big Ben” clock tower

Westminster Abbey

St. Paul’s Cathedral

Nave

Transept

The “Shard” Building, London, just south of Tower Bridge

London Bridge

The “Gherkin” Building

Back to the royals and their relationship with their Parliament (talking place)

Why did “democracy-evolution” happen SO DIFFERNTLY in

England?• A larger middle class – “non-titled” (relative to France, Prussia, A-H,

Russia)• A smaller percentage of nobles per peasant (relative to F, P, A-H, R)

Prussian nobles were called “Junkers”• Aristocrats in F,P,A-H, R think that commerce is dirty work – in the U.K.

nobles got involved early in commerce (East India Tea Company)• more urban dwellers (no city like London in F,P,R,A-H)• The English Civil War = the “free-born” English citizen and his power was

upheld = a tradition of resistance to absolutism since 1215• Resistance to Catholicism made English citizens even more resistant to

monarchs wanting to return them to the RCC• Early nationalism = a British self-identity• Decentralization = most govt at the local level, no large national Army (the

idea of huge Armies goes with Prussia, France, and Russia – not the UK)

17th century – 100 years dominated by the monarch’s

struggle with Parliament – Who is the ultimate authority in England?

1642-1649

Stuarts have major issues with

allowing Parliament their

power

Then come the Georges I, II, III

Notice a break between 1649-1661? England was a dictatorship under the rule of Oliver Cromwell.

Between Charles I and Charles II

Remember, Elizabeth died, leaving no heir. The line goes to her cousins.

1603 - James I has religious problems on his hands. What are they?

King James version of the Holy Bible was compiled by James I.James I united 3 kingdoms for the first time, under a single ruler.

Roman Catholic

Puritans (Pilgrims)

Henry VIII’s “High

Protestants”

James I is p

ulled into the 30 Years War

in Europe (Catholics v. Protestants).

Catholics in the UK try

to assassin

ate

him. He dies in

1625 in the middle of

this.

The son of James I = Charles I (1625-1649)

• Determined to rule without a Parliament• Parliament had become dominated by Puritans (who

wanted reform of the Anglican Church and were wealthy landowners)

• Sympathetic to Catholics who felt persecuted ( he introduces a new “prayer book” for the Anglican Church which sounds very Catholic – the Scots revolt)

• Brutal suppression of the Scots• Irish Catholics revolt against British rule

Parliament begins to split

The Puritan’s “New Model Army” – Oliver Cromwell

Charles’ I – Cavalier Army

Although the UK is a monarchy, the powers of the reigning head of state have gradually dwindled since King Charles I was beheaded in 1649 following the English Civil War between Royalists and Parliamentarians.

Today, the monarch's role is largely ceremonial and mostly restricted to state functions and appearing on stamps and banknotes. But the monarch still retains formal powers and opens parliament each year.

Charles I of England – beheaded by Oliver Cromwell and the New Model Army in Jan.

1649.

Prior to the outbreak of war, Charles I signs:

The Petition of Rights, 1638

I have no

intention of

following this

but it might

get

Parliament off

my back.

3 Important Documents in British parliamentary

history:

Magna Carta, 1215Petition of Rights, 1638

English Bill of Rights, 1688

Roundheads (Parliament members) vs. Cavaliers (Royalists)

Oliver Cromwell, a wealthy Puritan, leader of the Roundhead Army.

Royalists, a.k.a. Cavaliers

Charles I – beheaded after breaking the document he signed: English Petition of Rights, 1649

Chavenage House – haunted by England’s most famous ghost.Painswick Courthouse

Charles I stayed here during a long siege – English Civil War.

A BBC series called “Charles II, the Power and the

Passion” is a great show to watch if you

like this kind of stuff?

•a bleak picture of human beings•where life is "nasty, brutish, and short.“• fear of violent death is the principal motive that causes people to create a surrender their natural rights and to submit to the absolute authority of a sovereign. •the power of the monarch is originally derived from the people, •he challenged the doctrine of the divine right of kings-•but, he admitted that the sovereign's power is absolute and not subject to review by either citizens or church clergy

Written in 1651, just after the execution of Charles I

English Dictatorship – Oliver Cromwell: a Puritan member

of the House of Commons, led a civil war against King Charles

Wins the Civil War and executes the King, but who will now rule?

Regicide & Republic

Cromwell disbanded the House of Lords after winning the war and renamed the kingdom, the British “Commonwealth”

April, 1653 – what is left of Parliament is called “The Rump Parliament”

Cromwell – first “western” dictator – ruled England from 1649 until 1658. Turned England into a Commonwealth. His Army re-conquered Scotland and Ireland, and added them to

the “commonwealth.

Lord Protector of the Realm- military dictatorship – Cromwell

called it the “protectorate”

What type of ruler was Cromwell? To what extent did he favor liberal/republican ideals?

Wow, this is complicated. Interesting, but complicated, and not popular with everyone in England at the time.

Cromwell dies of a gallstone attack in

1658.

Is this the missing head of Oliver Cromwell? After his trial (2 years after he had died) his head was severed and put on a pike on Tower Bridge. By 1688 it had blown away. A skull was found in 1935 and determined to be the missing head. It was buried at Sussex College in Cambridge in 1960!

I wonder how my

son Richard is ruling

the commonwealth

now that I am

dead???

Cromwell’s death mask

“Tumbledown Dick” = Richard Cromwell, son of Oliver Cromwell

2nd Protector of the Realm upon his father’s death.

Did not have the personality or the political mind of his father. Did not have the ambition or drive.

Served for nine months under a “Barebones Parliament” and then resigned and left England and his role as Protector.

Parliament was left with no monarch or military dictator.

Hmmm…what to do?

Royalists had another nickname for Richard, but you’ll have to look that one up on your own time!!

9 months and 10 days!

1658-59

1660- England was poised to reject monarchy forever, and yet, they requested that the Stuart heir to the

throne, Charles II, (“merry King Charles) return to rule as a “figurehead” monarch.

Anyo

ne w

ould

have

bee

n

calle

d “m

erry

”

after

thos

e pr

udish

Pu

ritan

s!

1660-1685

The Merry Monarch – many wives, many, many children.

An alarming secret about the Merry MonarchHe was a “closet Catholic” and he had signed a secret pact with the France, (Louis, 14) promising to return England to the Catholic Church.He had no legal heirs to the throne.His brother James was a full-blown, public Catholic – and in line to secede to the throne when Charles died.

1685 – Charles II dies and James II (age 51) comes to

the throne of England. 3 short years: 1685-1688

He’ll almost lose his pretty neck!

That “bloody bastard,”

Monmouth will learn his lesson!

Meanwhile, Mary, the legitimate daughter of James II, has married a very cool guy, William of Orange – a Dutch King called a “Stadholder.”

The British are

going to call on me

to literally run my

father-in-law out

of the country. I’m

just the man to do

it!

The first college in America is named after this fine looking couple.

Getting bored? Try some Trivia…

Worcestershire can be properly pronounced a few ways: "WUST-ter-shire, "WOOS-ter-sheer", or "WOOS-ter-sher" sauce. But the easiest way to say Worcestershire Sauce is to say “Lea & Perrins”.

early 1800s, in the county of Worcester. Returning home from his travels in Bengal, Lord Sandys, a nobleman of the area, was eager to duplicate a recipe he'd acquired. On Lord Sandys' request, two chemists—John Lea and William Perrins—made up the first batch of the sauce.

James II did three things to blow it:• Managed to have a male heir, who he was

raising as a Catholic, with a very Catholic mother

• Passed the “Act of Indulgence” which openly promoted the practice of Catholicism

• Dissolved Parliament when the MPs expressed outrage over the Act.

• He was convinced to abdicate and fled in exile to France. (By the mobilization of William’s Dutch Army)

The Glorious Revolution = 1688 the British ask the King and Queen of Holland to come across the

Channel and reign as the British monarchs. Parliament insists that the couple sign the English Bill of Rights – a document that reads, almost word-for-word, like the American Bill of Rights.

Wow – who picked the King and Queen of England?

Parliament did!

The Revolution that was not a Revolution…

England, (the U.K.) has become the 1st true democracy in the world: a CONSTITUTIONAL MONARCHY.

Monarch is a figureheadKing

Nobility = Dukes, Earls, Barons House of Lords

Serfs (Commoners) House of Commons

Prime Minister – a member of Parliament, chosen to enforce the laws made by Parliament.

Feudalism evolved into democracy: constitutional monarchy style.

By 1884, the U.K. had conquered ¼ of the surface of the earth and added it to their empire.

“British Commonwealth”

Over 30 former British colonies belong to the British Commonwealth. They are independent democracies, but recognize the British monarch as their HEAD OF STATE.

Australia

England

Canada

Fiji

Jamaica

Bermuda

British Virgin Islands

New Zealand

United Kingdom

“Rock of Gibraltar”

1690An English writer, John Locke, writes down a summary of what he has seen happen in England over the centuries

TWO TREATIES ON GOVERNMENT:Several essays, in which, J.L. explains a theory that he calls the “Social Contract.”

FILL OUT THE SOCIAL CONTRACT WORKSHEET.

The American Revolution was a “social contract” revolution.

John Locke’s book was nicknamed,

“The Textbook of the American Revolution.”

Famous line from “Two Treatises on Government:”

We hold these truths to be self-evident; that all men are created equal, with certain inalienable rights, among them, Life, Liberty, and Property.

Where have you heard these words?

3 Parts of the Declaration of Independence

The American Revolution = 1774-1783

U.S.A. – a confederation1776-1787 – the U.S. almost collapses

TO THE RESCUE: THE CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTIONMAY-SEPT 1787

G. WashingtonJohn AdamsSam AdamsRoger ShermanBenjamin FranklinJames Madison

The founding fathers rejected the British constitutional monarchy AND the U.S. Confederate style government. Presidential Democracy was BORN! What did we invent? Federalism, the Office of President, and

the Electoral College. We kept the idea of 3 branches, bicameral lawmaking bodies, and the British justice system. No wigs, though!

British judges

Presidential Democracy

Congress

President

Courts

Typically “Federal Structure,” but can be “Unitary”

Any country that has copied the U.S. style of democracy.

PRESIDENTIAL STYLE GOVERNMENT

VOTERS

Legislative Branch: 111th Congress

Executive Branch: P, VP, 15 Cabinet Secretaries, feds

Parliamentary style democracy

Voters

British Parliament: House of LordsAnd House of Commons

British Prime Minister:David Cameron

Parliament, Friday, 8/30/2013

Should the U.S. strike against Syrian dictator, Bashar al-Assad? Failed by 13 votes

Dark Blue = U.S. presidential style democracyDark Gray = U.K. parliamentary style democracyRed = countries masquerading as democracies (no legitimate elections)Light Gray = dictatorships and absolute monarchies

Study these notes. There will be a test on this. Don’t wait until the

last minute.

WE OWE THE BRITISH A LOT!

AND, THAT ENDS THE HISTORY OF DEMOCRACY….OR DOES IT?

The next slide shows a “model” of a typical revolution.(Not the American

Revolution, though)

Causes of the French Revolution(s) – notice the color coding of the diagram, please.