hvacr116 – trade skills fundamentals of electricity
TRANSCRIPT
HVACR116 – Trade Skills
Fundamentals of Electricity
ATOMS ARE MADE UP OF PROTONS, NEUTRONS AND
ELECTRONS
P N
ELECTRON
PROTONS POSITIVE +NEUTRONS NEUTRAL 0ELECTRONS NEGATIVE -
P
ELECTRON
+
N
0
-
ELECTRONS• ORBIT AROUND THE PROTON
AND NEUTRON• NEGATIVE in CHARGE
P
ELECTRON
+ 0
-
N
THE ELECTRON IS IN CONSTANT ORBIT AROUND
THE PROTON AND NEUTRON
P N
A GREATER ENERGY FORCE EXISTS ON ONE SIDE OF THE ELECTRON THAN THE OTHER
CAUSING MOVEMENT
P N
ACTION FORCE
THE ELECTRON PROVIDES THE ENERGY FOR
ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS
P N
HYDRAULIC PRINCIPLES CAN BE USED TO UNDERSTAND ELECTRICAL PRINCIPLES
P1 P2
U-TUBE MANOMETER
PRESSURE DIFFERENCE = FLOW
P1 P2
U-TUBE MANOMETER
VOLTAGE = ELECTRICAL PRESSURE
P1 P2
U-TUBE MANOMETER
P1 > P2 = RIGHTWARD FLOW
P1 P2
FLOW
P2 > P1 = LEFTWARD FLOW
P1 P2
FLOW
PRESSURE DIFFERENCE DETERMINES FLOW RATE
P1 P2
U-TUBE MANOMETER
THE GREATER THE PRESSURE DIFFERENCE, THE GREATER
THE FLOW RATE
P1 P2
FLOW
120 PSI 0 PSI
THE SMALLER THE PRESSURE DIFFERENCE, THE LOWER THE
FLOW RATE
P1 P2
FLOW
120 PSI 24 PSI
THE SMALLER THE PRESSURE DIFFERENCE, THE LOWER THE
FLOW RATE
P1 P2
FLOW
120 PSI 100 PSI
0 PRESSURE DIFFERENCE =
0 FLOW RATE
P1 P2
NO FLOW
120 PSI 120 PSI
VOLTAGE RESULTS WHEN THERE IS AN ABUNDANCE OF ELECTRONS
APPEARING ON ONE SIDE OF AN ELECTRICAL CIRCUIT COMPARED TO
THE OTHER
+ - - + - - - + + - + - + +
MORE ELECTRONS HERE THAN
HERE
ELECTRICAL VOLTAGE (PRESSURE) IS GREATER ON THE LEFT SIDE THAN ON THE RIGHT
+ - - + - - - + + - + - + +
MORE ELECTRONS HERE THAN
HERE
BECAUSE OF VOLTAGE DIFFERENTIAL, ELECTRONS WILL
MOVE FROM LEFT TO RIGHT
+ - - + - - - + + - + - + +
MORE ELECTRONS HERE THAN
HERE
FLOW
BECAUSE OF VOLTAGE DIFFERENTIAL, ELECTRONS WILL
MOVE FROM RIGHT TO LEFT
+ - - + + + - - + - - -
P2 IS AT GREATER
PRESSURE THAN P1
P1 P2
FLOW
BECAUSE OF VOLTAGE DIFFERENTIAL BEING ZERO (NO PRESSURE DIFFERENCE) THERE
WILL BE NO FLOW OF ELECTRONS
+ - - + - + + - - + - +P1 P2
P1 HAS THE SAME
ELECTRONS AS P2
VOLTAGE: THE FORCE THAT MOVES ELECTRONS THROUGH AN
ELECTRICAL CIRCUIT
- - - - + - + + + + - +
-
ELECTRICAL VOLTAGE IS THE FORCE THAT MOVES ELECTRONS
THROUGH AN ELECTRICAL CIRCUIT
+ + + + + + - - - - - -
-
VOLTAGEELECTRICAL PRESSURE
• EMF (electro-motive force)
P N P N P N P N
THE ELECTRON PROVIDES THE ENERGY FOR
ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS
P N P N P N P N
FORCE IS APPLIED TO ONE ELECTRON
P N P N P N P N
ELECTRON IS KNOCKED OUT OF ORBIT AND INTO THE NEXT
ELECTRON
P N P N P N P N
WHICH IS KNOCKED OUT OF IT’S ORBIT INTO THE NEXT
ELECTRON
P N P N P N P N
WHICH IS KNOCKED OUT OF IT’S ORBIT INTO THE NEXT
ELECTRON
P N P N P N P N
WHICH IS KNOCKED OUT OF IT’S ORBIT INTO THE NEXT
ELECTRON
P N P N P N P N
ELECTRICAL CURRENT• FLOW OF ELECTRONS
P N P N P N P N
ELECTRICAL CURRENTFLOW OF ELECTRONS
P N P N P N P N
AMPERAGEELECTRICAL CURRENT
ELECTRICAL VALUES & SYMBOLS
0.0000010.0011.01,0001,000,000
1 millionth1 thousandth1.01 Thousand1 Million
micromilli1.0KiloMega
m1.0KM
SI UNITS
SI UNITS
1K = 1,0000.5K = 5005K = 5000100K = 100,000
1M = 1,000,0000.5M = 500,0005M = 5,000,000100M - 100,000,000
THOUSAND MILLION
SI UNITS
1m = 0.0010.5m = 0.00055m = 0.005100m = 0.100
1 = 0.00000010.5 = 0.000000055 = 0.0000005100 = 0.000100
THOUSANDTH MILLIONTH
E = VOLTAGEI = CURRENTR = RESISTANCE
OHM’s LAW FORMULA
E = VOLTAGE = PRESSUREI = CURRENT = FLOWR = RESISTANCE = RESISTANCE
OHM’s LAW FORMULA
E = CURRENT X RESISTANCEI = VOLTAGE / RESISTANCER = VOLTAGE / CURRENT
OHM’s LAW FORMULA
E
RI
E = VOLTAGEI = CURRENTR = RESISTANCE
E
RI
VOLTS = CURRENT X RESISTANCE
E = VOLTAGEI = CURRENTR = RESISTANCE
E
RI
CURRENT = VOLTS / RESISTANCE
E = VOLTAGEI = CURRENTR = RESISTANCE
E
RI
RESISTANCE = VOLTS / CURRENT
E = VOLTAGEI = CURRENTR = RESISTANCE
E = CURRENT X RESISTANCEI = VOLTAGE / RESISTANCER = VOLTAGE / CURRENT
OHM’s LAW FORMULA
E = VOLTAGEI = CURRENTR = RESISTANCEP = POWER
WATTAGE FORMULA
E = VOLTAGE = PRESSUREI = CURRENT = FLOWR = RESISTANCE = RESISTANCEP = POWER
WATTAGE FORMULA
WATTAGE FORMULA
P = VOLTS X CURRENTP = VOLTSP = CURRENT
2 / RESISTANCE2
X RESISTANCE