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1 HV Chillers Combating Climate Change Solution Ir Dr F.C. Chan 1 Dec 2017 Beyond Tomorrow Training Class

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Page 1: HV Chillers Combating Climate Change Solution Chillers... · Centrifugal Compressor Types reduce volume and increase pressure changing kinetic energy to pressure energy by centrifugal

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HV Chillers –

Combating Climate Change Solution

Ir Dr F.C. Chan

1 Dec 2017

Beyond Tomorrow Training Class

Page 2: HV Chillers Combating Climate Change Solution Chillers... · Centrifugal Compressor Types reduce volume and increase pressure changing kinetic energy to pressure energy by centrifugal

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HV Chillers –

Combating Climate Change Solution

Climate Change

Refrigeration Cycle

Starting Methods Consideration

Choice of Refrigerant and Global Warming

Potential

Energy Efficiency of Chillers

District Cooling System

Conclusion

Page 3: HV Chillers Combating Climate Change Solution Chillers... · Centrifugal Compressor Types reduce volume and increase pressure changing kinetic energy to pressure energy by centrifugal

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Training Class Climate Change

Extreme Weather

Page 4: HV Chillers Combating Climate Change Solution Chillers... · Centrifugal Compressor Types reduce volume and increase pressure changing kinetic energy to pressure energy by centrifugal

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Training Class

CO2 concentration

Global temperature

Sea level

Climate Change Indicators

Sea level Global temperature

CO2 concentration

Page 5: HV Chillers Combating Climate Change Solution Chillers... · Centrifugal Compressor Types reduce volume and increase pressure changing kinetic energy to pressure energy by centrifugal

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Training Class Climate Change

Ice sheets melting

Page 6: HV Chillers Combating Climate Change Solution Chillers... · Centrifugal Compressor Types reduce volume and increase pressure changing kinetic energy to pressure energy by centrifugal

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Training Class

Merbok 12 June 2017 T8

Roke 22 July 2017 T8

Hato 23 August 2017 T10

Pakhar 27 August 2017 T8

Khanun 15 October 2017 T8

Climate Change in Hong Kong

5 No.8 & above Typhoon in 2017

Page 7: HV Chillers Combating Climate Change Solution Chillers... · Centrifugal Compressor Types reduce volume and increase pressure changing kinetic energy to pressure energy by centrifugal

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Training Class

Energy Saving

to minimize the use of energy and to use

energy efficiently

Less CO2 emission

Combating Climate Change

HK Climate Action Plan 2030+

Page 8: HV Chillers Combating Climate Change Solution Chillers... · Centrifugal Compressor Types reduce volume and increase pressure changing kinetic energy to pressure energy by centrifugal

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Training Class Refrigeration Cycle

Compressor Expansion

Device

Condenser

Evaporator

Page 9: HV Chillers Combating Climate Change Solution Chillers... · Centrifugal Compressor Types reduce volume and increase pressure changing kinetic energy to pressure energy by centrifugal

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Training Class Refrigeration Cycle

Page 10: HV Chillers Combating Climate Change Solution Chillers... · Centrifugal Compressor Types reduce volume and increase pressure changing kinetic energy to pressure energy by centrifugal

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Training Class

Positive Displacement

Scroll

Screw

Reciprocating

Dynamic

Centrifugal

Compressor Types

reduce volume and

increase pressure

changing kinetic energy

to pressure energy by

centrifugal force

Page 11: HV Chillers Combating Climate Change Solution Chillers... · Centrifugal Compressor Types reduce volume and increase pressure changing kinetic energy to pressure energy by centrifugal

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Training Class Reciprocating Compressor

Becoming obsolete

Page 12: HV Chillers Combating Climate Change Solution Chillers... · Centrifugal Compressor Types reduce volume and increase pressure changing kinetic energy to pressure energy by centrifugal

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Training Class Scroll Compressor

Cooling capacity from 20 RTon up to

70 Rton by multi-compressor

configuration

Page 13: HV Chillers Combating Climate Change Solution Chillers... · Centrifugal Compressor Types reduce volume and increase pressure changing kinetic energy to pressure energy by centrifugal

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Training Class Screw Compressor

Cooling capacity from 75 RTon up to 450 RTon

Page 14: HV Chillers Combating Climate Change Solution Chillers... · Centrifugal Compressor Types reduce volume and increase pressure changing kinetic energy to pressure energy by centrifugal

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Training Class Centrifugal Compressor

Cooling capacity from 400 RTon up to 4,000 RTon

Page 15: HV Chillers Combating Climate Change Solution Chillers... · Centrifugal Compressor Types reduce volume and increase pressure changing kinetic energy to pressure energy by centrifugal

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Training Class Centrifugal Chiller

Page 16: HV Chillers Combating Climate Change Solution Chillers... · Centrifugal Compressor Types reduce volume and increase pressure changing kinetic energy to pressure energy by centrifugal

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Training Class Induction Motor Starting

Motor starting current must overcome

friction, load torque and inertia motor-load

system within a specified time.

Starting current (5-7 times of rated current)

must not cause overheat and dig in source

voltage beyond permissible value.

Page 17: HV Chillers Combating Climate Change Solution Chillers... · Centrifugal Compressor Types reduce volume and increase pressure changing kinetic energy to pressure energy by centrifugal

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Training Class Induction Motor Starting

Direct On-Line

Star-Delta Transformation

Liquid Resistor

Variable Speed Drive

Auto-transformer

Soft Starter

Page 18: HV Chillers Combating Climate Change Solution Chillers... · Centrifugal Compressor Types reduce volume and increase pressure changing kinetic energy to pressure energy by centrifugal

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Training Class Direct On-Line Starter

High Starting Current exceeding voltage dig limits

Simple and Effective

No complex design is required

Cost saving (less losses and installation)

Space saving

Page 19: HV Chillers Combating Climate Change Solution Chillers... · Centrifugal Compressor Types reduce volume and increase pressure changing kinetic energy to pressure energy by centrifugal

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Training Class Star-Delta Starter

Practical for small size and LV motor

Page 20: HV Chillers Combating Climate Change Solution Chillers... · Centrifugal Compressor Types reduce volume and increase pressure changing kinetic energy to pressure energy by centrifugal

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Training Class Liquid Resistor / Auto-transformer Starter

Limit the starting currents

Page 21: HV Chillers Combating Climate Change Solution Chillers... · Centrifugal Compressor Types reduce volume and increase pressure changing kinetic energy to pressure energy by centrifugal

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Training Class Variable Speed Starter

Variable speed / frequency to

control the loading to be

supplied

Good for part-load

Complex in control and Need filter to limit the harmonics

Deal with surge at low speed and high pressure

Page 22: HV Chillers Combating Climate Change Solution Chillers... · Centrifugal Compressor Types reduce volume and increase pressure changing kinetic energy to pressure energy by centrifugal

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Training Class

Direct On-Line voltage dig calculation

Direct On-Line voltage dig calculation

Page 23: HV Chillers Combating Climate Change Solution Chillers... · Centrifugal Compressor Types reduce volume and increase pressure changing kinetic energy to pressure energy by centrifugal

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Training Class

Direct On-Line voltage dig calculation

Page 24: HV Chillers Combating Climate Change Solution Chillers... · Centrifugal Compressor Types reduce volume and increase pressure changing kinetic energy to pressure energy by centrifugal

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Training Class Direct On-Line voltage dig calculation

Taking into the 1% voltage dig limit for the

source voltage and the minimum 11kV fault level

as 70 MVA as the worst case scenario, the

maximum motor starting MVA can be calculated

as 700kVA. The phase current for motor starting

is 37A.

For a normal induction motor with a starting

current 5 times of rated current, the motor rated

current is 140kVA. The equivalent refrigeration

ton load is around 245T.

Page 25: HV Chillers Combating Climate Change Solution Chillers... · Centrifugal Compressor Types reduce volume and increase pressure changing kinetic energy to pressure energy by centrifugal

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Training Class

Contacting CLP / HEC

is required for HV

Chillers installation

Direct On-Line voltage dig calculation

Page 26: HV Chillers Combating Climate Change Solution Chillers... · Centrifugal Compressor Types reduce volume and increase pressure changing kinetic energy to pressure energy by centrifugal

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Training Class Refrigerant Consideration

Page 27: HV Chillers Combating Climate Change Solution Chillers... · Centrifugal Compressor Types reduce volume and increase pressure changing kinetic energy to pressure energy by centrifugal

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Training Class Refrigerant Consideration

Page 28: HV Chillers Combating Climate Change Solution Chillers... · Centrifugal Compressor Types reduce volume and increase pressure changing kinetic energy to pressure energy by centrifugal

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Training Class Refrigerant Consideration

Page 29: HV Chillers Combating Climate Change Solution Chillers... · Centrifugal Compressor Types reduce volume and increase pressure changing kinetic energy to pressure energy by centrifugal

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Training Class Refrigerant Consideration

temperature

Page 30: HV Chillers Combating Climate Change Solution Chillers... · Centrifugal Compressor Types reduce volume and increase pressure changing kinetic energy to pressure energy by centrifugal

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Training Class Refrigerant Requirements

It should have low boiling point and low freezing point.

It must have low specific heat and high latent heat.

It should give high COP in the working temperature

range.

Low Ozone Depletion Potential (ODP) and Global

Warming Potential (GWP).

Page 31: HV Chillers Combating Climate Change Solution Chillers... · Centrifugal Compressor Types reduce volume and increase pressure changing kinetic energy to pressure energy by centrifugal

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Training Class Refrigerant Consideration

Page 32: HV Chillers Combating Climate Change Solution Chillers... · Centrifugal Compressor Types reduce volume and increase pressure changing kinetic energy to pressure energy by centrifugal

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Training Class Refrigerant Consideration

Low Ozone Depletion Potential (ODP) and Global Warming Potential (GWP).

Page 33: HV Chillers Combating Climate Change Solution Chillers... · Centrifugal Compressor Types reduce volume and increase pressure changing kinetic energy to pressure energy by centrifugal

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Training Class Chiller Efficiency

Chiller Efficiency

Page 34: HV Chillers Combating Climate Change Solution Chillers... · Centrifugal Compressor Types reduce volume and increase pressure changing kinetic energy to pressure energy by centrifugal

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Training Class Chiller Overall Considerations

High COP

Arrangement for higher chiller efficiency

Life Cycle Cost minimization

Use less materials hence less CO2 footprint

Use product closer to user place to minimize

transportation and hence less CO2 footprint

Use Refrigerant of zero or low ODP & GWP

Use Building Information Model as a tool

COP = ________________ Refrigeration Effect

Work Input

Page 35: HV Chillers Combating Climate Change Solution Chillers... · Centrifugal Compressor Types reduce volume and increase pressure changing kinetic energy to pressure energy by centrifugal

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Training Class Chiller Efficiency

Page 36: HV Chillers Combating Climate Change Solution Chillers... · Centrifugal Compressor Types reduce volume and increase pressure changing kinetic energy to pressure energy by centrifugal

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Training Class Refrigeration Cycle and Efficiency

2 stages

compression to

increase efficiency

Page 37: HV Chillers Combating Climate Change Solution Chillers... · Centrifugal Compressor Types reduce volume and increase pressure changing kinetic energy to pressure energy by centrifugal

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Training Class Refrigeration Cycle and Efficiency

2 stages compression to increase efficiency

Page 38: HV Chillers Combating Climate Change Solution Chillers... · Centrifugal Compressor Types reduce volume and increase pressure changing kinetic energy to pressure energy by centrifugal

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Training Class Refrigeration Cycle and Efficiency

2 stages compression to increase efficiency

Page 39: HV Chillers Combating Climate Change Solution Chillers... · Centrifugal Compressor Types reduce volume and increase pressure changing kinetic energy to pressure energy by centrifugal

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Training Class District Cooling System

District Cooling System can result in an energy

saving of 20% and 35% respectively when

compared with standalone water-cooled systems

and air-cooled system. Some basic requirements:

the area will have high cooling demand and load density

the greenfield site presents fewer constraints to the

construction of the relevant infrastructure

buildings in the area can be designed to adopt DCS

land is available for plant rooms

the development programme for the DCS fits in with the

area's development programme

Page 40: HV Chillers Combating Climate Change Solution Chillers... · Centrifugal Compressor Types reduce volume and increase pressure changing kinetic energy to pressure energy by centrifugal

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Training Class Kai Tak District Cooling System

Page 41: HV Chillers Combating Climate Change Solution Chillers... · Centrifugal Compressor Types reduce volume and increase pressure changing kinetic energy to pressure energy by centrifugal

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Training Class Kai Tak District Cooling System

Page 42: HV Chillers Combating Climate Change Solution Chillers... · Centrifugal Compressor Types reduce volume and increase pressure changing kinetic energy to pressure energy by centrifugal

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Training Class Kai Tak District Cooling System

South Plant (34,950 RT):

3 sets 1250 RT (Phase 1)

2 sets 600 RT (Phase 1)

2 sets 5000 RT (Phase 2)

3 sets 5000 RT (Phase 3 – Target on 2021)

2 sets 2500 RT (Phase 3 – Target on 2021)

North Plant (48,300 RT)

2 sets 1250 RT (Phase1)

2 sets 400 RT (Phase 1)

2 sets 2500 RT (Phase 2)

8 sets 5000 RT (Phase 3 – Target on 2021)

Page 43: HV Chillers Combating Climate Change Solution Chillers... · Centrifugal Compressor Types reduce volume and increase pressure changing kinetic energy to pressure energy by centrifugal

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Training Class District Cooling System

The West Kowloon Cultural District in Hong Kong is one of

the largest cultural developments in the world, the district

cooling system will have over 20,000TR cooling capacity

Page 44: HV Chillers Combating Climate Change Solution Chillers... · Centrifugal Compressor Types reduce volume and increase pressure changing kinetic energy to pressure energy by centrifugal

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Conclusion

We need to respond to Climate Change beyond

tomorrow – energy saving and reduce CO2

emission

Economy of Scale: efficient, scalable, sustainable

HV Compressor starting methods

Choice of Refrigerants

Energy Efficiency of Chillers

District Cooling System

Page 45: HV Chillers Combating Climate Change Solution Chillers... · Centrifugal Compressor Types reduce volume and increase pressure changing kinetic energy to pressure energy by centrifugal

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Ir Dr F.C. Chan

HV Chillers –

Combating Climate Change Solution

1 Dec 2017

Beyond Tomorrow Training Class

Thank you