humanities: poetry

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Page 1: Humanities: POETRY
Page 2: Humanities: POETRY

Meaning of the word Poetry:

Poetry is a word of Greek origin. It comes from a verb with means “to make, to create”.

A Poem is “something made or created”.

The Poet is the creator and language is the material out of which s/he creates his/her work of art.

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What is POETRY?

• Poetry is the art of expressing your thoughts in rhythmic, Descriptive language.

• Poetry is meant to be read aloud.• People use poems to describe their emotions so that

others can feel them, too.• Poems can rhyme, but they do not have to.

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Guidelines for reading Poetry:

In approaching a poem, you can ask the text some simple questions which should help you to understand it

• What is the poem about?• Who is the voice speaking in the poem?• To whom is the poem addressed?• How is the poem written?• Why has the poem been written?

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2. Francisco Baltazar

1. Issa

3. William Shakespeare

4. Elizabeth Barrett Browning

The Life of Selected Famous Poet

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Elements of POETRY

1. Rhythm2. Monorhyme3. Stanza4. Rhyme5. Rhyme Scheme6. Fibonacci7. Imagery8. Alliteration9. Simile

10. Sonnets11. Acrostic12. Cinquain13. Concrete14. Coupletes15. Diamonte16. Limericks17. Haiku18. Tanka

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1. RhythmThe music made by statements of the poem, which

includes the syllables in the lines.Sonnet CXXX by William Shakespeare

“My mistress' eyes are nothing like the sun;Coral is far more red than her lips' red:If snow be white, why then her breasts are dun;If hairs be wires, black wires grow on her head.I have seen roses damask'd, red and white,But no such roses see I in her cheeks;And in some perfumes is there more delightThan in the breath that from my mistress reeks.I love to hear her speak, yet well I knowThat music hath a far more pleasing sound:I grant I never saw a goddess go,-My mistress, when she walks, treads on the ground:And yet, I think my love as rareAs any she belied in false compare.”

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2. MonorhymeAn identical rhyme on every line, common in Latin and

Arabic. "aaaaa..."

ExampleA break from my career,to visit a new frontier.Where life is not severe,and stress will disappear.I'll become a pioneer,a new found volunteer.To help this old sphere,make it's air all clear.We will persevere,for I'm the brigadier.So as I tip my beer,lets offer up a cheer.Lets make this our yearwhere everyone will be sincere.

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3. StanzaDefines as a smaller unit or group of lines or a

paragraph in a poem. A particular stanza has a specific meter rhyme scheme, etc.

Based on the number of lines Stanzas are named as…• Couplet (2 lines)• Tercet (3 lines)• Quantrain (4 lines)• Cinquain (5 lines)• Sestet (6 lines)• Septet (7 lines)• Octave (8 lines).

LINE in poetry describes a single line of words in a poem

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What are STANZAS?A STANZAS is a group of lines in a poem. Most poems

have stanzas with 4 or more lines, though they can have fewer than 4.

“Confession” by Bruce Lansky

I have a brief confessionThat I would like to make.If I don’t get it of my chestI’m sure my heart will break.

I didn’t do my reading.I watched TV instead—while munching cookies, cakes, and chipsAnd cinnamon raisin bread.

This poem has 2 stanzas, or groups of lines. Notice that the stanzas help to give the poem more rhythm and structure.

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4. RhymeA rhyming poem has the repetition of the same or

similar sounds of two or more words, often at the end of the line.“Jabberwocky” (First Two Stanzas) by Lewis Carroll

'Twas brillig, and the slithy toves Did gyre and gimble in the wabe; All mimsy were the borogoves, And the mome raths outgrabe.

"Beware the Jabberwock, my son! The jaws that bite, the claws that catch! Beware the Jubjub bird, and shun The frumious Bandersnatch!"

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5. Rhyme SchemeDefined as pattern of rhyme. Either the last words of

the first and second lines rhyme with each other, or the first and third, second and the fourth and so on. It is denoted by alphabets like…

aabb (first line rhyming with 2nd, 3rd with 4th);

abab (1st with 3rd, 2nd with 4th);

aaba (1st with 2nd,1st with 4th ).

Rhyme Scheme: aabbTiger, tiger burning bright - ain the forest of the night - awhat immortal hand or eye - bcould frame thy fearful symmetry - b

Rhyme scheme: a-b-a-bLet me not in the marriage of true minds - aadmit impediments love is not love - bwhen it alters when it alteration finds - aor bends with the remover to remove - b

Rhyme scheme: a-a-b-a Whose woods these are I think I know - aHis house is in the village though - aHe will not see me stopping here - bTo watch his woods fill up with snow -a

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6. FibonacciThe number of syllables in each line must equal the

sum of the syllables in the two previous lines. So, start with 0 and 1, add them together to get your next number, which is also 1, 2 comes next, then add 2 and 1 to get 3, and so on. Fibonnaci: 0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21... Poetry: 1 syllable, 1 syllable, 2 syllables, 3 syllables, 5 syllables, 8 syllables, 13 syllables, 21 syllables...

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Example of Fibonacci

I like to blog. Frequently. Theory matters. Computer science (theory) is my home and geometric algorithms are sublime. Let P be a set of points in general position in the plane. Amen.

Mybraincan findsuch solacein this simple versemade of certain syllable words.

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7. ImageryIs used by the poet for readers to create an image in

their imagination. Imagery appeal to all the five senses.

“Tropical Dream” by Bruce Lansky

After tossing and turning for what mustHave been an hour or so,I find myself lying on a tropical beach,The waves gently licking the sand.I gaze up at the sky and notice some pelicansSoaring and swooping, looking for lunch.

As you read these lines, can you “see” what is being described? This is the purpose of using imagery.

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8. AlliterationIs the repetition of the beginning consonant sounds

of words within a poem.

“Dewdrops Dancing Down Daisies” by Paul Mc Cann

Don’t delay dawnsDisarming displayDusk demands daylight.Dewdrops dwell delicatelyDrawing dazzling delight.

These words all have the same Beginning sounds. Think of this as a rhyme at the start of a word, rather than the end.

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9. Simile Is a comparison between two things, and uses the

words “like”, “as”.Poets use simile to make you think of the things that they are describing in a different way.

“Predictable” by Bruce Lansky

Poor as a church mouse.strong as an ox,Cute as a button,Smart as a fox.Thin as toothpick,White as a ghost,Fit as a fiddle, dumb as a post.

This poem uses commonly known similes, or “cliches”.

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10. SonnetsSonnets are fourteen-line lyric poems, traditionally

written in iambic pentameter - that is, in lines ten syllables long, with accents falling on every second syllable

Sonnets XVIII: Shall I compare thee to a summer's day?

Shall I compare thee to a summer's day?Thou art more lovely and more temperate. Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May, And summer's lease hath all too short a date. Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines, And often is his gold complexion dimm'd; And every fair from fair sometime declines, By chance or nature's changing course untrimm'd; But thy eternal summer shall not fade Nor lose possession of that fair thou ow'st; Nor shall Death brag thou wander'st in his shade, When in eternal lines to time thou grow'st: So long as men can breathe or eyes can see, So long lives this, and this gives life to thee

William Shakespeare

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11. ACROSTICIn Acrostic poems, the first letters of each line are

aligned vertically to form a word. The word often is the subject of the poem.

WI LLI AM

S‘HAKESPEARE

ill, your Dramasknow well, of oves and loss youoved to tell,learnt from you of nger dark, revenge and ourning, witches’ hearts -

inging hunched, their cauldron guarded,ubble bubble’,ll applauded;ings and queens ven the ‘groundlings’, hying at the Globe’s surroundings.olonius’ speeches mocking,dgar, 'Poor Tom’s', fate bemoaning,nd to all the lovers watchingomeo, the star-crossed beaunchanted us with songs of woe.

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12. CinquainCinquain poems are five lines long with a certain

number of syllables or words in each. Cinquain poems do not rhyme. There are many ways to write cinquain poems. Here is an example of one cinquain pattern.

Example:

Line 1: PantherLine 2: Sleek, gracefulLine 3: Running, hiding, emergingLine 4: Happy to be freeLine 5: Cat

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13. Concrete PoetryA concrete poem is one that takes the shape of the

object it describes. This is different from a Shape poem, in that a Shape poem does NOT have to take the shape of the object it describes

I am

a very special

shape I have three points and

three lines straight. Look through my words

and you will see, the shape that I am meant to be. I'm just

not words caught in a tangle. Look close to see a small triangle. My angles

add to one hundred and eighty degrees, you learn this at school with your abc's. Practice your

maths and you will see, some other fine examples of me.

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14. CoupletsThe couplet is the easiest of the verse forms. It

consists of two lines with an end rhyme.

Example:

“Trees” by J. Kilmer

I THINK that I shall never see (a) A poem lovely as a tree. (a)

A tree whose hungry mouth is pest (b) Against the sweet earth's flowing breast; (b)

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15. DiamonteDiamonte poems are easy poems to write. You need to

think of a subject and its opposite and then follow the format listed below:

Example:

Line 1: Winter

Rainy, cold

Skiing, skating, sledding

Mountains, wind, breeze, ocean

Swimming, surfing, scuba diving

Sunny, hot

Summer

1 NOUN-A

2 ADJECTIVES-A

3 GERUNDS-A (verb + -ing)

2 NOUNS-A + 2 NOUNS-B

3 GERUNDS-B (verb + -ing)

2 ADJECTIVES-B

1 NOUN-B

Line 2:

Line 3:

Line 4:

Line 5:

Line 6:

Line 7:

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15. Diamonte

Other Examples…

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16. LimericksA limerick is a funny little poem containing five lines. The last

words of the first, second, and fifth lines rhyme with each other (A) and the last words of the third and fourth lines rhyme with each other so the pattern is AABBA.

Here is an example of a limerick:

1. There once was a girl named Cheryl (A) da DUM da da DUM da da DUM2. Who dreamed she was in great peril (A) da DUM da da DUM da da DUM3. She awoke wtth a fright B) da da DUM da da DUM4. When she discovered the sight (B) da da DUM da da DUM5. The “monster” was just a small squirrel. (A) da DUM da da DUM da da DUM

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17. HaikuA form of centuries old Japanese poetry that consists

of seventeen syllables and has nature as its subject or theme. Haiku is very short and has a 5-7-5 syllable structure with 5 syllables in the first line, 7 syllables in the second line, and 5 syllables in the third line. With just a couple of words, haiku poetry conveys emotion. It suggests that the reader look and listen to the world.

Example of Haiku by Issa:

5-7-5Everything I touchwith tenderness, alas,pricks like a bramble.

5-5-7As I lay and gazeBlue skies and white cloudsBillowing high above me

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18. TankaTanka is another form of Japanese poetry that consists

of 31 syllables (5-7-5-7-7). The themes for Tanka are love, nature, seasons, and friendships.

Example of Tanka:

WindWind blowing my faceMaking my cheeks rosy redIt's biting my noseAnd chilling through all my bonesIt is pushing me along

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