HUMANISTIC THEORY OF LEARNING

Nur Inayah ( 113-12-114 )

Akhmad Adri muzaka ( 113-12-139)

Dzulfikar Sauqy ( 113-11-

Introduction

• Humanism is a paradigm/philosophy/pedagogical approach that belives learning is viewed as a personal act to fulfil one’s petential

• Humanistic “theories” of learning tend to be highly value-driven and hence more like presciptions ( about what ought to happen ) rather then descriptions ( of what does happen )

• Humanistic theories is the theory that closed with humanistic phsycology. Humanistic theory is third force after behaviourism and phsycodinamic theory on the learning.

• The theory of teaching is rooted from the basis of the theory of human nature

• In this theory, each individual is unique and that all individuals have a desire to grow in a positive way.

Important figure of the theory

1. Abraham MaslowAn American psychologistand an a pshycologyprofessor. Born at April 1,1908 on Brooklyn, New York.He was the first of seven children born to his parents. To satisfy his parents, he first studied law at the City College of New York (CCNY).After three semesters, he transferred to Cornell, and then back to CCNY.BA in 1930, MA in 1931, and PhD in 1934, all in psychology, and all from the University of Wisconsin.Work with monkeys early in his career Some needs take precedence over others, e.g. taking care of the thirst over hunger.Thirst is a “stronger” need than hunger.

( wikipedia.com/abrahammaslow/.html )

2. Carl RogersCarl grew up on a farm in Illinois, developing an interest in biology & agriculture. Expressing emotions was not allowed in the Rogers household & it took its toll on Carl who developed an ulcer at 15.Rogers went to the University of Wisconsin to study agriculture in 1919.He finished his degree and left for Union Theological Seminary in NY to become a minister.1926 left seminary to study psychology.Rogers believed that humans are basically good.He argued that we have an innate drive to reach an optimal sense of ourselves & satisfaction with our lives

wikipedia.com/carlrogers/.html

Humanstic Ideas of Learning

• Learning occurs on the basis of a person’s motivation, derived from needs, the desire to grow in positive ways, self-concept, and subjective feelings.

• Learning is facilitated by caring facilitators and a nurturing environment that encourage spontaneity, creativity, emotional expression, and positive choices.

• According to the Maslow, Humanistic theory included five types of needs

Physiological Needs

• Needs for food, water, air, etc.

• One function of civilization is to satisfy these needs so we can focus on the higher ones

• Behavioral research usually studies at this level

Safety Needs

• Needs for safety, order, security, etc.

• Focused on after physiological needs met

• Most commonly seen in children

• Seen in some mental disorders (e.g., Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, Anxiety Disorders, Dependent Personality Disorder)

Love & belonging Needs

• The need for affiliation, for friends, supportive family, group identification, intimate relationships

• This level and higher ones often not satisfied even in affluent countries

• These needs being unfulfilled at the root of many mental disturbances (depression, Borderline Personality Disorder)

• Need to receive and to give love

Esteem Needs

• Need to be held in high regard by self and others (not just “self-esteem”)

• comes from mastery, achievement, adequacy, feelings of competence, confidence, independence

• Ideally this need met by the deserved respect of others

Self-actualization Needs

• A person must actualize, that is make real, what exists inside them as a potential

• A person must remarkable and individuals to growth

Advantages of humanistic Theory

• Focuses on honesty, Integrity, manners, respect for others, & accepting responsibility for self-development

• Students engage in all aspects of learning experiences—teachable moments

• Appropriate for learning critical thinking, problem solving, & different points of view

• Taking the relationship between teachers and students and teaching style into consideration

Disadvantages of Humanistic Theory

• Emphasizing the student’s potential unilaterally, ignoring the effect of environment and education

• Emphasizing the center position of students excessively, influencing the sufficiency of education and teaching

• Extending the students’ interest and hobby excessively, underestimating the power of society and education

• Underestimating the effect of teacher

• Humanistic Learning studies human needs and interests with the intent of providing some all-round basis for personal growth and development.

• The purpose of humanistic on education is to provide a foundation for personal growth and development so that learning will continue throughout life in a self-directed manner (DeCarvalho, 1991).

Five Basic Objectives of Humanistic

• Promote positive self-direction and independence (development of the regulatory system);

• develop the ability to take responsibility for what is learned (regulatory and affective systems);

• Develop creativity (divergent thinking aspect of cognition);

• Curiosity (exploratory behavior, a function of imbalance or dissonance in any of the systems); and

• An interest in the arts (primarily to develop the affective/emotional system).

(gage and berliner, 1991 )

Human Principles of Learning

• Students should be able to choose what they wants to learn

• The goal of education should be foster students’ desire to learn and teach them how to learn

• Humanistic educators believe that grades are irrelevant and that only self-evaluation is meaningful

• Humanistic educators believe that both feelings and knowledge are important learning process

• Humanistic education insist that school needs

Humant Dynamics

• Education motivates student to develop their potential & progress to self-actualization

• Motivation: needs, desire to grow, self-concept

• Educator: act as facilitator who respects learner’s uniqueness and provides freedom to feel, express, and grow creatively

• Transfer: positive or negative feelings and choices as well as freedom to learn, promote, or inhibit transfer

Application Humanistic Theory on the Learning

• Teachers as fasilitator to students on the learning process.

• Teacher chooses and enforces his choice, and student comply

• Teacher chooses the program content, and student adapt to it

• Teacher acts and students have the illusion of acting trhough the action of he teacher

• Teacher is subject the learning process, while the puplis are mere objects