humanism kimberley a. clow [email protected] office hour: thursdays 2-3pm office: s302
TRANSCRIPT
HumanismHumanismKimberley A. ClowKimberley A. Clow
[email protected]@uwo.cahttp://instruct.uwo.ca/psychology/257e-570http://instruct.uwo.ca/psychology/257e-570
Office Hour: Thursdays 2-3pmOffice Hour: Thursdays 2-3pmOffice: S302Office: S302
OutlineOutline
Setting the StageSetting the Stage HumanismHumanism PhenomenologyPhenomenology RogersRogers
– CongruenceCongruence– Client-Centered TherapyClient-Centered Therapy
MaslowMaslow– Hierarchy of NeedsHierarchy of Needs– Self-ActualizersSelf-Actualizers
Setting the StageSetting the Stage
HistoricallyHistorically– After World War IIAfter World War II– IndustrializationIndustrialization
Psychological TheoriesPsychological Theories– PsychoanalysisPsychoanalysis– BehaviourismBehaviourism
Societal IssuesSocietal Issues– People being replaced by machinesPeople being replaced by machines– Irrational, negative human behaviourIrrational, negative human behaviour
HumanismHumanism
Philosophical Philosophical movement that movement that emphasized the emphasized the worth of the worth of the individual and the individual and the centrality of centrality of human valueshuman values
PhenomenologyPhenomenology
Reality is subjectiveReality is subjective– Measuring empirical truth Measuring empirical truth
misses out on the misses out on the experience of the individualexperience of the individual
– Personal experience is Personal experience is everythingeverything Who does this remind you of?Who does this remind you of?
IntrospectionIntrospection– Trained participantsTrained participants– Studied sensations & Studied sensations &
memorymemory
Phenomenological RealityPhenomenological Reality
Person-Centered TherapyPerson-Centered Therapy
Striving for self-Striving for self-actualizationactualization– Conditions of Worth interfereConditions of Worth interfere
Supportive emotional Supportive emotional environment that facilitates environment that facilitates self-actualizationself-actualization– GenuinenessGenuineness– EmpathyEmpathy– Unconditional Positive RegardUnconditional Positive Regard– RespectRespect
Carl Rogers
Development of SelfDevelopment of Self
Blush TestBlush Test– Development of self-Development of self-
conceptconcept Organismic Valuing Organismic Valuing
ProcessProcess– What does this What does this
remind you of?remind you of?
Conflicting SelvesConflicting Selves
DefencesDefences
IncongruityIncongruity– Leads to threatening Leads to threatening
situationsituation– Threatening situation Threatening situation
causes anxietycauses anxiety– Anxiety signals our Anxiety signals our
defencesdefences TypesTypes
– DenialDenial– Perceptual DistortionPerceptual Distortion
Roger’s in a Nutshell
Fully Functioning PersonFully Functioning Person
Humans have a natural tendency to Humans have a natural tendency to move toward becoming a fully move toward becoming a fully functioning personfunctioning person– Openness to ExperienceOpenness to Experience– Existential LivingExistential Living– Organismic TrustingOrganismic Trusting– Experiential FreedomExperiential Freedom– CreativityCreativity
Client-Centered TherapyClient-Centered Therapy
Communicating one-on-Communicating one-on-oneone– IntrospectionIntrospection– Self-disclosureSelf-disclosure– Reflected feelingsReflected feelings
TechniquesTechniques– ListeningListening– AcceptingAccepting– RespectingRespecting– UnderstandingUnderstanding– RespondingResponding
Stages of TherapyStages of Therapy Clients progress through multiple Clients progress through multiple
stages in the therapeutic relationshipstages in the therapeutic relationship– Communicate about external thingsCommunicate about external things– Talk about feelingsTalk about feelings
Don’t own themDon’t own them– Self is objectified and stuck in pastSelf is objectified and stuck in past– Experiences feelings in presentExperiences feelings in present
Associated with distrust & fearAssociated with distrust & fear Later embracedLater embraced
– Acceptance of self and feelingsAcceptance of self and feelings– Trusts new experiencesTrusts new experiences
Relates to others openly & freelyRelates to others openly & freely
JokeJoke Patient to Rogerian therapistPatient to Rogerian therapist
– Patient: I'm really depressed.Patient: I'm really depressed.– Therapist: I see. Yes. You are depressed.Therapist: I see. Yes. You are depressed.– P: Nothing is going well.P: Nothing is going well.– T: Nothing well.T: Nothing well.– P: I feel like killing myself.P: I feel like killing myself.– T: You're thinking of killing yourself.T: You're thinking of killing yourself.– P: Yes, I'm going to do it NOW.P: Yes, I'm going to do it NOW.– T: You want to do it now.T: You want to do it now.– P: [Jumps out window.]P: [Jumps out window.]– T: Whoosh. Splat. T: Whoosh. Splat.
Self-ActualizationSelf-Actualization
Innate process by Innate process by which a person tends which a person tends to grow spiritually to grow spiritually and realize their full and realize their full potentialpotential– RogersRogers
goal of lifegoal of life
– MaslowMaslow one of many goalsone of many goals
Hierarchy of NeedsHierarchy of Needs
Self-Actualized PeopleSelf-Actualized People
MotivationsMotivations
Self-Actualizers have a Self-Actualizers have a qualitatively different qualitatively different lifelife– Being MotivationsBeing Motivations– (B-motives)(B-motives)
Inner growth Inner growth
Everyone elseEveryone else– Deficiency MotivationsDeficiency Motivations– (D-motives)(D-motives)
Need Directed PerceptionNeed Directed Perception
Abraham Maslow
Metaneeds & Metaneeds & MetapathologiesMetapathologies
TruthTruth GoodnessGoodness BeautyBeauty UnityUnity AlivenessAliveness UniquenessUniqueness PerfectionPerfection CompletionCompletion
JusticeJustice SimplicitySimplicity ComprehensivenesComprehensivenes
ss EffortlessnessEffortlessness PlayfulnessPlayfulness Self-SufficiencySelf-Sufficiency MeaningfulnessMeaningfulness