humane copenhaguen- 21st april

François CAVALIER- Université Claude Bernard Lyon1- Couperin

1

HUMANECopenhaguen- 21st April

Accessing Scientific Information in the electronic era:

a general overview


2

Summary

ContextThe role of Consortia: a europan

overviewKey issues for the dissemination of

scientific information Open-access & open access repositories


3

Accessing Scientific Information in the electronic era

1- CONTEXT


4

Context : A continuous serials price increase


5

A fast growth of electronic resources

0

20004000

6000

800010000

1200014000

16000

1800020000

1997 1999 2001 2003

Number of titles

Full Text Sources on line/ed. M. B. GLOSE in Information today


6

CONTEXT

A marketplace dominated by great international companies

Global trends in merging :- Elsevier=Academic Press, Lexis-Nexis, Cell Press,

Beilstein, Masson…- Springer-Kluwer Merger (merged in Springer

Science+Business Media)- Taylor & Francis= Carfax, Routledge, CRC Press,

Swets…And this is not a good thing for patrons


7

Problems

Documentation costs grow faster than library budgets (Publishers charge extra for online access); Even the wealthiest institution cannot purchase access to all the information that all of its researchers require

Site-licenses and consortia deals have helped, but mainly in the richest countries

Dissatisfaction with the current scholarly communication model : research funded by public grants given to no cost to publishers


8


2- The role of consortia : a european overview


9

The role of Consortia in Europe*

Strengths and weaknesses of consortiaNever forget that consortia exist because publishers

need them at the moment

Library cooperation and the creation of consortia are directly influenced by :

The political and administrative system in the individual countries

- The past cooperation experience between libraries

* Cf. T. Giordano. Library consortia in Europe. Europ. Univ. Institute. Firenze


10

Consortia in Europe

Nordic countries, GB, Germany, Switzerland… :Cooperation practice : ++

More centralized organizations in nordic countries (Finelib), France (Couperin), Great Britain (JISC)...

More regional organisations in Germany, Spain, Italy….

Status of consortia :Generally, a light status (association, plain agreement

between libraries…) : a strength (adaptability) a weakness (light legal basis)


11

Consortia in Europe

FUNDING :

Many cases :- Central Funding (Finland, Sweden, Great

Britain…)- Cost sharing between members (Italy,France)- Support from national organization for some

national projects (France: state subsidies for purchasing groups, Germany: DFG, …)


12

The role of Consortia in Europe

Consortia deal with :1- Purchasing and Licensing electronic

documentation (buying club activities : All consortia)

2- Carrying out broader objectives (some consortia) such as:Promoting technological cooperation : information systems, portals, Archiving, Digital repositories, open access initiatives…


13

PURCHASING & LICENSING ACTIVITY

1- KEY ISSUES FOR THE PURCHASING ACTIVITY

GETTING BETTER PRICES :- Prices increase are far more higher than inflation rate

GETTING BETTER PRICING MODELS :- Electronic costs still based on paper suscription turn-

over- How to get out of « Big deals »? Towards more

flexibility


14

LICENSING ACTIVITY

WHAT’S LICENSING? Defining the terms of the agreement :

- The population who access to the information and the way its accesses to it

- The use of the information- The archival rights and their management- ILL rights…- Legal terms : the language used for the contract and

the place of legal contestWe still have to make progress in this commercial

and legal process


15

PURCHASING & LICENSING ACTIVITY

What could we do at the european level?

- Share more information about licensing negotiations (ICOLC)- Settle a single agreement with big publishers for several

european countries?

A dream? Transnational deals exist (GRACO)- Introducing new conditions for the negotiation towards

cancelling print suscription : alternatives to the Big deal


16


3- Key issues for the dissemination of the scientific information


17

KEY ISSUES

LONG TERM ARCHIVING :- From a landlord condition to a tenant one : we own print

journals, we get access to e-information- How archiving the information bought and managing the

access rights of many institutions?- KLB manage the archives of ScienceDirect, ABES&CINES in

France too

We must include in our contracts additional clauses for long term archiving


18

KEY ISSUES

REAPPROPIATING SCIENTIFIC COMMUNICATION BY RESEARCHERS

DEVELOPPING OPEN-ACCESS SOLUTIONS


19

KEY ISSUES

Steps of the open-access movement :- 1990 : First free scientific electronic journals- 1991 : ArXiv launched by Paul Ginsparg in Los

Alamos (2001: Cornell university)- 1993 : CERN launched its preprint server- 1998 : SPARC launched by ARL- 1999 : Open Archive Initiative (Santa Fe meeting)- 2000 : Biomed central : 1st free on-line article- 2002 : Public Library of Science (PLOS) : 2 OA Jrnls- 2003 : DOAJ (2199 on-line free available jrnals in06)


20

KEY ISSUES

Steps of the open-access movement (2) :

Declarations :

- 2002 : Budapest open Access Initiative (BOAI) by the Open society institute

- 2003 : Bethesda statement on OA publishing- 2003 : Berlin declaration on OA access to knowledge- 2005 : EBLIDA statement endorsed OA


21

KEY ISSUES

2 ways for delivering OA research articles :- open access repositories- open access journals1- OA Archives or repositories : Contents : pre- or postprints, theses… Belong to an

institution (university, research institutions or disciplines : ArXiv in Physics…)

OAI-MH made them interoperable (metadata harvesting)

Low costs : server space+human resource


22

Sherpa-Romeo


23

KEY ISSUES

OAISTER

OAIster is a project of the University of Michigan Digital Library Production Service. A collection of freely available academically-oriented digital resources.

When you search in OAIster, you're searching a wide variety of collections from a wide variety of institutions. These institutions have made the records of their digital resources available to us, and we have gathered and aggregated them into the OAIster service.

7,145,022 records from 620 institutions (updated 19 April 2006)


24

KEY ISSUES

ROAR : REGISTRY of OPEN ACCESS REPOSITORIES ArchivesIn United States 184 Sweden 25 United Kingdom 69 Italy 23 Germany 62 France 31 Netherlands 19 Spain 13 Belgium 9 Denmark 8Portugal 5 Switzerland 5Finland 4 Austria3Greece 3 Norway 3Ireland 2 Slovenia 1http://archives.eprints.org/


25

KEY ISSUES

OA Repositories :A national initiative in France :

May 2006 : Agreement between Research institutions (CNRS, Inserm…) and Universities (CPU : University Presidents Conference) with the support of the Education Ministry to manage together HAL application (On-line Hyperarticle) of the CCSD (Direct Communication Center of CNRS).

All french researchers will be invited to archive their publications in HAL. Libraries will take part in the administration process


26

CCSD


27

KEY ISSUES FOR CONSORTIA

2- Open-access journals:

Peer-reviewed information; journal process

Costs : peer-review, manuscript preparation, server space

Economic model : author pays model (actually, most of the time, institutions pay).


28


2- Examples :

- CogPrints (S. Harnad, )

- BIOMED Central

- Springer Open choice

- CENS (France)...


29


Questions :Open access : a panacea?- Undoubtedly, OA repositories : a good way to make

information freely available, - to get long term archives which will prevent us from

purchasing them from publishers.But, not an alternative to journal holdings even if the avaibility of journals via OA archives is taken in account for cancellationsThe threat of journal cancellations : more on peripheral journals than on core ones. More on aggregators than on publishers.


30


Questions :OA journals : the next step for publishing system beyond

toll access?Quite a difficult point :- Not sure that OA journals will be less expensive (Cf.

Cornell study)- Publishers under pressure to make OA concessions

seeking to redefine it by introducing self-archiving embargoes.

- We don’t have a clear definition of what OA is and what it entails


31

HUMANE- Copenhague

Scientific publication is in a hybrid phase combining OA and toll-access

[email protected]

humane copenhaguen- 21st april

Documents

status of consortia

library consortia

consortia deals

creation of consortia

electronic era2

online access

great britaincost

academic press