human social interaction social neuroscience research

Human Social InteractionSocial Neuroscience Research

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First half

MeWhat to expect

course contentcourse websitecourse assessment

Second half

Social cognitive neuroscienceSCN methodsSome bits of the brain

In this lecture

Short break

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X

complain

Human Social InteractionSocial Neuroscience Research

Dr. Roger NewportRoom B47

Office Hours: Tuesdays 12-2

www.psychology.nottingham.ac.uk/staff/rwn

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C8CSNR - introduction to course content

Human Social Interaction Research Proposal

What is the module about?The neuroscience of H.S.I

Recognition of others’ Emotions

visual cuesauditory cues

Actionsfrom eye movementsfrom limb and body movements

Mindshow do we know what other people are thinking?

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Interpreting othersUsing neuroscience

Emotions

Minds

Actions

Threatperception

Fear recognitionswearing Clangers

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Understanding emotion

From visual cues From auditory cues

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Emotions

Minds

Actions

Threatperception


Predicting other’sactions

Knowing self vs.other’s actions

Social perceptionfrom visual cues

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Understanding actions

From body movements

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From eye movements

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Understanding Actions fromImplied motion and biological motion

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Self/other representationsTelling our own actions from the actions of others

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Emotions

Minds

Actions

Threatperception





StereotypingMisinterpreting others

Theory of Mind(mind reading)

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Theory of mind SimulationWhat happens next?

Understanding Mindsknowing what others know

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Predicting the actions of others from visual cues

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Understanding the Neuroscience - we will talk about…Methods like these Pictures like these

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RF

RF

RF

Emotions

Minds

Actions

Threatperception





StereotypingMisinterpreting others

Theory of Mind(mind reading)

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course content

Taught Lectures

approximately 2 hours long

two 50 minute sessions with time at the end for questions

6 lectures in total (not inc. this one)

will provide the background to your research proposal topic

will be interspersed with revision/feedback lectures

Revision/Feedback Lectures

not lectures as such

to revisit difficult areas

will be student-led - you provide the questions

questions and queries must be submitted 5 days before lecture

+ Feedback/advice about assessments

15course content

C8CSNR

20 credits - year long

Coursework with some lectures

3 research proposals - each worth 33%

Approx. 7 weeks between each proposal deadline

Deadline details will be available on the website once confirmed

More details atwww.psychology.nottingham.ac.uk/staff/rwn/C83SNR/Intro.html

course content - summary 16

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course content important dates 17

Module Structure - a module with a difference

What you won’t do

Exams

Dissertations

Multiple Choice

Data Collection

Introduction to course assessment 18

Module Structure - a module with a difference

What you will do

Listen to some lectures

Read about something that interests you the most (a PDF library is provided to get you started)

Think of an experiment that would advance our knowledge of that subject

Price up your experiment

Write up your experiment proposal

X 3

course assessment 19

course assessment - the form 20

Equipment Cost Participants Cost

MRI scanner +

per subject 300+

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Students Free

PET scanner +

per subject 300+

10

Autists 20

MEG per +

per subject 300+

10

Age matched controls 10

EEG/ERP 300 Monkeys 75

EMG 100 Sheep 40

TMS 200 Rats 20

Eye Tracker 100

Motion Tracker 200

Computers free

Basic Monkey lab

500

Brain damage per hemisphere

general area e.g. frontal/temporal)

specific focal (e.g. dPFC / IPL)

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Choose your equipment and participants


What should the proposals contain? Each 2,500 word research proposal should detail the background, rationale, methodology and expected outcomes of one or more make-believe experiments investigating a particular HSI issue. The word limit is an absolute maximum and a set form should be used. Each proposal must be submitted 5 weeks after each mini lecture series.

What is required?Imagination and a good understanding of a specific research area in HSI.

Can I choose any topic? Yes, as long as it is related to the lecture material. Check with me if you are not sure.

Can I invent any experiment? Yes, but within limits. You can use any equipment or participant groups you want, so long as you stay within a specified budget. Equipment and participants have a cost roughly relating to how rare that equipment or participant is in real life. You have a maximum of 1500 units to spend.

course assessment FAQ 24

What can we get from you? Practically nothing in terms of ideas for experiments, but periodic feedback will be given as well as some web-based support (in addition to lectures of course).I can tell you if an experiment is plausible and within the scope of the course and I can help with budget queries. 1 email rule.

Anything else we should know? You will have to show that you understand the procedural and analysis requirements for any proposed experiments as well as having a solid rationale and sensible potential outcomes that are theoretically relevant to social neuroscience. If you don’t feel up to that you should bale out now.

What else? All proposed experiments must be original (theoretically relevant modifications to existing paradigms are allowed, replications are not).

What if my great idea gets published before I hand it in? You can bank ideas with me by email if you are worried that they might be stolen by real scientists.


What you will write about

Why it would be an interesting thing to study (background)

What you would hope to find out (Q.’s to be answered)

How you would do it (plan of investigation)

How you would analyse it (details of data analysis)

What you think you would find (expected outcomes)

What could go wrong (details of difficulties foreseen)

What it all means (future purpose and theoretical implications)


How will it be marked?according to lab report guidelines in Handbook

(this is not true)When will it be marked?

soon after submission(this is true)When will I get my marks back?

that is a very good questionPROVISIONAL marks should be available2-3 weeks after submission

What kind of feedback can I get?Individual feedback will not be possibleGroup feedback between each submission


Course website - useful pages 28

www.psychology.nottingham.ac.uk/staff/rwn/C83SNR

All handouts & lectures can be downloaded from the web

Large print or full page versions can also be made

Username: c8clhs (lowercase!!) Password: hsipfn

Several very relevant journal articles and review articles are available as PDFs on the web-site

This is not an exhaustive list. Further reading is freely available through internet and library resources

Revision questions should be submitted through the web-site.

http://www.psychology.nottingham.ac.uk/staff/rwn/C83SNR

Course Reading

Recommended Books: None

Best course material is source material (i.e. journal articles).Many are available from my web-page library.Many more available on request. They are:freeup-to-date Vital for being on the cutting edge of research (which will help you get a good mark).

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*Good primer reading available on web page*

www.sciencedirect.com

PubMedhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez

Web of Science

Useful websites 30

How to read a journal article.

Google

Author webpages

http://www.sciencedirect.com/

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez

A short break

Introduction to cognitive social neuroscience

Social cognitive neuroscience:An integrated interdisciplinary field

asks questions about topics traditionally of interest to social psychologists (such as emotion regulation, attitude change, or stereotyping)

using cognitive neuroscience methods (such as functional brain imaging and neuropsychological patient analysis)

NB: This course will concentrate mainly on aspects of social interaction that are non-verbal and are concerned with the interpreting the actions and emotions of other people 31

Why do we want to know about brain activity?

We already know that behaviour involves the brain(e.g. Gage, Tan, Bertino)

brain localization can be helpful in solving psychological models

Models use hypothetical representations and processes.

Automatic process:The boy’s a fool

Controlled process:Some of my best friends are presidents

Hypothetical representation

D

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We already know that behaviour involves the brain(e.g. Gage, Tan, Bertino)

brain localization can be helpful in solving psychological models

Models use hypothetical representations and processes.

Automatic process:The boy’s a fool

Controlled process:Some of my best friends are lecturers

Hypothetical representation

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We can observe a behaviour and construct a hypothetical model to explain that behaviour (e.g. Bruce and Young face processing model)

Evidence in support of models is based on whether they can account for behavioural data

On the face of it, models work because they can explain observable behaviour

And they can be modified to incorporate new, unusual behaviour

Observed behaviourVisual input Processing unit

Except on Tuesdays34


Visual input

Face processing unit

Emotion processing unit

AngerFear

Visual input

Fear P.U Anger P.U

AngerFear

Problem - More than one model can explain the same data

so how do we tell which one is correct?

Two potential models for the processing of facial expressions of fear and anger

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Behavioural measures such as RT data

How do we differentiate between models?

Visual input

Face processing unit

Emotion processing unit

AngerFear

Visual input

Fear P.U Anger P.U

AngerFear

Brain localization

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Cognitive neuroscience methods

Single Cell recordingAnimal studiesOpen head surgery

Brain ImagingPETfMRIEEGMEGTMS

Patient studiesDiseaseDegenerationHead TraumaStrokeCongenital abnormalityPsychiatric patients

Three main techniques

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Single Cell recording 38

Patient RM

Patient MLlesion studies

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+ monkey lesions

ProblemsLarge lesionsUp/downstreamWhite matter etc.Overlay issues

Brain imaging 40

Brain imaging – PET & fMRI

PET and fMRI provide indirect measures of blood flow (haemodynamic response)

BOLD (Blood Oxygen Level Dependent) fMRI provides a measure of haemodynamic adjustments

Good spatial resolution, poor temporal resolution

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Results often displayed on maps like these

Functional brain imaging and lesion studies often try to localise constructs such as lexical access or motor sequence learning

Localising the brain activity associated with a construct is compelling evidence for the psychological reality of the construct e.g. Theory of Mind.

Brain imaging42

Subject. One mature Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) participated in the fMRI study. The salmon was approximately 18 inches long, weighed 3.8 lbs, and was not alive at the time of scanning.

Task. The task administered to the salmon involved completing an open-ended mentalizing task. The salmon was shown a series of photographs depicting human individuals in social situations with a specified emotional valence. The salmon was asked to determine what emotion the individual in the photo must have been experiencing.

EEG/ERP

EEG is a measurement of the electrical activity in the brain created when neurons fire

ERPs are a type of EEG EEG measurement time-locked to an experimental eventGood temporal resolutionPoor spatial resolution

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MEG (Magnetoencephalograpgy)

Measurement of magnetic fields occurring outside the head as a result of naturally occurring electrical activity in the brain

Better spatial resolution than EEG/ERP

Relatively rare

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Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS)?

Uses electromagnetic induction to temporarily disrupt brain function

Can be very focal

Very high temporal resolution

Can induce seizures

+ need to exercise caution with vulnerable populations

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Brain regions - knowing which bit is which

The almost complete list of brain regions we will cover

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Brain regions - knowing which bit is which 48

BA44Broca’s AreaLeft inferior frontal gyrusLeft frontal operculumLeft ventral premotor area

Social cognitive neuroscience is an integrated interdisciplinary field that asks questions about social psychology using cognitive neuroscience methods

Social psychology is riddled with hypothetical models (as well as rubbish experiments and unexplored avenues of research).

Knowledge about brain function can help differentiate between models

Cognitive neuroscience provides information about brain function

Summary 49

No single neuroscience method can provide all the answers

Summary

Not all social processes can be localised (not all problems can be solved)

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Your task, should you choose to accept it, is to learn about SCN topics and design experiments that provide answers to problems.

Don’t panic (yet).

Next Week: Understanding others’ emotions from visual cues

human social interaction social neuroscience research

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