HUMAN RIGHTS REFLECTED IN FLOWERS FOR ALGERNON (1966) NOVEL BY

DANIEL KEYES: A SOCIOLOGICAL APPROACH

RESEARCH PAPER

Submitted as a Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements

for Getting Bachelor Degree of Education

in English Department

by:

DWI NANDA YULIAWAN

A320130053

DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH EDUCATION

SCHOOL OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION

MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA

2017

v

MOTTO

‘’Success? I don’t know what that word means. I’m happy.

But success, that goes back to what in somebody’s eyes success means.

For me, success is inner peace. That’s good day for me.’’

(Denzel Washington)

‘’Passion is a treasure. Find it.

Then follow the passion and enjoy the truth of happiness.’’

(Nanda Yuliawan)

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DEDICATION

This research paper is dedicated to:

My parents. Mrs. Sarsi Muhayani who always loves me, takes care of me, and gives me the best things in my

life. Mr. Sukimin who loves me by his own way.

My one and only big brother, Andiana Ferisetiawan who always supports and gives me efficacious motivation to

keep me on fire.

All of my marvelous English department friends.

I love you all because you’re awesome just like me.

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Assalamu’alaikum Wr. Wb

Alhamdulillahhirabbil’alamin. All praises belong to Allah SWT to his blessing given

to the researcher, so the researcher could complete his research paper entitled HUMAN

RIGHTS REFLECTED IN FLOWERS FOR ALGERNON (1966) NOVEL BY DANIEL

KEYES: A SOCIOLOGICAL APPROACH. In conducting this research, the researcher

got so many helps from many people. The researcher would like to express his deepest

gratitude and appreciation to the people in the following list:

1. Prof. Dr. Harun Joko Prayitno, M.Hum., the Dean of School of Teacher Training and

Education, Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta.

2. Mauly Halwat Hikmat, Ph.D., the Chief of Department English Education,

Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta.

3. Titis Setyabudi, S.S, M.Hum., as the consultant and also the first examiner who has

supported and encouraged the researcher to conduct this research by giving the best

advices and suggestions, so the researcher can broaden his knowledge about literature.

4. Dr. Abdillah Nugroho, M.Hum., as the second consultant who has examined, given

correction, advice patiently, so the research paper can be finished.

5. Dr. Phil. Dewi Candraningrum, S.Pd., M.Ed., as the third consultant who has

examined, given correction, advice patiently. So, the research paper can be finished as

well.

6. Drs. Maryadi, M.A., as Academic Advisor who always encourages the researcher and

gives his best advice and suggestions.

7. All lectures of Department of English Education who have become such great

education and for giving uncountable knowledge to the researcher.

8. EDSO who gives me the best experiences and opportunities.

9. My friend of mine, Aziz, Hemix, Riza, Rifki, Rizal, Afel, Dara, Wenny, Putik, and all

members of Class B ‘’Kejora’’ who give me an awesome lesson during living and

lecturing in UMS.

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10. My helpmates, Yusro, Ibnu, and Lena who share the good and bad during conducting

this paper.

11. The Youngster team, who give the research valuable experience.

12. All people who can not mentioned one by one. Thank you for helping to complete this

research paper.

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TABLE OF CONTENTENT

TITTLE PAGE................................................................................................................ i

APPROVAL SHEET ...................................................................................................... ii

ACCEPTANCE ............................................................................................................... iii

PRONOUNCEMENT ..................................................................................................... iv

MOTTOS ......................................................................................................................... v

DEDICATION................................................................................................................. vi

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT .............................................................................................. vii

TABLE OF CONTENT .................................................................................................. ix

ABSTRACT ..................................................................................................................... xii

CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION

A. Background of the Study ...................................................................................... 1

B. Problem Statement ................................................................................................ 6

C. Objective of the Study .......................................................................................... 6

D. Limitation of the Study ......................................................................................... 7

E. Benefit of the Study .............................................................................................. 7

F. Paper Organization................................................................................................ 7

CHAPTER II: LITERATURE REVIEW

A. Underlying Theory ................................................................................................ 8

1. Sociology of Literature ............................................................................. 8

2. Major Principle of Sociology of Literature ............................................. 9

a. Literary as the Social Document ........................................................ 9

b. Literary Works as the Reflection of Social Situation of the Writer ... 10

c. Literary Works as the Manifestation of the Historical Moment ........ 11

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3. Theory of Science Fiction Novel .............................................................. 11

4. Notion of Human Rights ........................................................................... 13

B. Previous Studies .................................................................................................... 21

C. Theoretical Application ........................................................................................ 23

CHAPTER III: RESEARCH METHOD

A. Type of the Study .................................................................................................. 24

B. Object of the Study ............................................................................................... 24

C. Type of the Data and the Data Source .................................................................. 24

D. Technique of the Data Collection ......................................................................... 25

E. Technique of Analyzing Data ............................................................................... 25

CHAPTER IV: HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF THE UNITED STATES IN THE

MIDDLE OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY

A. Social Aspect ........................................................................................................ 26

B. Economic Aspect .................................................................................................. 29

C. Political Aspect .................................................................................................... 31

D. Scientific and Technological Aspect .................................................................... 34

E. Cultural Aspect .................................................................................................... 37

F. Religious Aspect .................................................................................................. 39

CHAPTER V: SOCIOLOGICAL ASPECT

A. Sociological Analysis............................................................................................ 41

1. Social Aspect ........................................................................................... 41

2. Economic Aspect ..................................................................................... 43

3. Scientific and Technological Aspect ....................................................... 45

4. Cultural Aspect ........................................................................................ 47

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5. Religious Aspect ...................................................................................... 48

B. Human Rights Analysis ....................................................................................... 49

1. Rights to Life ........................................................................................... 50

2. Rights to Equal Protection ....................................................................... 50

3. Rights to Human Dignity ......................................................................... 52

4. Rights of a Child ...................................................................................... 53

5. Rights to Against Exploitation ................................................................. 55

6. Rights to Work ......................................................................................... 56

7. Rights to Education .................................................................................. 57

8. Rights of Disabled Person ........................................................................ 58

C. Reasons of the Author .......................................................................................... 59

CHAPTER VI: CONCLUSION, SUGGESTION, AND PEDAGOGICAL

IMPLICATION

A. Conclusion ........................................................................................................... 61

B. Suggestion ............................................................................................................ 62

C. Pedagogical Implication ....................................................................................... 63

BIBLIOGRAPHY .......................................................................................................... 64

VIRTUAL REFERENCES ........................................................................................... 68

APPENDIX ..................................................................................................................... 69

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HUMAN RIGHTS REFLECTED IN FLOWERS FOR ALGERNON (1966) NOVEL BY

DANIEL KEYES: A SOCIOLOGICAL APPROACH

Abstract

This study aims to find out the human rights and analyze the purpose of Daniel Keyes

toward Flowers for Algernon (1966) novel. The writer uses qualitative method. The writer

uses two data sources: primary and secondary. Primary data source is Flowers for Algernon

(1966) novel by Daniel Keyes. Secondary data source includes literature books, articles, and

website that are related to the novel and the author. Method of collecting data is descriptive.

Technique of analyzing data uses descriptive qualitative. Based on the sociological analysis,

the writer finds five aspects, including: social aspect, economic aspect, scientific and

technological aspect, cultural aspect, and religion aspect in the Flowers for Algernon (1966)

novel by Daniel Keyes. Daniel Keyes states that all of human beings have equal rights,

parents must realize their potential child, and as the member of society, we must change our

mindset toward disabilities.

Keywords: human rights, the author’s purpose, sociological approach

Abstrak

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengungkap hak asasi manusia dan menganalisis

tujuan dari Daniel Keyes terhadap novel Flowers for Algernon (1966). Penulis menggunakan

metode kualitatif. Penulis menggunakan dua sumber data: primer dan sekunder. Sumber data

primer adalah novel Flowers for Algernon (1966) oleh Daniel Keyes. Sumber data sekunder

meliputi buku-buku sastra, artikel-artikel, dan website yang berhubungan dengan novel dan

penulis. Metode pengoleksian data adalah deskriptif. Teknik menganalisis data menggunakan

deskriptif kualitatif. Berdasarkan analisis sosiologi, penulis menemukan lima aspek, meliputi:

aspek sosial, aspek ekonomi, aspek ilmu dan teknologi, aspek kultural, dan aspek religi pada

novel Flowers for Algernon (1966) oleh Daniel Keyes. Penulis juga menyimpulkan tujuan

dari Daniel Keyes terhadap hak asasi manusia pada novel Flowers for Algernon (1966).

Daniel Keyes menyatakan bahwa semua manusia mempunyai persamaan hak-hak, orang tua

harus menyadari potensi anak mereka, dan sebagai anggota masyarakat kita harus mengubah

pola pikir terhadap disabilitas.

Kata kunci: hak asasi manusia, tujuan penulis, pendekatan sosiologi