Human Obstacles Physical Obstacles

How can we measure a

countries levels of development?

1. Define poverty 2. Spearman’s - what is the link between GDP and HDI?

Physical Quality of Life Index (PQLI)

• Infant mortality, life expectancy at one year, and basic literacy on a scale of 1-100.

• Stems from arguments that GNP is flawed as it ignores the distributions of incomes and general well being.

Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) – Amount of money needed

to buy the same goods or services in two countries –

allows comparison.

Using HDI and PQLIReal poverty has fallen more in the last 50 years than in the last 500.Since 1960:

Death rates have halved.Numbers of children in primary education risen by a quarter.

Malnutrition has decreased by a third.

BUT:1/5th of the developing world still live

in poverty.1/5th do not complete primary school.

840 million starving.1.5 million no access to drinking water.

AIDS/HIV pandemic continues.

HDI by country

Describe the geographical distribution of poverty, identify trends and suggest reasons.

The Poverty Cycle

1. Use the information to create a poverty cycle loop.

2. How do you think we can break the chain?

3. The MDGs – what are they – which do you consider to be the most important and why?

Some criticisms

Promised international support has not bee forthcoming.

Commitments – Monterrey 2002 and Gleneagles 2005 have not reached Africa.The project cannot be sustainable without trade.