human impact on the biosphere. those pesky humans! humans have a large impact on the environment and...
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Human Impact on the Biosphere
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Those Pesky Humans!
• Humans have a large impact on the environment and the organisms we share it with.
• This is due to our– Ever increasing population size.– Ever increasing use of both renewable and
non-renewable resources.
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Humans Affect the Biosphere in 4 Essential Ways:
A. Global Climate Change and Acid Rain
B. The Ozone Layer
C. Biological Magnification/Bioaccumulation
D. Threatening Biodiversity
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GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE AND ACID RAIN
A.
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Human Activity and the Carbon Cycle
• We are releasing CO2 and other related forms of carbon into the atmosphere at a much faster rate than they are absorbed.
• This is due to the ever increasing rate at which we:– Clear-cut and burn forests for housing and farming– Burn fossil fuels
• These activities have resulted in the phenomenon of global warming.
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Global temperatures have increased 0.5-1.0°F since the late 19th century.
FACTS WE KNOW
http://content.answers.com/main/content/wp/en/thumb/8/87/280px-Instrumental_Temperature_Record.png
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The snow cover in the Northern Hemisphere and floating ice in the Arctic Ocean have decreased.
FACTS WE KNOW
Graph & glacier pix: http://nsidc.org/sotc/glacier_balance.html polar bears: http://www.metro.co.uk/news/article.html?in_article_id=35720&in_page_id=34
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What’s so bad about warming up a little?
Coastal flooding
Cartoon from Brookings Register
http://healthandenergy.com/images/global2.gif
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What’s so bad about warming up a little?
More severe stormshttp://i.a.cnn.net/cnn/2005/WEATHER/08/25/tropical.storm/story.katrina.915p.jpg
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hurricane_Katrina
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What’s so bad about warming up a little?
http://zfacts.com/metaPage/lib/Atlantic_conveyor.jpg
Changes in Gulf Stream
http://www.claybennett.com/pages/ocean_temps.html
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What’s so bad about warming up a little?
Weather extremes
Brookings RegisterHeat waves and drought
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What’s so bad about warming up a little?
Changing habitats meansloss of species
http://www.metro.co.uk/news/article.html?in_article_id=35720&in_page_id=34
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Acid Rain
• The burning of fossil fuels also releases nitrogen and sulfur compounds.
• These compounds combine with water vapor in the air to produce acids.
• The acids then migrate for miles and fall as acid rain.
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Effects of Acid Rain
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Effects of Acid Rain
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THE OZONE LAYER B.
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OZONE LAYER
• The ozone layer protects us from UV light.
• UV light causes cancer, eye damage, and can damage plant tissue
http://pubweb.bnl.gov/users/xujun/www/bnl/ozone_layer_1.gif
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WHAT WE KNOW
Scientists have beenmonitoring the ____________of ozone in our atmosphereand have discovereda hole in the ozone layer over ____________.
depletion
Antarctica
http://ozonewatch.gsfc.nasa.gov/facts/hole.html
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What’s the cause of Ozone Depletion?
Chlorofluorocarbon molecules _______released from air conditioners, aerosol spray cans, fire extinguishers, and industry________________destroy ozone
http://www.atm.ch.cam.ac.uk/tour/part3.html
(CFC’s)
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_____________spray cans no longer contain CFC propellants.
Gases in ___________________and _____________ are collected and recycled.
THAT’S WHY . . .AEROSOL
AIR CONDITIONERS
http://www.roundrocktexas.gov/images/spray_cans_large.jpg
refrigerators
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Pop Quiz
• Have out a sheet of Paper and number it 1-4.
• Read each question and write down only the letter of your choice.
• Good Luck
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Pop Quiz
1. Which of the following is an example of ecological succession?
• A. spring followed by summer
• B. tadpole becoming a frog
• C. meadow replacing a field
• D. predators eating prey
2.What is the main suspected
environmental problem associated with the burning of fossil fuels?
• A. depletion of fresh water
• B. depletion of ozone
• C. global cooling
• D. global warming
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Pop Quiz
3. Which of the following is a side effect of acid rain.
A. Large animalsB. CancerC. Damage to treesD.Rusty cars
• The ozone layer protects Earth by absorbing –
• A. cosmic dust• B. solar heat • C. ultraviolet radiation • D. white-light
frequencies
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BIOACCUMULATION C.
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Biological Magnification/Bioaccumulation
• Biological magnification/ Bioaccumulation occurs when pesticides build up in animal tissue as you move up a food chain.
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Example:_____ was first modern insecticide
It was cheap, stayed active for long time, and kills many different insects
Used to control agriculture pests and disease carrying _______________
DDT
http://www.michigan.gov/images/mosquito_65147_7.jpg
MOSQUITOES
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DDT in Borneo
• DDT was used in Borneo to kill mosquitoes. Lizards ate the mosquitoes. Cats ate the lizards. Cats began dying.
• With no cats, the rat population grew.• Rats began spreading disease.• They came up with an interesting solution…..
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Parachuting Cats
http://imagecache2.allposters.com/images/pic/ARG/21033~Parachute-Cats-Posters.jpg
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DDT in the United States
DDT causes birds to layeggs with ___________shells so eggs would break when sat on.
American Bald Eagle was declaredendangered in 1967. It has since beenreclassified as _____________________
fragile
“threatened”
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THREATENING BIODIVERSITYD.
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The sum of the genetically basedvariety of all the organisms in thebiosphere = ___________________
Biodiversity gives __________ to theecosystems that we are so dependenton, enhances their ____________, andprovides an important source of new_____, ________, and other _________.
BIODIVERSITY
stability
productivity
food medicine products
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Threatening Biodiversity
There are 3 basic ways that human actions threaten biodiversity:
• Introducing non-native species• Hunting organisms to extinction• Habitat destruction
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BIODIVERSITY THREATOne of most important threats tobiodiversity come from apparentlyharmless plants or animals thathumans transport into new habitats =_____________________
New habitats don’t have ____________and parasites that control the populationin their native habitats, so invasive speciespopulations _____________ rapidly.
INVASIVE SPECIES
PREDATORS
INCREASE
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EXAMPLES OF INVASIVE SPECIES
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Wild_rabbit.jpg
24 rabbits turned loose for hunting in 1859 in Australia, reproduced at such a rapid rate they have taken overthe continent.
http://psephos.adam-carr.net/countries/a/australia/images/australiamap.gif
It is still a major problem and rabbit diseases have been purposely introduced to try to control the population
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Hunting Organisms to Extinction
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Habitat DestructionDevelopment of natural areas for cities oragriculture
http://www.simtropolis.com/idealbb/files/SG_ShoppingCenter.JPG
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BIODIVERSITY THREAThttp://www.lubee.org/images/about-threats-1.jpg
Tropical rainforests are disappearing at a rate of about 80 acres per minute.
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BIODIVERSITY THREAT
The tropical rainforests once covered more than 14% of the earth's total land surface, but now cover less than 6%.
http://www.abc.net.au/news/newsitems/200506/s1384632.htm
Changes in Brazilian rainforest over 30 years
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Can lead to species Extinction
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Endangered Species
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Worlds Rarest Animal
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ONCE THOUGHT EXTINCT
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WHAT CAN WE DO???So…
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WHAT DOES IT MEAN?REMEMBER!Everything is connected.
BIODIVERSITY is a measureof the health of an ecosystem.
Image from: Pearson Education Inc, publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall ©2006
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Examples of efforts to keep a species from becoming extinct:
___________________ (raised and protected in zoos until population is
stable, then returned to wild
CONSERVING BIODIVERSITY
Captive breeding
http://www.blackfootedferret.org/
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End
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This lesson connects to:
• Ecological Succession– Primary vs secondary
• Population Ecology Notes– Graphs, growth rate, factors that effect
population size
• Human and the Environment– DDT, Acid Rain, Ozone layer, biodiversity, global
warming
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Key Vocabulary:- ozone layer - global warming- biodiversity - ecosystem diversity- species diversity - genetic diversity- extinction - endangered species- invasive species - conservation- renewable resource - soil erosion- nonrenewable resource - sustainable use- desertification - deforestation- aquaculture - smog- pollutant - acid rain- poachers