human health care medicinal plants - herbal medicines ayurveda, unani and sidha in the dates back...

SIRJ-BES Volume 1 Issue 9 (2014) ISSN 2348 - 5787 www.scrutinyjournals.com

Scrutiny International Research Journal of Biological and

Environmental Science (SIRJ-BES)

Human health care medicinal plants - Herbal medicines

Dr.Ch. Srinivasa Prasadacharyulu

S.K.P.Govt.Degree College, Guntakal. 515801, Andhra Pradesh, India.

Article history: Submitted 2 October 2014; Accepted 6 November 2014; Available online 14 November 2014

Abstract Since ancient times plants have been exemplary source of Medicine. Plant body is the best Doctor and

possibly has the answer to all diseases of human being. Plant based herbal medicines are still first choice in the

developed and developing countries because of their easily availability and benign therapeutic nature. The present

research work provides information on Human Health Care Medicinal Plants (HHCMP) and their herbal

medicines (HM) to treat different diseases. In the present work information about 18 species of Human Health

care medicinal Plants belonging to 16 Families with their 33 Herbal Medicines to treat 17 diseases are recorded at

6 Lines of Rajendra Nagar, Guntakal, Anantapuram Dist, A.P., India.

Key words: Guntakal, 16 Families, 33 Herbal Medicines, 17 Diseases

Corresponding author

Dr. Ch.Srinivasa Prasadacharyulu,

Reader in Biochemistry,

S.K.P.Govt.Degree College,

Guntakal. 515801,

Andhra Pradesh, India.

Introduction

Since the medicinal plants are the backbone of the Traditional medicine, 80% of the human population utilized the medicinal plants on a regular basis (Farnsworth, 2000). According to WHO more than 80% of the World’s population, mostly in poor and less developed countries depend on traditional plant based herbal medicines for their health care needs (Nisha Mistry et al., 2003). India is one of the twelve mega biodiversity countries of the World having rich vegetation with wide variety medicinal plants. These medicinal plants have found high value in Ayurveda and other system of natural medicines. India has an ancient history of use of plant based medicines in the Indigenous system of medicine, Viz. Ayurveda, Unani and Sidha in the dates back over 5000 years (Huxley, 1984). In India, medicinal plants had been an important source for traditional health care systems. In Uttaranchal Himalayas a variety of medicinal plants are cultivated and conserved by the

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rural people for centuries to treat various diseases and for primary health care (Kumar et al., 2002). Medicinal plants contain a variety of substances as herbal medicines which are useful in the treatment of various diseases due to their versatile therapeutic potential (Mukherjee and Wahile, 2006). Herbal medicines and low-cost plant based traditional treatment play an important role in scientific research related to human health care (Awadh et al., 2004).

Traditionally, the use of medicinal plant preparation has a source of drugs are based on the experience passed from generation to generation (Sofowora, 1993). Hence, globally in recent years interest in herbal medicines and natural approaches to health care has increased considerably owing to high prices and side-effects of Allopathic medicines. Plant based herbal medicines are still the first choice in developed and developing countries because of their easily availability and no side effects (Kameswara et al., 1999). Hence, urgent efforts are required to investigate the information about human health care medicinal Plants -Herbal Medicines and their conservation.

A perusal of Literature studies (Alison and Peter, 1999; Ananda and Kunjani, 2000; Ananthi et al., 2003; Anonymous 1993; Bajaj and Srinivasan, 1999; Bhargava and Singh 1981; Chandana et al., 2012; Chattopadhyay, 1993, 1994; Chopra et al., 1986, Daisy and Rajathi, 2009; Dhanapakiam et al., 2008; Don, 1999; Farooq et al., 2007; Ganesan, 2008, Gosh et al., 2011; Jayaweera, 1980; Kathiresan et al., 1999; Kerharo et al.,1950; Maiti et al., 2004; Mala Rathore et al., 2010, Naira et al., 2009; Pal et al., 1995; Panit et al., 2010, Premachanda sekhar et al., 2012; Sahu et al., 2013, Subramaniyan et al., 2010, Tignokpa et al., 1986; Vijaya kumar et al., 2012; Wable et al., 2010). Revealed that the importance of medicinal plants with Herbal Medicines of their medicinal potentiality to cure different diseases in relation to human health care. Therefore the present research work has been carried out to investigate the Human Health Care Medicinal Plants (HHCMP) - Herbal Medicines (HM) at Rajendra Nagar, Guntakal, Anantapuram (Dist), A.P.

Materials and Methods

Guntakal is a town in Anantapuram Dist, in the south western part of the State of Andhra Pradesh, India. Geography of Guntakal: Guntakal is Located at 15.17˚N 77.38˚E. It has an average elevation of 432 Metres (1,417 ft). Among different land mark areas of Guntakal Rajendra Nagar is an important & significant place at Guntakal town. Rajendra Nagar Co-ordination: 15˚9’42”N 77˚23’19”E. it has a population of 1,26,658 (2011 census). The present research work study area is 6 lines of Rajendra Nagar, Guntakal, Anantapuram Dist. The Postoffice line, Sri Venkateswara Temple line, Rajendra Prasad Line, Sri Vinayaka Temple line, Shivaji school line and Church line are 6 lines of Rajendra Nagar, Guntakal.

Tables No. 1: Six lines of Rajendra Nagar, Guntakal, Surveyed for HHCMP-HM

Name of the Line at Rajendra Nagar

Post Office Line

Sri Venkateswara Temple Line

Rajendra Prasad Line

Sri Vinayaka Temple Line

Shivaji School Line

Church Line

Table No. 2: Human Health Care Medicinal Plants (HHCMP) – Herbal Medicines (HM)

S.No Technical Name

Family Vernacular Name

Herbal medicines of HHCMP

Traditional usage of Herbal medicines

1 Achyranthes aspera L

Amranthaceae Uttareni 1.Juice of Leaves 2Paste of Leaves 3Juice of Leaves

Easy Delivery: 20grms of Leave Juice is orally taken to the Pregnant Women Wound Healing: Leaf paste applied on wound once per a day regularly Hypertension 5ml juice of Leaves with water is orally taken thrice a day

2 Aloe vera [L.] Burm.f.

Liliaceae Kalabanda 1 Gel 2 Gel 3 Gel

1 Cataract: Applied on the eye lids before bed for 7 days. 2 Peptic Ulcers: 1 Spoon jel with a glass of water orally taken thrice a day. 3 Wound Healing: Gel is applied on the Wounds externally twice a day regularly.

3 Azadirachta indica A.juss.

Meliaceae Veepa 1 Juice of Leaves 2 Fresh Twigs

1 Diabetes mellitus: Fresh Juice of leaves one spoon with water orally taken thrice a day 2. Pyorrhoea, Gum Disorder & Teeth Infection: Fresh Twigs of Azadirachta indica are used as Tooth Brush to treat Pyorrhoea, Gum Disorder & Teeth Infection

4 Calotropis gigantea (L.)

R.Br.

Asclepiadaceae Tella Gilledu Fresh Leaves Hydrocele: 2-3 leaves are coated with castor oil, mildly heated and bandaged over the testicles every day.

5 Catharanthes Roseus (L.)

G.Don.

Apocynaceae Billa Ganneru Decoction of Leaves Diabetes mellitus:Hot water decoction of leaves 1 glass orally taken twice a day.

6 Clitoria ternatea L.

Fabaceae Sankupushapam Decoction of Leaves Diabetes mellitus: Decoction of leaves 25ml orally taken thrice a day regularly

7 Coriandrum sativum .L

Umbelliferae Dhaniyalu Decoction of Leaves Powder of Seeds

Diabetes mellitus: Leaf Decoction 25ml taken orally twice a day regularly. Cholesterol Lowering Property: 1 spoon full dried powder of seeds with water orally taken twice a day regularly.

8 Eclipta alba L. Asteraceae Gunta Galagara Decoction of Leaves Powder of leaves

Asthama: Decoction of leaves 30ml orally taken twice a day regularly. Diabetes mellitus: 1 spoon powder of leaves with a glass of water orally taken thrice a day regularly.

9 Ficus religiosa L.

Moraceae Raavi Powder of Fruit Powder of Bark

Asthma: 1 spoon powder of fruits with a glass of water orally administered thrice a day regularly Diabetes mellitus: ½ spoon powder of bark with water orally taken twice


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Paste of leaves

a day regularly Wound Healing: Paste of leaves is applied on wounds externally twice a day regularly

10 Mangifera indica L.

Anacardiaceae Mamidi Powder of Seeds Dog bite: 1 spoon powder of seeds with water orally taken thrice a day

11 Mentha viridis .L

Lamiaceae Pudina Fresh Leaves Toothache : Hand full fresh leaves chewed twice a day

12 Moringa oleifera Lam.

Moringaceae Munaga Juice of Leaves Powder of Pods Decoction of Leaves

Peptic ulcer : 1 spoon full juice of leaves with water orally taken twice a day regularly Hyper tension: 1 spoon powder of pods with water orally taken twice a day regularly Healthy eye sight: Decoction of leaves 25ml orally taken twice a day regularly

13 Murraya koenigii .L

Rutaceae Karivepaku Fresh Leaves Diabete mellitus: Hand full fresh leaves eaten orally twice a day regularly

14 Ocimum sanctum L.

Lamiaceae Tulasi Fresh Leaves Fresh Leaves Decoction of Leaves

Hypertension: Hand full fresh leaves eaten thrice a day regularly Anti Cancer: Hand full fresh leaves eaten thrice a day regularly Diabetes mellitus: Decoction of Leaves 25ml orally taken thrice a day regularly

15 Phyllanthus emblica L.

Euphorbiaceae Usirikaya Juice of Leaves and Fruits

Knee pain: Juice prepared from 10-15 grms of fresh leaves and fruits in hot water is taken orally in empty stomach for 15 day in single dose

16 Pongamia pinnata L.

Fabaceae Kanuga Powder of dried root & bark

Strengthening of Gums: Powder of dried root & bark is used as tooth powder regularly

17 Solanum nigrum .L

Solanaceae Kamanchi Leaves and fruits

Mouth ulcer: Leaves & fruits are used for mouth ulcer

18 Tamarandus indica L.

Caesalpiniaceae Chinta Juice of Leaves Powder of seeds Paste of Bark

Asthma: Juice of leaves with ginger orally taken with a glass of water thrice a day regularly. Diabetes mellitus: 1 spoon powder of seeds with water orally taken thrice a day. Wound Healing: Paste of bark applied on wounds externally .twice a day regularly

Table No. 3: Parts of HHCMP, Herbal Medicines to treat different Diseases

S.No Part of HHCMP Herbal medicine Name of Disease / Disorder HHCMP

1 Fresh Leaves 1 Hydrocele 2 Tooth ache

3 diabetes mellitus 4 hyper tension 5 Anti cancer

1 Calotropis gigantea 2 Mentha viridis

3 Murraya koenigii 4 Ocimum sanctum 5 Ocimum sanctum

Leaves Decoction of Leaves 1 Diabetes mellitus 2 Diabetes mellitus 3 Diabetes mellitus

4 Asthma 5 Healthy eye sight 6 Diabetes mellitus

1 Catharanthes roseus 2 Clitoria ternatea

3 Coriandrum sativum 4 Eclipta alba

5Moringa oleifera 6 Ocimum sanctum

Juice of Leaves 1 Easy Delivery 2 Hyper tension

3 Diabetes mellitus 4 Anti Ulcer 5 Bronchitis

1 Achyranthes aspera 2 Achyranthes aspera 3 Azadirachta indica 4 Moringa oleifera

5 Tamarandus indica

Paste of Leaves 1 Wound Healing 2 Wound Healing

1 Achyranthes aspera 2 Ficus religiosa

Powder of Leaves 1 Diabetes mellitus 1 Eclipta alba

2 Seeds Powder of Seeds 1 Cholesterol lowering property

2 Diabetes mellitus 3 Dog Bite

1 Coriandrum sativum

2 Tamarindus indica 3 Mangifera indica

3 Fruits Powder of Fruits Asthma Ficus religiosa

4 Stem Bark Powder of Bark Diabetes mellitus Ficus religiosa

Paste of Bark Wound Healing Tamarindus indica

5 Pods Powder of Pods Hypertension Moringa oleifera

6 Root and Bark Powder of Dried Root & Bark

Strengthening of Gums Pongamia pinnata

Leaves and Fruits

Leaves and Fruits Mouth ulcer Solanum nigrum

7

Juice of Leaves & Fruits

Knee Pain Phyllanthus emblica

8 Gel Cataract Aloe vera

Mucilage Gel Pepctic Ulcer Aloe vera

Gel Wound Healing Aloe vera

9 Fresh Twigs Fresh Twigs Pyorrhoea, Gum Disorder & Teeth infection

Azadirachta india

The present research work on Human Health Care Medicinal Plants (HHCMP)- Herbal Medicines (HM) study were conducted at Postoffice line, Sri Venkateswara Temple line, Rajendra Prasad Line, Sri Vinayaka Temple line, Shivaji school line and Church line of Rajendra Nagar, Guntakal, Anantapuram Dist, Andhra Pradesh, India. The main emphasis was given to intensive field surveys at the above said 6 lines of Rajendra Nagar, Guntakal. The study carried out 8 months during February 2013 to September 2013. In the present study HHCMP 18 species belonging to 16 families were recorded. These plant species were identified with the help of Flora books (Pullaiah and Chennaiah, 1997).


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Table No. 4: Total number of Herbal Medicines of HHCMP to treat different Diseases

S.No Diseases Name of the HHCMP

Herbal Medicine Used

Total Number of Herbal Medicines

Used 1 Diabetes mellitus 1 Azadirachta indica

2 Catharanthes roseus 3Clitoria ternatea

4Coriandrum sativum 5 Eclipta alba

6Ficus religiosa 7 Murraya koenigii 8 Ocimum sanctum 9 Tamarindus indica

1 Juice of Leaves 2 Decoction of Leaves 3 Decoction of Leaves 4 Decoction of Leaves 5 Powder of Leaves 6 Powder of Bark 7 Fresh Leaves

8 Decoction of Leaves 9 Powder of Seeds

9

2 Wound Healing 1 Achyranthes aspera 2 Aloe vera

3 Ficus religiosa 4 Tamarindus indica

1 Paste of Leaves 2 Gel

3 Paste of Leaves 4 Paste of Stem Bark

4

3 Asthma 1 Eclipta alba 2 Ficus religiosa

3 Tamarindas indica

1 Decoction of Leaves 2 Powder of Fruits 3 Juice of Leaves

3

4 Hypertension 1 Achyranthes aspera 2 Moringa oleifera 3 Ocimum sanctum

1 Juice of Leaves 2 Powder of Pods

3 Fresh Leaves

3

5 Peptic Ulcer 1 Aloe vera 2 Moringa olifera

1 Gel 2 Juice of Leaves

2

6 Easy delivery Achyranthes aspera Juice of Leaves 1

7 Cataract Aloe vera Gel 1

8 Pyorrhoea, Gum disorder & Teeth

infection

Azadiracta indica Fresh Twigs 1

9 Hydrocele Calotropis gigantea Fresh Leaves 1

10 Cholesterol lowering property

Coriandrum sativum Powder of Seeds 1

11 Dog Bite Mangifera indica Powder of Seeds 1

12 Tooth Ache Mentha viridis Fresh Leaves 1

13 Healthy Eye Sight Moringa oleifera Decoction of Leaves 1

14 Anti Cancer Ocimum sanctum Fresh Leaves 1

15 Knee Pain Phyllanthus emblica Juice of Leaves & Fruits 1

16 Strengthening of Gums

Pongamia pinnata Powder of Dried Root & Bark

1

17 Mouth Ulcer Solanum nigrum Leaves & Fruits 1

The information about HHCMP was gathered through discussions with rural people, aged local people with traditional knowledge about Herbal Medicines of HHCMP usage to treat different diseases. Along with information the vernacular names of the plants have been collected.


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Table No. 5: Herbal Medicines of Individual HHCMP to treat different Diseases

S.No HHCMP Technical Name

Herbal medicines of HHCMP

Traditional usage of Herbal medicines to treat Diseases

1 Achyranthes aspera L

1. Juice of leaves 2 Paste of leaves 3. Juice of leaves

Easy Delivery: Wound Healing:

Hypertension 2 Aloe vera [L.]

Burm.f. 1 Gel 2 Gel 3 Gel

1 Cataract 2 Peptic Ulcers

3 Wound Healing 3 Azadirachta indica

A.juss. 1 Juice of leaves 2 Fresh Twigs

1 Diabetes mellitus 2 Pyorrhoea, Gum disorder &

Teeth Infection 4 Calotropis gigantea

(L.) R.Br. Fresh Leaves Hydrocele

5 Catharanthes Roseus (L.) G.Don.

Decoction of Leaves Diabetes mellitus

6 Clitoria ternatea L. Decoction of Leaves Diabetes mellitus: 7 Coriandrum sativum Decoction

Of Leaves Dried of Powder seed

Diabetes mellitus Cholesterol Lowering Property

8 Eclipta alba L. Decoction of Leaves Powder of leaves

Asthma. Diabetes mellitus

9 Ficus religiosa L. Powder of fruits Powder of bark

Leaf Paste

Asthma Diabetes mellitus Wound Healing

10 Mangifera indica L. Powder of seed Dog byte 11 Mentha viridis Fresh Leaves Toothache 12 Moringa oleifera

Lam. Juice of Leaves Powder of Pods

Decoction of Leaves

Peptic Ulcer Hyper tension

Healthy eye sight 13 Murraya koenigii L. Fresh Leaves Diabetes mellitus

14 Ocimum sanctum L. Fresh Leaves Fresh Leaves

Decoction of Leaves

Hypertension Anti Cancer

Diabetes mellitus 15 Phyllanthus emblica

L. Juice of leaves and

Fruits Knee pain

16 Pongamia pinnata L. Powder of dried root & bark

Strengthening of Gums

17 Solanum nigrum Leaves and fruits Mouth ulcer 18 Tamarandus indica

L. Juice of leaves

Powder of seeds Paste of bark

Asthma Diabetes mellitus Wound Healing

The information about medicinal values of HHCMP with Herbal Medicines was recorded. In the present work these HHCMP are arranged in alphabetical order with serial number, scientific name, Family, Vernacular names, parts used & traditional usage. The information about medicinal usage of Herbal Medicines of different parts namely Leaves, Seeds, Fruits, Stem bark, Pods, Root & bark, Leaves & Fruits, Mucilage and Fresh Twigs etc. of HHCMP are known as herbal medicines to treat different diseases in relation to human health care were also recorded.


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Table No. 6: Parts of HHCMP with Total number of Herbal Medicines

Part of HHCMP Total number

of Herbal Medicines

Leaves 19

Seeds 3

Mucilage 3

Stem Bark 2

Leaves and Fruits 2

Fruits 1

Pods 1

Root and Bark 1

Fresh Twigs 1

Figure No. 1: Family and Technical Names of Human Health care Medicinal Plants

Results and Discussion

The present research paper on Human Health Care Medicinal Plants (H H C M P) –Herbal Medicines (H M) study was done at 6 lines of Rajendra Nagar, Guntakal, Anantapuram Dist, A.P. Field survey of HHCMP at 6 Lines of Rajendra Nagar, Guntakal (Table 1 & 2).

Achyranthes aspera L

Amranthaceae

Aloe vera L. Burm.f. Liliaceae

Azadirachta indica A.juss.

Meliaceae

Calotropis gigantea L. R.Br. Asclepiadaceae

Catharanthes Roseus L. G.Don.

Apocynaceae

Clitoria ternatea L &

Pongamia pinnata L. Fabaceae

Coriandrum sativum L.

Umbelliferae

Eclipta alba L. Asteraceae

Ficus religiosa L. Moraceae

Mangifera indica L.

Anacardiaceae

Mentha viridis &Ocimum sanctum

L. Lamiaceae

Moringa oleifera Lam.

Moringaceae

Murraya koenigii Rutaceae

Phyllanthus emblica L.

Euphorbiaceae

Solanum nigrum L. Solanaceae

Tamarandus indica L.

Caesalpiniaceae


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Figure No. 2: Total number of Herbal Medicines of Different Parts of HHCMP

Figure No. 3: Total number of herbal medicines used to treat different diseases

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

Leaves Seeds Mucilage Stem Bark

Leaves and Fruits

Fruits Pods Root and Bark

Fresh Twigs

Diabetes mellitus, 9

Wound Healing, 4

Asthma, 3

Hypertension, 3

Peptic Ulcer, 2

Easy delivery, 1

Cataract, 1

Pyorrhea, Gum, 1

Hydrocele, 1

lowering property, 1

Dog Bite, 1

Tooth Ache, 1

Healthy Eye Sight, 1

Anti Cancer, 1

Knee Pain, 1

Strengthening of Gums, 1

Mouth Ulcer, 1


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Figure No. 4: Percentage of Herbal medicines used to treat different diseases

Figure No. 5: Total Number of Herbal Medicines of 18 HHCMP

In the present investigation a total of 18 HHCMP species belonging to 16 Families were recorded in alphabetical order with Serial Number, Technical Name of HHCMP, Family, Vernacular names, and Herbal Medicine of HHCMP and 6 Traditional usage of Herbal Medicines (Table 2). Among the Families a maximum of 2 HHCMP species were belonging to Fabaceae and Lamiaceae followed by amaranthaceae, Lilaceae, Meliaceae, Asclepiadaceae, Apocynaceae, Umbelliferae, Asteraceae, Moraceae, Anacardiaceae, Moringaceae, Rutaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Solanaceae, and Caesalpiniaceae were represented by single Species each (Table 2 & Figure1). It is evident from the present work that 33

Diabetes mellitus27%

Wound Healing12%

Asthma9%

Hypertension9%

Peptic Ulcer6%

Easy delivery3%

Cataract3%

Pyorrhea, Gum3%

Hydrocele3%

Cholesterol lowering property

3%

Dog Bite3%

Tooth Ache3%

Healthy Eye Sight3%

Anti Cancer

3%

Knee Pain3%

Strengthening of Gums

3%

Mouth Ulcer3%

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

3.5


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Herbal Medicines of 18 HHCMP species belonging to 16 Families play significant role for treatment of 17 diseases in relation to Human Health Care (Table 2 & 4; Figure 2, 3 & 5). It is further noticed that 9 parts of HHCMP (Leaves, Seeds, Fruits, Stem bark, Pods, Root and Bark, Leaves and Fruits, Mucilage and Fresh Twigs) with 33 Herbal Medicines are identified to treat 17 diseases (Table 3 & 4; Figure 2 & 3). The traditional Medicinal utilization pattern of Herbal Medicines of HHCMP species for treatment of different diseases indicated that Herbal Medicines of Leaves are dominant part (19) followed by Mucilage (3), Seeds (3), Leaves and Fruits (2) , Stem Bark (2), Root and Bark (1), Fruits (1), Pods (1) and Fresh Twigs (1) (Table 3 & Figure 2). Among the reported Herbal Medicines of HHCMP to treat different diseases noted that 9 Herbal Medicines (HM) for diabetes mellitus followed by Wound healing (4 HM ), Asthma (3HM), hypertention (3HM), Peptic ulser (2HM), Easy delivery (1HM), Cataract (1HM), Pyorrhoea (1HM), Hydrocele (1HM), Cholesterol lowering property (1HM), Dog bite (1HM), Tooth ache (1HM), Healthy Eye sight (1HM), Anti cancer (1HM), Knee pain (1HM), Strengthening of gums (1HM) and Mouth ulcer (1HM) (Table 4; Figure 3). Percentage of Traditional utilization of Herbal Medicines to treat different diseases has been noticed that 27% for Diabetes mellitus, followed by Wound healing (12%), Asthma (9%), hypertension (9%), Peptic ulser (6%), Easy delivery (3%), Cataract, Pyorrhoea, Hydrocele, Cholesterol lowering property, Dog bite, Tooth ache, Healthy Eye sight, Anti cancer, Knee pain, Strengthening of gums and Mouth ulcer of each of 3% (Figure 4). A total of 19, 3, 3, 2, 2, 1, 1, 1 and 1, herbal medicines of leaves, seeds, mucilage, stem bark, leaves and fruits, fruits, pods, root and bark and fresh twigs respectively of different parts of HHCMP has significant role to treat 17 diseases (Table 6; figure 2) A total of 33 herbal medicines are used to treat 17 diseases (Table 4; Figure 5).

It is intresting to note that Achyranthes aspera, Aloe vera, Ficus religiosa, Moringa oleifera, Ocimum sanctum and Tamarandus indica posses 3 fold each (used to treat 3 different diseases each), followed by Azadirachta indica, Coriandrum sativum and Eclipta alba posses fold each (used to treat 2 different diseases each) and Calotropis gigantea, Catharanthes Roseus, Clitoria ternatea, Mangifera indica, Mentha viridis, Murraya koenigii, Phyllanthus emblica, Pongamia pinnata and Solanum nigrum has single fold each (used to treat only one disease each) (Table 5).

Among these 18 HHCMP at Rajendra Nagar, Guntakal, Achyranthes aspera is a new record for the Kermadac Islands (de Lange et al., 2004), Eclipta alba is most valuable medicinal plant (Borthakur et al., 2000) and Azadiracta indica is a life giving tree (Grainage and Ahmed, 1988). The result of the present study provide enough information about Human Health Care Medicinal Plants with their 33 Herbal Medicines play most important and significant role to treat 17 diseases in relation to health care of human beings in developed and developing countries.

Conclusion

The study on Human Health Care Medicinal Plants with their 33 Herbal medicines information, knowledge and usage to treat 17 diseases in relation to protect health of human being. Herbal Medicines are natural and benign to treat and control human diseases in simple and benign therapeutic methods. Further it is noticed that the result of present study revealed the value of benign therapeutic potency and importance of HHCMP with their Herbal Medicines (HHCMP and HM) in relation to maintain, management of Health & Healthy Life of Human beings. It is concluded that exploitation of Medicinal Plants should


26

be checked and the Human Health Care Medicinal Plants and Herbal Medicines (HHCMP -H M) conservation should be an important duty of Human being for the future benefits in all aspects of healthy life and healthy environment.

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human health care medicinal plants - herbal medicines ayurveda, unani and sidha in the dates back...

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