human geography
DESCRIPTION
Human Geography . What is Human Geography and the History of Geography. Geo- Graphy. Eratosthenes Greek Scientist 2200 years ago Coined the word geography from two words Geo = earth Graphein = to write. Eratosthenes. Invented a system of Longitude and Latitude - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Human Geography](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070503/568163e4550346895dd54333/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Human Geography
What is Human Geography and the History of Geography
![Page 2: Human Geography](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070503/568163e4550346895dd54333/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Geo-Graphy
• Eratosthenes– Greek Scientist
• 2200 years ago– Coined the word
geography from two words• Geo = earth• Graphein = to write
![Page 3: Human Geography](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070503/568163e4550346895dd54333/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Eratosthenes
• Invented a system of Longitude and Latitude• The first Greek to calculate the circumference of
the Earth (with remarkable ½% accuracy) • The first Greek to calculate the tilt of the earth's
axis (also with remarkable accuracy)• he may also have accurately calculated the
distance from the earth to the sun and invented the leap day
• Figured earth was divided into 5 climatic regions
![Page 4: Human Geography](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070503/568163e4550346895dd54333/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Eratosthenes
• He also created a map of the world based on the available geographical knowledge of the era.
![Page 5: Human Geography](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070503/568163e4550346895dd54333/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Geography in ancient times
• Thales of Miletus – Applied geometry to measuring land
• Anaximander – Made a world map based on sailors information. Thought earth may be a cylinder
• Hecateus – Produced first geography book• Aristotle – Proved Eratosthenes belief earth was
spherical• Strabo – in a 17 volume work called Geography
described the known world
![Page 6: Human Geography](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070503/568163e4550346895dd54333/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Ptolemy
• 150 AD wrote an 8 volume called Guide to Geography • suggested precise methods for using a coordinate
system with parallels of latitude and meridians of longitude
• Included the following standard on all maps– scale, conventional signs with legends, and the practice of
orienting maps so that north is at the top and east to the right of the map
![Page 7: Human Geography](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070503/568163e4550346895dd54333/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Ptolemy’s MapAdmits he only knew about ¼ of the earth. His standards have been used for the next 1600 years and many are still in use today
![Page 8: Human Geography](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070503/568163e4550346895dd54333/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Dark Ages
• Europeans made very little advances were made from 330 AD to 1450 AD
• Muslim Scholars continued the study – Al Idrisi prepared a world map with new knowledge in about
1150– Ibn-Battuata wrote Rihlah (Journeys) describing the Muslim
world• China also a center of discovery while Europe was in the
dark ages– Zheng He, an explorer, wrote of his journies in the mid 1400’s .
As far as Kenya today and west coast of USA
![Page 9: Human Geography](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070503/568163e4550346895dd54333/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
End of the Dark Ages
• Europeans became interested in the world– Thanks to the exaggerations of Marco Polo– Europeans started to support voyages to explore the
world in search of great wealths• Age Of Explorations
• Gerardus Mercator (1512 – 1594) was one of the first to draw a world map that is relatively accurate
• Voyages + Technology + improved cartography = More Interest in Geography
![Page 10: Human Geography](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070503/568163e4550346895dd54333/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Pioneers In Scientific Geography
![Page 11: Human Geography](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070503/568163e4550346895dd54333/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Alexander Von Humboldt
• Urged geographers to adopt methods of scientific inquiry
• Study of nature and social process are fundamentally same
• Humboldt Park in Chicago is named for Alexander Von Humboldt
![Page 12: Human Geography](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070503/568163e4550346895dd54333/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Carl Ritter
• Worked with Von Humboldt• Argued that geographers should
apply natural science laws to humans to understand the relationship between people and environments
• ENVIRONMENTAL DETERMINISM
![Page 13: Human Geography](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070503/568163e4550346895dd54333/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
ENVIRONMENTAL DETERMINISM
• That cultures are a direct result of where they exist
• Where you live dictates how you live– Warmer climates tend to cause inhabitants to
have a more relaxed attitude toward work and progress
– Temperate climates were more motivated, intelligent, and culturally advanced
![Page 14: Human Geography](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070503/568163e4550346895dd54333/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
• Friedrich Ratzel• Ellen Churchill Semple• Ellsworth Huntington– All continued the
Environmental determinism approach to understanding how people interact with their environment or human geography
![Page 15: Human Geography](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070503/568163e4550346895dd54333/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Possibilism
• Approach that has grown to be more favorable in modern geography as opposed to environmental determinism
• A culture’s way of life depends on the choices people make among the possibilities that are offered by the environment
• Humans can change the environment – Environment can effect how we live but it just creates
possibilities of how people will deal with that environment
![Page 16: Human Geography](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070503/568163e4550346895dd54333/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
In What ways have humans alter their environment as opposed to allowing environment to dictate
how they live?
![Page 17: Human Geography](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070503/568163e4550346895dd54333/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Polder
• A polder is a low-lying tract of land enclosed by embankments known as dikes, that forms an artificial hydrological entity, meaning it has no connection with outside water other than through manually-operated devices. There are three types of polder:– Land reclaimed from a body of water, such as a lake or the
sea bed. – Flood plains separated from the sea or river by a dike. – Marshes separated from the surrounding water by a dike
and consequently drained.
![Page 18: Human Geography](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070503/568163e4550346895dd54333/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
![Page 19: Human Geography](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070503/568163e4550346895dd54333/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
![Page 20: Human Geography](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070503/568163e4550346895dd54333/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Human Geography was born early
• As early as Strabo it was no longer enough to know where things were but geographers wanted to know more:– Why cultures and environments differ from place
to place– NOT WHERE BUT WHY THERE
![Page 21: Human Geography](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070503/568163e4550346895dd54333/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Two Sides of Geography
• Physical Geography– Concerned with actual
locations of places– Concerned with
landforms and their distribution
– Climatic patterns– Cartography
• Map Making
• Human Geography• Examines the
relationships between people and places
• Population, cultural, economic, urban, agriculture, and political geographies
• Emphasis on people and culture