HUMAN FACTORS AND ERGONOMICS METHODS

HUMAN FACTORS AND ERGONOMICS METHODSBy :

Nadya Amalin(1406582386)

Depok, 1 Desember 201411. Cold Stress Indices

Cold stress is due to the heat loss exceeds heat production of human bodyCold Stress IndicesHeat Stress IndicesThermal Comfort IndicesIndoor Air Quality : Chemical exposuresTOPICS :Methods to Analyze Cold StrainWind-Chill IndicesRequired Clothing InsulationPhysiological MeasurementThermal SensationCold Strain IndexConductive Heat LossEtc.

1) Wind-Chill Indices

at W = -28 C frosbite possible : 30 minutes at W = -40 C frosbite possible : 10 minutesat W = -48 C frosbite possible : 5 minutes at W = -55 C frosbite possible : 2 minutesquantify the convective heat loss caused by different combinationsof low ambient temperature and air movements

2) Required Clothing InsulationTo calculate the required thermal insulation ofclothing in a given thermal environment and activity level

3) Physiological Measurementbased on measurements of superficial skin and body core temperatures and sometimes also heat loss. The methods cited in ISO 9886, include :measurement of skin temperaturebody core temperature heart ratebody mass loss.

4) Thermal SensationThermal sensation are recorded after the question "How are you feeling now?( ISO 10551 )

The degree of thermal discomfort is recorded after the question "Do you find this?

.Continue5) Cold Strain Index

Where : CSI : Cold Strain IndexTcore 0 : based on core at initial measurementsTsk 0 : cold strain in real time at initial measurements Tcore t : based on core on simultaneous measurements taken at any time tTsk t : cold strain in real time onsimultaneous measurements taken at any time t6) Conductive Heat Lossquantifies the cold stress caused by conductive heat lossISO NP 13732 gives time limits for contacting different materials in different temperatures.

FINAL

Investigating Heat StressReview all the work injury logs/records caused by heat stress problemsInterview the employee to find out the employee complaints, what & where the potential heat sources are, and what action to prevent.Periodically inspect the heat sources by measuring the temperature, calculate the heat load per employee and determine the engineering controlsDetermine the workload category of each job performed in hot conditions (Light / medium / heavy work)Calculate a heat stress indexChoose strategies to control the heat stress

Thermometer.Continue

Wet Bulb ThermometerDry Bulb ThermometerBlack globe thermometerBackProcedure to predict :Metabolic RateThermal Insulation of ClothingThermal Environment ParametersLocal Thermal Discomfort

1) Metabolic RateMetabolic rate is depending on the activity, the person, and the conditions under which the activity is performed. steady-state models for the prediction of thermal sensation, seem to be applicable after approximately 15 min of constant activity

2) Thermal Insulation of ClothingClothing insulation can be measured with a heated thermal manikin, with human subjects ,or estimates based on tables may be sufficiently accurate

3) Thermal Environment Parameters

Measurement of the TEP should be made in the occupied zones of the building at locations where the occupants are expected to spend their time (at their workstations or seating areas)

4) Local Thermal DiscomfortAdvantages :A flexible tool that predicts overall thermal sensation and discomfort under many differentconditions indoors and outdoorsVery well known and has been used extensively by professionals for many yearsIncorporated in several standards and guidelinesDisadvantages :Requires expensive measuring instrumentation or qualified assessment of the thermal environmentHas clothing and metabolic rate as input, which, in practice, may be difficult to assess in buildingsPerforms best near thermal neutrality and at low to moderate activity levelsBuilds on a complex equationOptimal operative temperature as a function of clothing and metabolic rate

Indoor Air Investigations

Cornell IAQ short-form survey

Kind of Indoor Air Pollutants

Pollutant Monitoring

IAQ Measurement Instrument Handheld pump and gas detector tubeDirect-reading formaldehyde meterDirect-reading particle counterMultichannel IAQ monitor and data logger.Continue

Filter cassette for collecting dust samples

Low-volume programmable sample pump

Personal monitor, passive badge SamplerHigh-volume sample pumpThank YouforYour Attention