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HUMAN DEVELOPMENT RESEARCH REVIEW VOL 5 (2) FEBRUARY 2021

CONTENTS

• HELP FACULTY and AFFILIATE • BIOLOGY/NEUROBIOLOGY (“early experiences”) • CHILDCARE, ECD SERVICES • CHILD DEVELOPMENT (GENERAL) • INDIGENOUS • MIDDLE YEARS • PARTNERSHIPS, HUBS, INTEGRATED SERVICES • POLICY, PRACTICE, INTERVENTIONS • SCREENING • SOCIAL DETERMINANTS (Income, Employment, Housing, Food Security, Inequity, etc) • SOCIOEMOTIONAL • MEDIA • SPECIAL (New COVID-19; Children’s Environmental Health)

2021 HELP READS

Human Development Research Review: Aims and Scope HELP’s Human Development Research Review (HELP Reads) aims to expand awareness of topics in human development, particularly social epigenetics, social determinants of health, socio-emotional learning, Aboriginal children and youth, and family policy. HELP Reads connects health academics, advocates, and professionals with online and publicly available research, news, and information. This review focuses on listing articles relevant to human development research activities at HELP. The review accepts and welcomes contributions provided they meet HELP Reads standards. This review is not official or peer reviewed. It does not cover all research, news, and information, and HELP is not responsible for the accuracy of the content from media or databases. How to access the items? Click on the link related to each entry and it should take you to the item. Not all links are open access; some are abstract links where paid journal subscription is required. HELP Reads is posted monthly; please see: www.earlylearning.ubc.ca/library/citations.

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EDITOR PICKS A developmental pathway from early behavioral inhibition to young adults’ anxiety during the COVID-19 pandemic. Dr. Alisa Almas (right), Faculty Research Associate, Human Early Learning Partnership, UBC, and co-authors “The findings could help predict who is at greatest risk of developing anxiety during stressful life events in early adulthood and inform prevention and intervention efforts.” Dr. Almas leads the Childhood Experiences Questionnaire research.

Study identifies risk factors for elevated anxiety in young adults during COVID-19 pandemic. Dr. Alisa Almas is a member of the study team who has identified early risk factors that predicted heightened anxiety in young adults during the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. Transactional associations between parent and late adolescent internalizing symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic: the moderating role of avoidant coping. Dr. Alisa Almas, Faculty Research Associate, HELP, and co-authors “The results highlight complex family dynamics between adolescents and their parents and begin to differentiate how individual characteristics impact the response to a significant life event such as the COVID-19 pandemic.”

Use of administrative record linkage to measure medical and social risk factors for early developmental vulnerability in Ontario, Canada. Magdalena Janus, Affiliate Associate Professor, School of Population and Public Health, and Professor in the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences and Offord Centre for Child Studies at McMaster University, and co-authors “Linkage of early developmental and health administrative data, in the absence of a single unique identifier, can be successful with few systematic biases.…”.

Dr. Kim Schonert-Reichl (right): Recipient of the Janusz Korczak Medal. Dr. Jennifer Charlesworth, British Columbia’s representative for children and youth, presented the Dean’s Distinguished Lecture and the Janusz Korczak Medal for Children’s Rights Advocacy on Jan. 27… more

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EDITOR PICKS

Epigenetic age acceleration and risk for posttraumatic stress disorder following exposure to substantiated child maltreatment. Michael Kobor, Professor and Canada Research Chair, University of BC “This study examined whether epigenetic age acceleration explains variation in PTSD diagnostic status subsequent to child maltreatment… The biological embedding of child maltreatment may explain variation in PTSD diagnostic status and serve as a novel approach for …” more

Challenges and Change: Exploring ‘What is’ and ‘What could be’ for BC’s Children and Families. Dialogue: How ambitious do we think we can be in reducing early childhood vulnerability? Paul Kershaw, Associate Professor, Human Early Learning Partnership Expo 2021 launched - Listen to the Feb 8 session. Register for the Mar 8 session.

Insights from a Jordan’s Principle Child First Initiative in Alberta: Implications for Advancing Health Equity for First Nations Children. Alison Gerlach, Assistant Professor, School of Child and Youth Care, University of Victoria “This paper highlights that First Nations leaders and Jordan’s Principle initiatives play a leading role in the design and delivery of all pediatric healthcare services with First Nation communities, families and children across Canada.”… more

“Best Things”: Parents Describe Their Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder Over Time. Dr. Anat Zaidman-Zait, Affiliate Assistant Professor, School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia “This study examined parental perceptions of the character traits of children with autism from early childhood to age 11, and parents provided descriptions...”

Retaining participants in community-based health research: a case example on standardized planning and reporting. Dr. Nicole Catherine, Scientific Director and Co-Principal Investigator for the BC Healthy Connections Project (BCHCP), Children’s Health Policy Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University The BC Healthy Connections Project randomized controlled trial provides a case example for developing a priori retention frameworks for use in protocol planning and reporting.

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HUMAN DEVELOPMENT RESEARCH REVIEW

HELP FACULTY and AFFILIATE (selected publications)

1. Albaghli F, Church P, Ballantyne M, Girardi A, Synnes A. Neonatal follow-up programs in Canada: A

national survey. Paediatrics & Child Health (1205-7088). 2021;26(1):e46-e51. Available from: h https://doi.org/10.1093/pch/pxz159.

2. Boyce WT, Levitt P, Martinez FD, McEwen BS, Shonkoff JP. Genes, Environments, and Time: The Biology of Adversity and Resilience. Pediatrics. 2021;147(2):1-12. Available from: https://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/147/2/e20201651/tab-e-letters.

3. Catherine NLA, Lever R, Marcellus L, Tallon C, Sheehan D, MacMillan H, et al. Retaining participants in community-based health research: a case example on standardized planning and reporting. Trials. 2020;21(1):393. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32393334.

4. Cost KT, Zaidman-Zait A, Mirenda P, Duku E, Zwaigenbaum L, Smith IM, et al. “Best Things”: Parents Describe Their Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder Over Time. J Autism Dev Disord. 2021. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-021-04890-4.

5. Dennis C-L, Marini F, Dick JA, Atkinson S, Barrett J, Bell R, et al. Protocol for a randomised trial evaluating a preconception-early childhood telephone-based intervention with tailored e-health resources for women anbd their partners to optimise growth and development among children in Canada: a Healthy Life Trajectory Initiative (HeLTI Canada). BMJ open. 2021;11(2):e046311. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-046311.

6. Gerlach A, Sangster M, Sinha V. Insights from a Jordan’s Principle Child First Initiative in Alberta: Implications for Advancing Health Equity for First Nations Children. International Journal of Indigenous Health. 2020;15(1). Available from: https://doi.org/10.32799/ijih.v15i1.33991.

7. Pei J, Reid-Westoby C, Siddiqua A, Elshamy Y, Rorem D, Bennett T, et al. Teacher-Reported Prevalence of FASD in Kindergarten in Canada: Association with Child Development and Problems at Home. J Autism Dev Disord. 2021;51(2):433-43. Available from: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10803-020-04545-w.

8. Prime H, Andrews K, McTavish J, Harris M, Janus M, Bennett T, et al. The application of positive parenting interventions to academic school readiness: A scoping review. Child Care Health Dev. 2021;47(1):1-14. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1111/cch.12810.

9. Saunders NR, Janus M, Porter J, Lu H, Gaskin A, Kalappa G, et al. Use of administrative record linkage to measure medical and social risk factors for early developmental vulnerability in Ontario, Canada. International Journal of Population Data Science. 2021;6(1). Available from: https://ijpds.org/article/view/1407.

10. Shonkoff JP, Boyce WT, Levitt P, Martinez FD, McEwen B. Leveraging the Biology of Adversity and Resilience to Transform Pediatric Practice. Pediatrics. 2021;147(2):1-9. Available from: https://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/147/2/e20193845.

11. Tollenaar MS, Beijers R, Garg E, Nguyen TTT, Lin DTS, MacIsaac JL, et al. Internalizing symptoms associate with the pace of epigenetic aging in childhood. Biol Psychol. 2021;159. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsycho.2021.108021.

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12. Zeytinoglu S, Morales S, Lorenzo NE, Chronis-Tuscano A, Degnan KA, Almas AN, et al. A developmental pathway from early behavioral inhibition to young adults’ anxiety during the COVID-19 pandemic. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2021. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0890856721000733.

HELP RESOURCES Challenges and Change: Exploring ‘What is’ and ‘What could be’ for BC’s Children and Families. Dialogue: How ambitious do we think we can be in reducing early childhood vulnerability? Paul Kershaw, Associate Professor, Human Early Learning Partnership Expo 2021 launched – Listen to the Feb 8 session.

BIOLOGY/NEUROBIOLOGY (“early experiences”)

1. Bryson HE, Price AMH, Goldfeld S, Mensah F. Associations between social adversity and young children’s hair cortisol: A systematic review. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2021:105176. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306453021000500.

2. Canada KL, Botdorf M, Riggins T. Longitudinal development of hippocampal subregions from early- to mid-childhood. Hippocampus. 2020;30(10):1098-111. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32497411.

3. Canada KL, Pathman T, Riggins T. Longitudinal Development of Memory for Temporal Order in Early to Middle Childhood. J Genet Psychol. 2020;181(4):237-54. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32252609.

4. Lipscomb ST, Hatfield B, Lewis H, Goka-Dubose E, Abshire C. Adverse childhood experiences and children’s development in early care and education programs. J Appl Dev Psychol. 2021;72:N.PAG-N.PAG. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appdev.2020.101218.

5. Ouellet-Morin I, Cantave C, Lupien S, Geoffroy M-C, Brendgen M, Vitaro F, et al. Cumulative exposure to socioeconomic and psychosocial adversity and hair cortisol concentration: A longitudinal study from 5 months to 17 years of age. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2021;126:105153. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306453021000275.

6. Rafiq T, O’Leary DD, Dempster KS, Cairney J, Wade TJ. Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) Predict Increased Arterial Stiffness from Childhood to Early Adulthood: Pilot Analysis of the Niagara Longitudinal Heart Study. J Child Adolesc Trauma. 2020;13(4):505-14. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33269049.

7. Ross N, Gilbert R, Torres S, Dugas K, Jefferies P, McDonald S, et al. Adverse childhood experiences: Assessing the impact on physical and psychosocial health in adulthood and the mitigating role of resilience. Child Abuse Negl. 2020;103. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2020.104440.

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CHILDCARE, ECD SERVICES 1. Archambault J, Cote D, Raynault MF. Early Childhood Education and Care Access for Children from

Disadvantaged Backgrounds: Using a Framework to Guide Intervention. Early Child Educ J. 2020;48(3):345-52. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32226270.

2. Blewitt C, O’Connor A, Morris H, Nolan A, Mousa A, Green R, et al. “It’s Embedded in What We Do for Every Child”: A Qualitative Exploration of Early Childhood Educators’ Perspectives on Supporting Children’s Social and Emotional Learning. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;18(4):1530. Available from: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/18/4/1530.

3. Blewitt C, O’Connor A, Morris H, Mousa A, Bergmeier H, Nolan A, et al. Do Curriculum-Based Social and Emotional Learning Programs in Early Childhood Education and Care Strengthen Teacher Outcomes? A Systematic Literature Review. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(3). Available from: https://dx.doi.org/10.3390%2Fijerph17031049.

4. Cortázar A, Molina MdlÁ, Sélman J, Manosalva A. Early Childhood Education Effects on School Outcomes: Academic Achievement, Grade Retention and School Drop Out. Early Education & Development. 2020;31(3):376-94. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1080/10409289.2019.1666445.

5. Jeon S, Kwon K-A, Guss S, Horm D. Profiles of family engagement in home- and center-based Early Head Start programs: Associations with child outcomes and parenting skills. Early Child Res Q. 2020;53:108-23. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecresq.2020.02.004.

6. McConnell-Nzunga J, Weatherson KA, Masse L, Carson V, Faulkner G, Lau E, et al. Child Care Setting and Its Association With Policies and Practices That Promote Physical Activity and Physical Literacy in the Early Years in British Columbia. J Phys Act Health. 2020;17(4):429-34. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32087598.

7. McMullen E, Perlman M, Falenchuk O, Kamkar N, Fletcher B, Brunsek A, et al. Is educators’ years of experience in early childhood education and care settings associated with child outcomes? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Early Child Res Q. 2020;53:171-84. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecresq.2020.03.004.

8. Nocita G, Perlman M, McMullen E, Falenchuk O, Brunsek A, Fletcher B, et al. Early childhood specialization among ECEC educators and preschool children’s outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Early Child Res Q. 2020;53:185-207. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecresq.2019.10.006.

9. Saitadze I. Mediating effects of early childhood programs and high quality home environments on the cognitive development of poor children involved in the child welfare system. Children Youth Serv Rev. 2021;120. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2020.105736.

10. Varshney N, Lee S, Temple JA, Reynolds AJ. Does early childhood education enhance parental school involvement in second grade?: Evidence from Midwest Child-Parent Center Program. Children Youth Serv Rev. 2020;117:. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2020.105317.

11. Vercammen KA, Frelier JM, Poole MK, Kenney EL. Obesity prevention in early care and education: a comparison of licensing regulations across Canadian provinces and territories. J Public Health (Oxf). 2020;42(2):362-73. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32090258.

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CHILD DEVELOPMENT (GENERAL) 1. Branham V. Chapter 4: Real Play as a Matrix for Learning and Development in Toddlerhood. In:

Ebbeck M, Waniganayake M, editors. Play in Early Childhood Education: Learning in Diverse Contexts Second Edition. London, UK: Oxford University Press; 2017. Available from: https://global.oup.com/academic/product/play-in-early-childhood-education-9780190303211?cc=ca&lang=en&.

2. Carolan PL, McIsaac J-LD, Richard B, Turner J, McLean C. Families’ experiences of a universal play-based early childhood program in Nova Scotia: Implications for policy and practice. Journal of Research in Childhood Education. 2020. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1080/02568543.2020.1773588.

3. Ferdinands AR, Olstad DL, Milford KM, Maximova K, Nykiforuk CI, Raine KD. A Nutrition Report Card on food environments for children and youth: 5 years of experience from Canada. Public Health Nutr. 2020;23(12):2088-99. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1017/s1368980020000130.

4. Houser NE, Cawley J, Kolen AM, Rainham D, Rehman L, Turner J, et al. A Loose Parts Randomized Controlled Trial to Promote Active Outdoor Play in Preschool-aged Children: Physical Literacy in the Early Years (PLEY) Project. Methods Protoc. 2019;2(2). Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31164608.

5. McArthur BA, Browne D, Tough S, Madigan S. Trajectories of screen use during early childhood: Predictors and associated behavior and learning outcomes. Comput Human Behav. 2020;113. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2020.106501.

6. Pelletier CA, Pousette A, Ward K, Keahey R, Fox G, Allison S, et al. Implementation of Physical Activity Interventions in Rural, Remote, and Northern Communities: A Scoping Review. Inquiry (00469580). 2020;57:1-13. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7346705/.

7. Qiu L, Zhu X. Housing and Community Environments vs. Independent Mobility: Roles in Promoting Children’s Independent Travel and Unsupervised Outdoor Play. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;18(4):2132. Available from: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/18/4/2132.

8. Roelen K, Sherer M, Leon-Himmelstine C. The role of graduation programming in promoting early childhood development: an overview of the evidence. Journal of the British Academy. 2020:133–61. Available from: https://www.odi.org/publications/16876-role-graduation-programming-promoting-early-childhood-development-overview-evidence.

9. Sanchez MC. Learning Together- The Importance of Parental Involvement in their Children’s Education: California State University Monterey Bay; 2020. Available from: https://digitalcommons.csumb.edu/caps_thes_all/924.

10. Segal A, Huerta M, Sassi F. P59 The effect of childhood obesity and overweight on educational outcomes: an interdisciplinary secondary analysis of three UK cohorts. J Epidemiol Community Health. 2020;74(Suppl 1):A71-A. Available from: https://jech.bmj.com/content/jech/74/Suppl_1/A71.1.full.pdf.

11. UK Government Equalities Office. Shared care, father’s involvement in care and family well-being outcomes: A Literature Review. London, UK: UK Government Equalities Office; 2021. Available from: https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/957538/Shared_care_and_well-being_outcomes-_Literature_review.pdf.

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LITERACY, LANGUAGE 1. Beecher CC, Van Pay CK. Investigation of the effectiveness of a community-based parent education

program to engage families in increasing language interactions with their children. Early Child Res Q. 2020;53:453-63. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecresq.2020.04.001.

2. Ihmeideh F, Al-Maadadi F. The effect of family literacy programs on the development of children’s early literacy in kindergarten settings. Children Youth Serv Rev. 2020;118:N.PAG-N.PAG. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2020.105462.

3. Inoue T, Manolitsis G, de Jong PF, Landerl K, Parrila R, Georgiou GK. Home Literacy Environment and Early Literacy Development Across Languages Varying in Orthographic Consistency. Front Psychol. 2020;11:1923. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32849130.

INDIGENOUS

1. Assembly of First Nations. A New Path Forward: AFN COVID-19 Discussion Paper – Summary for Input. AFN; 2020 Nov. Available from: http://www.afn.ca/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/20_11_16_DRAFT-Discussion-Paper_Summary-Document.pdf.

2. Borrows J, Gray C, Lindberg D, Pasternak S, Sayers J, King H. The UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples in Canada: Lessons from B.C. . Yellowhead Institute; 2020 Dec. Available from: https://yellowheadinstitute.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/yellowhead-institute-bc-undrip-report-12.20-compressed.pdf.

3. Bowes C, Cote-Meek S, Cutler H, Labre S, Lemieux S. Gathering and Sharing Learning with First Nations Communities. Sudbury, On: Locally Driven Collaborative Projects; 2020 Jan. Available from: https://www.publichealthontario.ca/-/media/documents/g/2020/gathering-sharing-learning-first-nations-communities-report.pdf?la=en.

4. Carroll SR, Garba I, Figueroa-Rodríguez OL, Holbrook J, Lovett R, Materechera S, et al. The CARE Principles for Indigenous Data Governance. Data Science Journal. 2020;19(1):43. Available from: https://datascience.codata.org/articles/10.5334/dsj-2020-043/.

5. Chalmers J, Erasmus R. How to navigate the funding of First Nations Early Learning and Childcare Programs and build collaboration. Learning from success and failure [presentation]. 2020. Available from: https://dentistry-ipce.sites.olt.ubc.ca/files/2020/01/EY2020_A9.pdf.

6. Chambers N, Saddleman D. Moving Towards a Language Nest: Stories and Insights from nḱmaplqs. First Peoples Child & Family Review. 2020;15(1):27-43. Available from: https://id.erudit.org/iderudit/1068361ar.

7. Conference Board of Canada, Future Skills Centre. Curriculum and Reconciliation: Introducing Indigenous Perspectives into K–12 Science. 2020 Oct. Available from: https://fsc-ccf.ca/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/10772_impact-paper_curriculum-and-reconciliation.pdf.

8. Cote-Meek S, Moeke-Pickering T, editors. Decolonizing and Indigenizing Education in Canada. Toronto, ON: Canadian Scholars’ Press; 2020. Available from: https://www.canadianscholars.ca/books/decolonizing-and-indigenizing-education-in-canada.

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9. Cowichan Tribes. Bringing Ethics Review Home to Cowichan: Indigenizing Ethics Review in British Columbia, Canada. International Journal of Indigenous Health. 2021;16(2). Available from: https://jps.library.utoronto.ca/index.php/ijih/article/view/33099.

10. Dion ML, Diaz Rios C, Leonard K, Gabel C. Research Methodology and Community Participation: A Decade of Indigenous Social Science Research in Canada. Can Rev Sociol. 2020;57(1):122-46. Available from: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/cars.12270.

11. First Nations Education Administrators Association. “Gathering Place Best Practices”. Report of Survey Findings: First Nations Administrators and the Impact of Covid-19. FNEAA; 2020 Nov 24. Available from: https://fneaa.ca/common/Uploaded%20files/Report%20of%20Survey%20Findings%20Gathering%20Place%20Best%20Practices%20November%2024%20V2.pdf.

12. Funnell S, Tanuseputro P, Letendre A, Bearskin LB, Walker J. “Nothing About Us, without Us.” How Community-Based Participatory Research Methods Were Adapted in an Indigenous End-of-Life Study Using Previously Collected Data. Canadian Journal on Aging / La Revue canadienne du vieillissement. 2020;39(2):145-55. Available from: https://www.cambridge.org/core/article/nothing-about-us-without-us-how-communitybased-participatory-research-methods-were-adapted-in-an-indigenous-endoflife-study-using-previously-collected-data/D7F3B3299F02C8A110C73918E29846FA.

13. Gerlach A, Sangster M, Sinha V. Insights from a Jordan’s Principle Child First Initiative in Alberta: Implications for Advancing Health Equity for First Nations Children. International Journal of Indigenous Health. 2020;15(1). Available from: https://doi.org/10.32799/ijih.v15i1.33991.

14. Good A, Sims L, Clarke K, Russo FA. Indigenous youth reconnect with cultural identity: The evaluation of a community- and school-based traditional music program. J Community Psychol. 2020. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1002/jcop.22481.

15. Gregory R, Halteman P, Kaechele N, Kotaska J, Satterfield T. Compensating Indigenous social and cultural losses: a community-based multiple-attribute approach. Ecology & Society. 2020;25(4):1-13. Available from: https://www.ecologyandsociety.org/vol25/iss4/art4/.

16. Haight W, Waubanascum C, Glesener D, Marsalis S. A scoping study of Indigenous child welfare: The long emergency and preparations for the next seven generations. Child Youth Serv Rev. 2018;93:397-410. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0190740918304080.

17. Hoger D. Incorporating Indigenous Knowledge into STEM and Early Childhood Education. Educating Young Children: Learning & Teaching in the Early Childhood Years. 2020;26(1):15-7. Available from: https://doi.org/10.18848/1836-6236/CGP/v02i04/51284.

18. Ineese-Nash N. Finding Our Power Together: Working with Indigenous Youth and Children during COVID-19. Child & Youth Services. 2020;41(3):274-6. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1080/0145935X.2020.1835161.

19. Katapally TR. Smart Indigenous Youth: The Smart Platform Policy Solution for Systems Integration to Address Indigenous Youth Mental Health. JMIR Pediatr Parent. 2020;3(2):e21155. Available from: https://doi.org/10.2196/21155.

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20. Koole M, Lewis K, Vassileva J, Deters R, Rocha BA, Camargo Silva Ld, et al. The nisotak Mobile App Project: Indigenous Language Revitalization in Action. 2020. Available from: https://www.learntechlib.org/p/218898/.

21. Leitao RM, Roth S. Understanding culture as a project: Designing for the future of an Indigenous community in Québec. FORMakademisk. 2020;13(5):1-13. Available from: https://www.ciera.ulaval.ca/publication/2794.

22. Lin CY, Loyola-Sanchez A, Boyling E, Barnabe C. Community engagement approaches for Indigenous health research: recommendations based on an integrative review. BMJ open. 2020;10(11):e039736. Available from: https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/10/11/e039736.

23. Martin J, Reyhner J, Manning R, Steeves J, Steeves L. Educational Leaders Building Relationships and Respecting and Affirming Indigenous Identity. Exploring leadership theory, policy, and practice for diverse schools. In: Veenis JC, Robertson S, Berry JR, editors. Multiculturalism and Multilingualism at the Crossroads of School Leadership2020. p. 89-109. Available from: https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-54750-9_6#citeas.

24. Mashford-Pringle A, Pavagadhi K. Using OCAP and IQ as Frameworks to Address a History of Trauma in Indigenous Health Research. AMA J Ethics. 2020;22(10):E868-73. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33103649.

25. Mearns C, Akearok GH, Cherba M, Nevin L. Early Childhood Education Training in Nunavut: Insights from the Inunnguiniq (“Making of a Human Being”) Pilot Project. First Peoples Child & Family Review. 2020;15(2):106-22. Available from: https://fpcfr.com/index.php/FPCFR/article/view/459.

26. Mecredy G, Naponse-Corbiere P, Walker J. Collaboration with First Nations Communities to Produce Tailored Community-Driven Results. International Journal of Population Data Science - Conference Proceedings for International Population Data Linkage Conference 2020. 2020;5(5). Available from: https://ijpds.org/issue/view/19.

27. Milne E, Wotherspoon T. Seeking to Improve Student Success by Building Connections Between Indigenous Parents and Schools. In: Mullen CA, editor. Handbook of Social Justice Interventions in Education. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2020. p. 1-20. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-29553-0_71-1.

28. Morcom LA, Roy S. Is early immersion effective for Aboriginal language acquisition? A case study from an Anishinaabemowin kindergarten. International Journal of Bilingual Education & Bilingualism. 2019;22(5):551-63. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1080/13670050.2017.1281217.

29. Mushquash C, Toombs E, Kowatch K, Lund J, Dalicandro L, Boles K. Promoting resilience within public health approaches for Indigenous communities. In: Ungar M, editor. Multisystemic Resilience: Adaptation and Transformation in Contexts of Change: Oxford University Press; 2021. Available from: https://global.oup.com/academic/product/multisystemic-resilience-9780190095888?cc=ca&lang=en&.

30. Podlasly M, Lindley-Peart M, von der Porten S. Indigenous sustainable investment. Discussing opportunities in ESG. West Vancouver, BC: The First Nations Major Project Coalition; 2021 Jan. Available from: https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5fb6c54cff80bc6dfe29ad2c/t/6009dc280d5f7c464a330584/1611258929977/FNMPC_ESG_Primer_2021_Final.pdf.

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31. Rieger KL, Gazan S, Bennett M, Buss M, Chudyk AM, Cook L, et al. Elevating the uses of storytelling approaches within Indigenous health research: a critical and participatory scoping review protocol involving Indigenous people and settlers. Syst Rev. 2020;9(1):257. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33148328.

32. Root D. MSIT No’Kmaq: An Indigenous framework for understanding children’s social emotional attachment. Journal of Indigenous Wellbeing. 2020(May). Available from: https://journalindigenouswellbeing.com/journal_articles/msit-nokmaq-an-indigenous-framework-for-understanding-childrens-social-emotional-attachment/.

33. Rowe R, Bull J, Walker J, editors. Indigenous data sovereignty and policy. New York, NY: Routledge; 2020. Available from: https://library.oapen.org/bitstream/handle/20.500.12657/42782/9781000214208.pdf?sequence=1#page=94.

34. Rowe RK, Bull JR, Walker JD. Indigenous self-determination and data governance in the Canadian policy context. In: Walter M, Kukutai T, Carroll SR, Rodriguez-Lonebear D, editors. Indigenous Data Sovereignty and Policy. New York, NY: Routledge; 2020. p. 81-98. Available from: https://www.routledge.com/Indigenous-Data-Sovereignty-and-Policy/Walter-Kukutai-Carroll-Rodriguez-Lonebear/p/book/9780367222369.

35. Smylie J, Marsden N, Star L, Gahagan J, Zarowsky C, Mykhalovskiy E, et al. Requirement for Meaningful Engagement of First Nations, Inuit, Metis, and Indigenous Peoples in Publications About Them. Can J Public Health. 2020;111(6):826-30. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33289057.

36. Stagg Peterson S. Developing a play-based communication assessment through collaborative action research with teachers in northern Canadian Indigenous communities. Literacy. 2017;51(1):36-43. Available from: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/lit.12088.

37. Stelkia K, Beck L, Manshadi A, Fisk AJ, Adams E, Browne AJ, et al. Letsemot, “Togetherness”: Exploring How Connection to Land, Water, and Territory Influences Health and Wellness with First Nations Knowledge Keepers and Youth in the Fraser Salish Region of British Columbia. International Journal of Indigenous Health. 2021;16(2). Available from: https://doi.org/10.32799/ijih.v16i2.33206.

38. Thiessen K, Haworth-Brockman M, Stout R, Moffitt P, Gelowitz J, Schneider J, et al. Indigenous perspectives on wellness and health in Canada: study protocol for a scoping review. Systematic Reviews. 2020;9(1):177. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13643-020-01428-0.

39. Turpel-Lafond ME. In Plain Sight. Addressing Indigenous-specific Racism and Discrimination in B.C. Health Care. Data report. Victoria, BC: Addressing Racism Review; 2020 Dec. Available from: https://engage.gov.bc.ca/app/uploads/sites/613/2021/02/In-Plain-Sight-Data-Report_Dec2020.pdf1_.pdf.

40. Turpel-Lafond ME. In Plain Sight. Addressing Indigenous-specific Racism and Discrimination in B.C. Health Care. Summary report. Victoria, BC: Addressing Racism Review; 2020 Nov. Available from: https://engage.gov.bc.ca/app/uploads/sites/613/2020/11/In-Plain-Sight-Summary-Report.pdf.

41. Wotherspoon T, Milne E. What Do Indigenous Education Policy Frameworks Reveal about Commitments to Reconciliation in Canadian School Systems? International Indigenous Policy Journal. 2020;11(1). Available from: https://ojs.lib.uwo.ca/index.php/iipj/article/view/10215.

42. Wright AL, Jack SM, Ballantyne M, Gabel C, Bomberry R, Wahoush O. How Indigenous mothers experience selecting and using early childhood development services to care for their infants.

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International journal of qualitative studies on health and well-being. 2019;14(1):1601486. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1080/17482631.2019.1601486.

MIDDLE YEARS

1. Klein RJ, Englund MM. Developmental Pathways to Adult Happiness: Social Competence and Timely High School Graduation. J Happiness Studies. 2021. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-021-00354-9.

PARTNERSHIPS, HUBS, INTEGRATED CENTRES/SERVICES 1. Mampane MR. The effect of a community-based social support programme on the resilience of

children from vulnerable families. Early Child Development & Care. 2020;190(10):1638-53. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1080/03004430.2019.1670653.

POLICY, PRACTICE, INTERVENTIONS

1. British Columbia Minister of Social Development and Poverty Reduction. TogetherBC. British Columbia’s Poverty Reduction Strategy. Victoria, BC: Ministry of Social Development and Poverty Reduction; 2019. Available from: https://www2.gov.bc.ca/assets/gov/british-columbians-our-governments/initiatives-plans-strategies/poverty-reduction-strategy/togetherbc.pdf.

2. British Columbia Ministry of Education. British Columbia Early Learning Framework. A Guide for Families. Victoria, BC: Province of BC; 2020. Available from: https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED606423.pdf.

3. Chan A. B.C. launches $400K pilot project to encourage active transportation at schools. CTV News. 2021 Feb 11. Available from: https://vancouverisland.ctvnews.ca/b-c-launches-400k-pilot-project-to-encourage-active-transportation-at-schools-1.5305437.

4. Duncan L, Georgiades K, Reid GJ, Comeau J, Birch S, Wang L, et al. Area-Level Variation in Children’s Unmet Need for Community-Based Mental Health Services: Findings from the 2014 Ontario Child Health Study. Administration & Policy in Mental Health & Mental Health Services Research. 2020;47(5):665-79. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10488-020-01016-3.

5. Ferdinands AR, Olstad DL, Milford KM, Maximova K, Nykiforuk CI, Raine KD. A Nutrition Report Card on food environments for children and youth: 5 years of experience from Canada. Public Health Nutr. 2020;23(12):2088-99. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1017/s1368980020000130.

6. Fitzpatrick C, Boers E, Pagani LS. Kindergarten Readiness, Later Health, and Social Costs. Pediatrics. 2020;146(6):e20200978. Available from: https://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/pediatrics/146/6/e20200978.full.pdf.

7. Frank J, Geddes R. A Public Health Perspective on Child Development - and on Scotland’s Approach to Assessment at P1. In: Palmer S, editor. Play is the Way: Child Development, Early Years and the Future of Scottish Education. Paisley, UK: CCWB Press, Paisley UK PA3 4DA; 2020. p. 156-71.

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Available from: https://www.research.ed.ac.uk/portal/en/publications/a-public-health-perspective-on-child-development--and-on-scotlands-approach-to-assessment-at-p1(b884c744-856e-4d5d-b6b3-c2859e5f7987).html.

8. Honourable Margaret Norrie McCain. Early Years Study 4: Thriving Kids, Thriving Society. Toronto, ON: Margaret and Wallace McCain Family Foundation Inc; 2020 Feb. Available from: http://mwmccain.ca/reports/2020/02/21/early-years-study-4-thriving-kids-thriving-society/.

9. Isquith-Dicker LN, Kwist A, Black D, Hawes SE, Slyker J, Bergquist S, et al. Early Child Development Assessments and Their Associations with Long-Term Academic and Economic Outcomes: A Systematic Review. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;18(4). Available from: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18041538.

10. Letourneau N, Donnelly C, Gagnon M, Hart M, Anis L. The Attachment and Child Health (ATTACH) integrated knowledge translation project Calgary, AB: University of Calgary; 2020. Available from: https://ktpathways.ca/system/files/resources/2020-12/IKTRN-Casebook-Vol-2.pdf#page=26.

11. Tamarack Institute. TOOL | Assessing the Effects of Local Intersectoral Action. Tamarack Institute; 2021. Available from: https://www.tamarackcommunity.ca/library/assessing-effects-local-intersectoral-action-tool-cacis?mc_cid=4f4ef438cf&mc_eid=04816d6ac3.

12. Vaghri Z, Jimerson S, Pearson C, Sinclair C. The Intersect Of Social Justice And Children’s Right To Participation: Implications For The Field Of School Psychology. Journal of Psychology and Educational Research. 2020;3(2):111-21. Available from: https://doi.org/10.12973/ejper.3.2.111.

SCREENING (tools, methods, school readiness, etc)

1. Andersen OK, O’Halloran SA, Kolle E, Lien N, Lakerveld J, Arah OA, et al. Adapting the SPOTLIGHT Virtual Audit Tool to assess food and activity environments relevant for adolescents: a validity and reliability study. International Journal of Health Geographics. 2021;20(1):4. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12942-021-00258-0.

2. Cairney J, Clark HJ, James ME, Mitchell D, Dudley DA, Kriellaars D. The Preschool Physical Literacy Assessment Tool: Testing a New Physical Literacy Tool for the Early Years. Front Pediatr. 2018;6:138. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29930933.

3. Duncan RJ, Duncan GJ, Stanley L, Aguilar E, Halfon N. The kindergarten Early Development Instrument predicts third grade academic proficiency. Early Child Res Q. 2020;53:287-300. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecresq.2020.05.009.

4. Fisher S, Bennett C, Hennessy D, Robertson T, Leyland A, Taljaard M, et al. International population-based health surveys linked to outcome data. A new resource for public health and epidemiology. 2020;31(7):12-23. Available from: https://www.doi.org/10.25318/82-003-x202000700002-eng.

5. Freeman S, Skinner K, Middleton L, Xiong B, Fang ML. Engaging Hard-to-Reach, Hidden, and Seldom-Heard Populations in Research. In: Sixsmith A, Sixsmith J, Mihailidis A, Fang ML, editors. Knowledge, Innovation, and Impact: A Guide for the Engaged Health Researcher. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2021. p. 81-91. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-34390-3_11.

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6. Richards J, Mahboubi P. Measuring Student Outcomes: The Case for Identifying Indigenous Students in Canada’s PISA Sample. C.D. Howe Institute e-brief 272. SSRN. 2018. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3124496.

SOCIAL DETERMINANTS

1. Ashdown BK, Faherty AN, editors. Parents and Caregivers Across Cultures: Positive Development from Infancy Through Adulthood: Springer; 2020. Available from: https://www.springer.com/gp/book/9783030355890.

2. Comeau J, Duncan L, Smith C, Smith-Carrier T, Georgiades K, Wang L, et al. The joint association of family-level inadequate housing and neighbourhood-level antisocial behaviour with child mental health problems. Child Youth Serv Rev. 2021;122:105874. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0190740920322969.

3. Law EC, Aishworiya R, Cai S, Bouvette-Turcot AA, Broekman BFP, Chen H, et al. Income disparity in school readiness and the mediating role of perinatal maternal mental health: a longitudinal birth cohort study. Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences. 2021;30:e6. Available from: https://www.cambridge.org/core/article/income-disparity-in-school-readiness-and-the-mediating-role-of-perinatal-maternal-mental-health-a-longitudinal-birth-cohort-study/C4CC3500C9934A12EA2A338C555D19A2.

4. Levesque AR, MacDonald S, Berg SA, Reka R. Assessing the Impact of Changes in Household Socioeconomic Status on the Health of Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review. Adolescent Research Review. 2021. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40894-021-00151-8.

5. Ouellet-Morin I, Cantave C, Lupien S, Geoffroy M-C, Brendgen M, Vitaro F, et al. Cumulative exposure to socioeconomic and psychosocial adversity and hair cortisol concentration: A longitudinal study from 5 months to 17 years of age. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2021;126:105153. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306453021000275.

6. Pérez E, Braën C, Boyer G, Mercille G, Rehany É, Deslauriers V, et al. Neighbourhood community life and health: A systematic review of reviews. Health & place. 2020;61:102238. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1353829219303430.

7. Zhang L, Han W-J. Uncovering Multidimensional Poverty Experiences in Shaping Children’s Socioemotional Trajectories during the First 6 Years of Schooling. Fam Process. 2020;59(4):1837-55. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1111/famp.12530.

SOCIOEMOTIONAL

1. Children’s Health Policy Centre. Helping children cope with trauma. Burnaby, BC: Simon Fraser University; 2021. Available from: http://childhealthpolicy.ca/the-quarterly/.

2. Duncan L, Georgiades K, Reid GJ, Comeau J, Birch S, Wang L, et al. Area-Level Variation in Children’s Unmet Need for Community-Based Mental Health Services: Findings from the 2014 Ontario

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Child Health Study. Administration & Policy in Mental Health & Mental Health Services Research. 2020;47(5):665-79. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10488-020-01016-3.

3. Fulton AE, Drolet J, Lalani N, Smith E. Prioritizing psychosocial services for children, youth and families postdisaster. Disaster Prevention & Management. 2020;29(4):591-607. Available from: https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/DPM-09-2019-0310/full/html.

4. Gardner W, Nicholls SG, Reid GJ, Hutton B, Hamel C, Sikora L, et al. A protocol for a scoping review of equity measurement in mental health care for children and youth. Systematic Reviews. 2020;9(1):233. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13643-020-01495-3.

5. Malboeuf-Hurtubise C, Leger-Goodes T, Mageau GA, Joussemet M, Herba C, Chadi N, et al. Philosophy for children and mindfulness during COVID-19: Results from a randomized cluster trial and impact on mental health in elementary school students. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 2021;107:110260. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33493652.

6. Orri M, Cote SM, Tremblay RE, Doyle O. Impact of an early childhood intervention on the home environment, and subsequent effects on child cognitive and emotional development: A secondary analysis. PLoS One. 2019;14(7):e0219133. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31269050.

7. Phillips SP, Yu J. Is anxiety/depression increasing among 5-25 year-olds? A cross-sectional prevalence study in Ontario, Canada, 1997-2017. J Affect Disord. 2021;282:141-6. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2020.12.178.

8. Rodrigues M, Sokolovic N, Madigan S, Luo Y, Silva V, Misra S, et al. Paternal Sensitivity and Children’s Cognitive and Socioemotional Outcomes: A Meta-Analytic Review. Child Dev. 2021;n/a(n/a). Available from: https://srcd.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/cdev.13545.

MEDIA (HELP general) Dr. Kim Schonert-Reichl: Recipient of the Janusz Korczak Medal.

Dr. Jennifer Charlesworth, British Columbia’s representative for children and youth, presented the Dean’s Distinguished Lecture and the Janusz Korczak Medal for Children’s Rights Advocacy on Jan. 27… more

SPECIAL

NEW COVID-19 1. Anderson G, Frank JW, Naylor CD, Wodchis W, Feng P. Using socioeconomics to counter health

disparities arising from the covid-19 pandemic. Br Med J. 2020;369:m2149. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.m2149.

2. Armour C, McGlinchey E, Butter S, McAloney-Kocaman K, McPherson KE. The COVID-19 Psychological Wellbeing Study: Understanding the Longitudinal Psychosocial Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic in the UK; a Methodological Overview Paper. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment. 2020. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10862-020-09841-4.

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3. Assembly of First Nations. A New Path Forward: AFN COVID-19 Discussion Paper – Summary for Input. AFN; 2020 Nov. Available from: http://www.afn.ca/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/20_11_16_DRAFT-Discussion-Paper_Summary-Document.pdf.

4. British Columbia Centre for Disease Control, British Columbia Ministry of Health. Coronavirus (Covid-19) Public Health Guidance for Childcare Settings. Vancouver, BC: BCCDC; 2021 Feb 12. Available from: http://www.bccdc.ca/Health-Info-Site/Documents/COVID_public_guidance/Guidance_Child_Care.pdf.

5. British Columbia Children’s Hospital. The PICS Study: Personal Impacts of COVID-19 Survey. 2021 Jan. Available from: https://www.bcchr.ca/POP/our-research/pics.

6. Fulton AE, Drolet J, Lalani N, Smith E. Prioritizing psychosocial services for children, youth and families postdisaster. Disaster Prevention & Management. 2020;29(4):591-607. Available from: https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/DPM-09-2019-0310/full/html.

7. Graber KM, Byrne EM, Goodacre EJ, Kirby N, Kulkarni K, O’Farrelly C, et al. A rapid review of the impact of quarantine and restricted environments on children’s play and the role of play in children’s health. Child Care Health Dev. 2021;47(2):143-53. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1111/cch.12832.

8. Merrill KA, William T, Joyce KM, Roos LE, Protudjer J. Potential psychosocial impact of COVID-19 on children: A scoping review of pandemics & epidemics. PsyArXiv. 2020. Available from: https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/ucdg9.

9. National institutes of Health. Study identifies risk factors for elevated anxiety in young adults during COVID-19 pandemic. Bethesda, MD: NIH; 2021 Feb 12. Available from: https://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/study-identifies-risk-factors-elevated-anxiety-young-adults-during-covid-19-pandemic.

10. Puyat JH, Ahmad H, Avina-Galindo AM, Kazanjian A, Gupta A, Ellis U, et al. A rapid review of home-based activities that can promote mental wellness during the COVID-19 pandemic. PLoS One. 2020;15(12):e0243125. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0243125.

11. Spinks N, MacNaull S, Kaddatz J. Families “Safe at Home”: The COVID-19 Pandemic and Parenting in Canada. Vanier Institute; 2021 Jan. Available from: https://vanierinstitute.ca/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/AR_Spinks_MacNaull_Kaddatz_Families-Safe-at-Home-The-COVID-19-Pandemic-and-Parenting-in-Canada.pdf.

12. Stieger S, Lewetz D, Swami V. Emotional Well-Being Under Conditions of Lockdown: An Experience Sampling Study in Austria During the COVID-19 Pandemic. J Happiness Studies. 2021. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-020-00337-2.

13. Toronto Public Health. COVID-19 Guidance for Child Care Settings. Toronto, ON: Toronto Public Health; 2021 Feb 12. Available from: https://www.toronto.ca/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/9571-COVID-19-Guidance-for-Child-Care-Settings.pdf.

14. Turnbull J, Baral S, Bond A, Boozary A, Bruketa E, Elmi N, et al. Seeking Shelter: Homelessness and COVID-19. Royal Society of Canada; 2021. Available from: https://rsc-src.ca/en/research-and-reports/covid-19-policy-briefing/seeking-shelter-homelessness-and-covid-19.

15. Zemrani B, Gehri M, Masserey E, Knob C, Pellaton R. A hidden side of the COVID-19 pandemic in children: the double burden of undernutrition and overnutrition. International Journal for Equity in Health. 2021;20(1):44. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12939-021-01390-w.

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CHILDREN’S ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH 1. Anderko L, Chalupka S, Du M, Hauptman M. Climate changes reproductive and children’s health: a

review of risks, exposures, and impacts. Pediatr Res. 2020;87(2):414-9. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31731287.

2. Canadian Urban Environmental Health Research Consortium (CANUE). GoodScore City. CANUE; 2021. Available from: https://canue.ca/goodscore-city/.

3. Cottagiri SA, De Groh M, Srugo SA, Jiang Y, Hamilton HA, Ross NA, et al. Are school-based measures of walkability and greenness associated with modes of commuting to school? Findings from a student survey in Ontario, Canada. Canadian Journal of Public Health. 2021. Available from: https://doi.org/10.17269/s41997-020-00440-0.

4. Dhar D, Thakre M. No Child’s Play: The Enduring Challenge of Creating Child-Friendly Cities. Observer Research Foundation; 2020 Oct. Available from: https://www.orfonline.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/ORF_IssueBrief_415_ChildFriendlyCities_FinalForUpload.pdf.

5. Earl L, Thomson P. Why Garden in Schools? London, UK: Routledge Taylor & Francis Group; 2021. Available from: https://www.routledge.com/Why-Garden-in-Schools/Earl-Thomson/p/book/9780367207588.

6. Krysiak N. Designing Child-Friendly High Density Neighbourhoods. Transforming our cities for the health, wellbeing and happiness of children. Australia: Cities for Play, funded by the Winston Churchill Memorial Trust; 2019. Available from: https://www.citiesforplay.com/child-friendly-neighbourhoods.

7. Lawson Foundation. Advancing Outdoor Play and Early Childhood Education: A Discussion Paper Toronto, ON: Lawson Foundation; 2019. Available from: https://lawson.ca/advancing-op-ece.pdf.

8. Mann J, Gray T, Truong S, Sahlberg P, Bentsen P, Passy R, et al. A Systematic Review Protocol to Identify the Key Benefits and Efficacy of Nature-Based Learning in Outdoor Educational Settings. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;18(3):1199. Available from: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/18/3/1199.

9. Mayne SL, Morales KH, Williamson AA, Grant SFA, Fiks AG, Basner M, et al. Associations of the residential built environment with adolescent sleep outcomes. Sleep. 2021. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsaa276.

10. Mitchell CA, Clark AF, Gilliland JA. Built Environment Influences of Children’s Physical Activity: Examining Differences by Neighbourhood Size and Sex. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2016;13(1):130. Available from: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/13/1/130.

11. Schönbach DMI, Altenburg TM, Marques A, Chinapaw MJM, Demetriou Y. Strategies and effects of school-based interventions to promote active school transportation by bicycle among children and adolescents: a systematic review. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Activity. 2020;17(1):138. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12966-020-01035-1.