human communication

This is our book!

Lecturer :Dr. Fatma Elzahraa

Elsayed

Part oneFoundations of Human Communication1- An introduction to human communication

2- Culture and communication

3- Understanding yourself and your perceptions

4- Effective listening

5- Verbal Communication

6- Nonverbal Communication

1- An introduction to human communication

Forms, Benefits, and Myths of

Human Communication

Elements of Human

Communication

Principles of Human

Communication

The Competent Communicator

• 8 - Forms of Human Communication: Intrapersonal Communication Interpersonal Communication Interviewing Small Group Communication Organizational CommunicationPublic SpeakingComputer-Mediated CommunicationMass Communication

Forms, Benefits, and Myths of Human Communication

• 6 - Benefits of Human Communication: Critical and creative thinking skills. Interaction skills. relationship skills. Leadership skills. Presentation skills. Media Literacy skills.


• 7 – Myths of Human Communication: (to be illustrated by two students)


Elements of Human Communication

Elements of Human Communication

CommunicationContext

Source/ receiver

Messages Channels

Noise

Effects

Principles of Human Communication

Purposeful Transacti

onal

Package of Signals

Content &Relationship

Process of Adjustments

Ambiguous

Punctuated

Inevitable, irreversible,Unrepeated

Competent Communicator

Makes reasoned choices.

Thinks critically and mindfully.

Culturally Sensitive.

Ethical

Effective listener

Media Literate

Next Time we will Study:Culture and Communication

P. 45

• What is Culture?• Cultural Differences.• Intercultural Communication.

2- Culture and Communication

2.1- What is Culture?

What is Culture?

• Culture consists of *relatively specialized elements of the lifestyle of a group of people that are *passed on from one generation to the next through communication, not through genes.

Seven Metaphors of CultureSalad/ jelly bean

s

Iceberg

Melting Pot

Organism

Mosaic

Sex and Gender

• Sex• refers to the biological and

physiological qualities that characterize men and women, and it determined by biology.

• Gender• refers to the socially constructed roles

and behaviors that society deems appropriate for males and females, and it is learned from society.

The Transmission of Culture

EnculturationThe process by which you learn the culture into which you are born.

AcculturationThe process by which you learn the rules and norms of a culture different from your native culture.(Assimilation)

The Importance of CultureIn Communication

• It is impossible to communicate effectively without being aware of how culture influences human communication.

The Importance of CultureIn Communication

Demographic Changes

Cultural Sensitivity

Communication Technology Politeness Communication

Competence

The Aim of a Cultural Perspective

• Success in Communication depends on your ability to communicate effectively with persons who are culturally different from yourself.

2.2- Cultural Differences

• Good intentions are helpful but not enough to be effective, you need to know how cultures differ and how these differences influence communication.

Seven major cultural Distinctions have an impact on Communication

Individual and collective orientation

High- and Low- Context Cultures

Power Distances

Masculine and feminine Cultures

High –and Low- Ambiguity- Tolerant Cultures

Long- and Short- Term Orientation

Indulgence and Restraint

2.3- Intercultural Communication

• Refers to communication between persons who have different cultural beliefs, values or ways of behaving.

• These differences may be Slight or Great.

Types of Intercultural Communication

Communicati

on betwe

en people

of differe

nt

National Cultures

Races

Ethnic Groups

Religions

Nations

Genders

Smaller Culture

in Larger

Improving Intercultural Communication

• Intercultural communication depends on the cultural sensitivity of both individuals.

• Cultural sensitivity is an attitude and way of behaving in which you are aware of (mindful) and acknowledge cultural differences.

Guidelines help you improve your Intercultural Communication

ICImprovement

Prepare yourself

ReduceEthno-

centrism

ConfrontStereotypes

IncreaseMindfulness

AvoidOver-

attributionRecognizeDifferences

Adjust Communicatio

n

End Of Chapter 2

Part TwoInterpersonal, Small Group, and organizational Communication

7- The art of successful conversation

8- The realm of the relationships

9- Friendly, Romantic, and Familial relationships

10- Working in small groups

11- Group interaction and leadership

12- Organizational Communication

13- Dealing with interpersonal conflict

Part ThreePublic Speaking

14- Public Speaking: topics, research, and audience analysis

15- Speech: Content Preparation

16- Delivering effective speeches

17- The informative speech: Principles and types

18- The persuasive speech: Goals, Principles, and strategies

14- Public Speaking: topics, research, and audience analysis

14.1- Introduction to Public Speaking

14.2- Managing your

apprehension

14.3- Step 1: select your topic,

purposes, and thesis

14.4- Step 2:Analyse your

audience

14.5- Step 3:Research your

topic

14.1- Introduction to Public Speaking

- In public speaking a speaker presents a relatively continuous message to a relatively large audience.

- Public speaking is transactional.

- The listeners also send messages in the form of feedback (applause, nods, looks, etc. )

A Brief History- Ancient Greece (Aristotle's Rhetoric)

explained the three kinds of persuasion appeals:

- Logos (logical appeals)- Pathos (emotional appeals)- Ethos (appeals based on speaker

character)- Roman Rhetorician, Marcus Fabius

Quintilianus, He developed the effective and responsible orator (speaker)

- Now, public speaking depending on incorporation insights from humanities, social sciences, computer science, and information technology.

The benefits of public speakingImprove

your

Public Speaking

abilitie

s

Improve

your

personal and

social

abilitie

s

Improve

your

academic and

career skills

14.2- Manage your apprehension- Some people have a general

communication apprehension which is a general fear of communication.

- State apprehension is only fear connected to certain communication situations.

- Some people are so apprehensive, others are mildly apprehensive, most of us are between these extremes.

- In fact, apprehension can work for you, fear can energize and motivate you to work harder.

Some techniques prove useful in managing apprehension in social and work situations

1- Select your topic, purposes,

and thesis

2- Analyse your audience

3- Research your topic

4- Collecting supporting materials

5- Develop your main points

Essential steps for preparation an effective public speech

6- Organize your speech materials

7- Construct your introduction,

conclusions, and transitions

8- Word your speech

9- Rehearse your speech

Present your speach

14.3- Step1- Select your Topic, purposes, and thesis

Your Topic Substantive Appropriate Culturally Sensitive

Finding Topics

Yourself Brainstorming Surveys News Items Topic lists

Limiting Topics

Topoi Tree Diagrams

Search directories

Your Purposes

General Purpose

Specific Purpose

- Informative or Persuasive Speeches

- Use an infinitive phrase.- Focus on the Audience.- Limit your specific purpose to

one idea.- Limit your specific purpose to

what is reasonable.

Your Thesis

- What is a Thesis?A thesis is your point of view, Its what you want the audience to get out of your speech.

Wording and using your thesis:- Limit your thesis to one central

idea.- State your thesis as a complete

declarative sentence.- Use your thesis to focus audience

attention.

14.4- Step2- Analyze your audience

Cultural Factors

Gender

AgeAffectional Orientation

Religion and Religiousness

Analysing the psychology of the Audience

How Willing is your Audience?

How Favourable is your Audience?

How Knowledgeable is your Audience?

Analysing and Adapting during the Speech

Focus on listeners as message senders

Address audience responses directly

Use answers to your “What if” questions

14.5- Step 3- Research Your Topic

Throughout research you will find examples, illustrations, and definitions to help you inform

your listeners; testimony, statistics, arguments to support your major ideas.

Research for specifics

Research to support a position

Research to discover what is Known

Research Notes

Create folders

Key your notes

Take complete Notes

Libraries and Bookstores

Interviewing for Information

Select the person you wish to interview

Secure an appointment

Create a cheat sheet

Ask Open ended questions

Ask for permission to record or print the interview

Close and follow up with an expression of appreciation

Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary Sources Material

Scholarly and Popular Journals

General Reference Works

Encyclopaedias

Almanacs

Biographical Materials

Statistical information

Evaluating internet resources

Fairness Accuracy Currency Sufficiency Qualification

The Web

The Government

News Sources

End Of Chapter 14

human communication

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