Human Body Systems Test Review

Structure and Functionof

Living Systems

1. List the parts of the Integumentary System.The integumentary system consists of the largest organ in the body, the skin. It also

includes the hair and nails.

2. List the parts of the Respiratory System.

The Human Respiratory System consists of the mouth, nares/nose, nasal (sinus) cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli and diaphragm

Lungs –of course!

Mouth

nasal (sinus) cavity

bronchioles

3. List the functions and structures of the following systems:

Mnemonic:

Circulatory

Function:

Structures (major organs):

MICE R NERDS

heart - veins - arteries - capillaries

this system is responsible for the movement of blood, nutrients, and gases throughout every cell in the body.

Muscular

Function:

Structures (major organs):

working with the bones and joints, this system provides movement for the body and maintains the body’s vertical posture.

- skeletal muscles (like biceps) -cardiac muscle (the heart) - smooth muscles (like stomach)

Skeletal

Function:

Structures (major organs):

1) Provides a frame and support for your body

1) enables you to move 2) protects your internal organs3) stores minerals until your body needs them

your bones (skeleton), cartilage, tendons, ligaments, joints (minor)

Digestive

Function:

Structures (major organs):

this system breaks down consumed food into nutrients and absorbs moisture needed by the body .

-mouth- -esophagus- stomach- -small intestine -large intestine -– rectum – anus

Accessory Organs: - salivary glands- tongue - liver- pancreas - gall bladder

Endocrine

Function:

Structures (major organs):

this system is a series of glands that excrete chemicals called hormones that regulate cell activity or organs

-pituitary gland (regulates growth)-thyroid gland (regulates metabolism) -adrenal gland (regulates stress hormones)- testes and ovaries

Respiratory

Function:

Structures (major organs):

this system is responsible for oxygenating the entire body as well as the removal of carbon dioxide.

Nose – nasal cavityMouth – PharynxTrachea (wind pipe) – Bronchi- Bronchioles –Alveoli –Lungs – Diaphragm

Nervous SystemFunction:

Structures (major organs):

system responsible for controlling all other systems through the sending and receiving of electrical signals. Receives info from inside and outside the body, directs the way your body responds to that info, and helps maintain homeostasis.

- Brain (part of CNS) - Spinal Cord (part of CNS)- Nerves

Integumentary SystemFunction:

Structures (major organs):

this system includes the hair, skin, and nails and is the bodies first line of defense against harmful micro-organisms and trauma1) Covers body and prevents water loss 2) Protects body from injury and infection 3) Regulates Body Temperature 4) Eliminates waste 5) Gathers info about the environment 6) Produces Vitamin D

- Skin- Hair- Nails

4. Explain how the Circulatory and Excretory system work together.

Blood that circulates through the body passes through one of the two kidneys. Waste like urea, uric acid, and water are removed from the bloodand most of the water is put back into the system.

The circulatory brings cellular waste from the body to the excretory system so it can be removed from the body.

5. Explain how the Respiratory and Circulatory system work together.

The respiratory system takes in oxygen. Oxygen goes through the walls of the aveoli (air sacs) and into the capillaries. Oxygen is then transported throughout the body.GAS EXCHANGE!!!!

When you breathe, the circulatory system carries oxygen to your cells and carries dissolved carbon dioxide back to the lungs.

6. Name the largest organ in the body. It is part of what system?

The skin is the largest organ in the body: 12-15% of body weight, with a surface area of 1-2 meters.

It is part of the Integumentary system.

7. Name the 3 basic kinds of joints in the body and give an example of each.

Ball and socket-shoulder-allows the arm to move freely

7. Name the 3 basic kinds of joints in the body and give an example of each.

Hinge-knee -allows movement forward and back( like a door)

Sliding-hand

8. Name the largest bone in the body.

9. Where are the smallest bones in the body located?

the femur

The three smallest bones are the ear ossicles, three bones found in the middle ear. They are the stapes (stirrup), incus (anvil) and malleus (hammer).

10. Name the 3 types of muscle tissue found in the body and tell where each is found.

Smooth muscles are found in your digestive tract and blood vessels

Cardiac muscles are found in the walls of the heart

Skeletal muscles are found in muscles which are attached to the skeleton

11.Put the following in order from smallest to largest: organs, tissues, organism, cells, organ system

Cells

Tissues

Organs

Organ System

Organism

Define the following:

red blood cell

white blood cell

carries oxygen and nutrients through the body and is made in the marrow

One of the cells the body makes to help fight infections. an important part of the body's defense system.

Define the following:

Tendon

Cartilage

Ligament

connects muscle to bone

soft, connective tissue used for protection found in joints ,and between bones.

connects bone to bone

Define the following:

Homeostasis

Oxygenate

process which helps the body maintain a stable internal condition

To combine or mix with oxygen. Blood is oxygenated in the lungs.

Define the following:

RespirationThe act or process of inhaling and exhaling; breathing. Taking in oxygen – releasing carbon dioxide.

In air-breathing vertebrates, respiration takes place in the lungs.

In fish and many invertebrates, respiration takes place through the gills.

Respiration in green plants occurs during photosynthesis.

Not Cellular

Respiration

Define the following:

Gas Exchange the passage of oxygen and carbon dioxide in opposite directions across the alveoli (alveolar membrane)

Define the following:

Artery

Vein

Capillary

a blood vessel that conveys blood from the heart to any part of the body (AWAY)

A blood vessel that carries blood that is low in oxygen content from the body back to the heart. (INTO)

are the smallest blood vessels in the body, connecting the smallest arteries (arterioles) to the smallest veins (venules)

Define the following:

Involuntary

(autonomic)

Voluntary

(somatic)

muscles that you do not have control over.Example –heart, digestive

muscle you have control over.Example-would be skeletal

14. Name and define the 2 ways food is broken down by the digestive system.

• Mechanical digestion breaks food down physically.

• Chemical digestion uses enzymes (digestive juices) to breaks food down.

15. What is the main function of the digestive system?

• The main function of the digestive system is to breaks food down into nutrients the body can use.

16. What elements are found in organic compounds?

• Mnemonic --- CHONPS• Carbon• Hydrogen • Oxygen • Nitrogen • Phosphorous • Sulfur

17. List the forms of energy.

• Radiant (light) energy

• Chemical energy

• Thermal (heat) energy

• Mechanical energy

• Kinetic energy

• Potential energy

18. Name the type of energy conversion occurring in each of the following:

• Energy from the sun used in photosynthesis:

• Energy from food turned into fat:

• energy from food used by an organism to keep warm:

radiant (light) to chemical

chemical to chemical

chemical to thermal

19. The body breaks down carbohydrates into what substance?

• Carbohydrates are broken down by saliva (amylase) in the mouth into starches and sugar.

20. The body breaks down proteins into what substance?

• proteins are broken down into amino acids.

a. Interaction of food with bile

b. Movement of food during peristalsis

c. Chewing food

d. Chewing food and mixing of food with saliva (amylase)

e. Reaction of food with stomach acids

f. Reaction of food with hydrochloric acid

g. Absorption of nutrients by villi in the small intestine

h. Compacting of waste materials in the large intestine

21. State whether the following is a chemical change, physical change or both.

Chemical

Physical

Physical

BothChemical

Chemical

Both

Physical

22. What is homeostasis?

23. How does your body maintain a stable internal temperature?

• Homeostasis is the process used by the body to maintain a stable internal environment.

• Your body maintains a stable internal temperature through the process of Homeostasis.

24. Why do you get a fever when you get sick?

• Most pathogens (germs & viruses) cannot survive if their environment (your body) gets too hot.

25. What are your 5 senses?

What body system do your senses belong to?

• Your 5 senses belong to the nervous system

• hearing, seeing, tasting, touching, smelling

26. What is the name of the nerve that carries impulses from your eye to your brain?

• nerve that carries impulses from your

eye to your brain is the optic nerve

27. Draw an eye and label the…

• Cornea• Lens• Retina• Sclera• Optic Nerve

28. What does the retina do?• The retina receives the image seen through your eye, only in reverse up to down. It transmits this image through the optical

nerve and your brain returns the inverted

image to its

correct right

side up.

29. What does the pupil do?• The pupil is the opening in the middle of the iris that light passes through. It expands and

contracts to control the amount.• Brighter light – it contracts.• Less light – it expands.

30. List the entire pathway that food takes during digestion. Begin with the mouth.

• mouth• esophagus• stomach• small intestine• large intestine• rectum• anus