THE SKELETAL SYSTEMHuman Anatomy & Physiology

Nov/Dec 2015

Goal 2• Be able to identify the major anatomical

structures found in a long bone• Text: p. 132

Structure of the Long Bones of the Body

Diaphysis The shaft of the

bone (#9) Hollow tube Very strong But light enough to

allow for easy movement

Structure of the Long Bones of the Body

Medullary Cavity Hollow area in the

shaft of the long bone

Contains soft yellow bone marrow Soft, inactive, fatty

form of marrow

Structure of the Long Bones of the Body

Epiphysis Ends of the long

bone (#8) Contains spongy

bone (small spaces)

Spaces filled with red bone marrow

Structure of the Long Bones of the Body

Articular Cartilage Thin layer of

cartilage covering each epiphysis

Functions like a small rubber cushion over the ends of the bone where they form a joint

Structure of the Long Bones of the Body

Periosteum Strong fibrous

membrane covering a long bone (except at joint surfaces)

(#6)

Structure of the Long Bones of the Body

Endosteum Fibrous membrane

that lines the medullary cavity

Goal 3 Be able to discuss the microscopic

structure of a bone and cartilage. Text: p. 132-134

Microscopic Structure of Bone and Cartilage

Skeletal system has two types of connective tissue: Bone cartilage

Microscopic Structure of Bone and Cartilage

Bone has different appearance and texture Compact bone

Outer layer Hard and dense

Porous bone Also called “spongy bone” End of long bones Spaces may be filled with

bone marrow Trabeculae – needle-like

threads that surround these spaces

Microscopic Structure of Bone and Cartilage

Osteons In compact bone Contains blood vessel and

surrounded by layers of concentric rings called concentric lamella

Osteocytes – bone cells Lacunae - cells that lie

within the hard layers of the rings

Canaliculi- tiny passageway between lacunae and central (Haversian) canal Allow nutrients from blood to

reach osteocytes

Microscopic Structure of Bone and Cartilage

Cartilage Numerous collagenous

fibers embedded in a gel – allows for flexibility

Chondrocytes – cartilage cells

No blood vessels – heals very slowly if injured

Locations in body: Outer ear End of ribs End of nose

Goal 4 Be able to explain how bones are formed,

how they grow, and how they are remodeled

Text: p. 134-136

Goal 5 Be able to identify the two major

subdivisions of the skeleton and list the bones found in each

Text: p. 136-152

Goal 6 Be able to list and compare the types of

joints in the body and give an example of each

Text: p. 153-158

Goal 7 Be able to name and describe major

disorders of bones and joints Text: p. 158-163