Human Anatomy

An overview of the An overview of the human body systemshuman body systems

Anatomy

Anatomy is the scientific Anatomy is the scientific discipline that investigates the discipline that investigates the body’s structure.body’s structure.

It examines the relationship It examines the relationship between the structure of a body between the structure of a body part and its function.part and its function.

Levels of organization

Chemical levelChemical levelCell levelCell levelTissue levelTissue levelOrgan levelOrgan levelOrgan system levelOrgan system levelOrganism levelOrganism level

Chemical level

Smallest level of organization.Smallest level of organization.It involves atoms & molecules.It involves atoms & molecules.

Cell level

This level involves cells (basic This level involves cells (basic units of all living things) & their units of all living things) & their organelles.organelles.

Tissue level

A tissue is a group of similar A tissue is a group of similar cells & materials surrounding cells & materials surrounding them.them.

Examples: heart tissue, muscle Examples: heart tissue, muscle tissuetissue

Organ level

An organ is composed of 2 or An organ is composed of 2 or more tissue types that perform more tissue types that perform one or more common functions.one or more common functions.

Examples: heart, lungsExamples: heart, lungs

Organ system levelA group of organs that have a A group of organs that have a

common function or set of common function or set of functions & are therefore viewed functions & are therefore viewed as a unit.as a unit.

Examples: digestive system, Examples: digestive system, nervous systemnervous system

Organism levelAn organism is any living thing An organism is any living thing

considered as a whole, whether considered as a whole, whether composed of one cell or trillions composed of one cell or trillions of cells.of cells.

Examples: bacterium, humanExamples: bacterium, human

Integumentary system

Organs of the integumentary Organs of the integumentary system:system:SkinSkinAccessory structures—hair, nails Accessory structures—hair, nails

& sweat glands& sweat glands

Integumentary system

Integumentary system

This system, in particular the This system, in particular the skin, forms a protective barrier skin, forms a protective barrier around the body.around the body.

The skin also helps prevent The skin also helps prevent water loss & control body water loss & control body temperature.temperature.

Integumentary system

The skin also gathers The skin also gathers information about the information about the surroundings.surroundings.

Skeletal system – Organs

BonesBonesCartilageCartilageTendonsTendonsLigamentsLigaments

Skeletal system

Skeletal system

This system…This system…Helps you move.Helps you move.Protects your internal organs.Protects your internal organs.Gives your body shape & support.Gives your body shape & support.Stores minerals.Stores minerals.Produces blood cells.Produces blood cells.

Muscular system – Organs

MusclesMusclesSkeletal (voluntary movement)Skeletal (voluntary movement)Smooth (involuntary movement)Smooth (involuntary movement)Cardiac (involuntary movement)Cardiac (involuntary movement)

Muscular system

Muscular system

This system is responsible for This system is responsible for voluntary movements (I.e., voluntary movements (I.e., jumping & pointing) and jumping & pointing) and involuntary movements (I.e., involuntary movements (I.e., beating of your heart and the beating of your heart and the churning of your stomach).churning of your stomach).

Nervous system – Organs

BrainBrainSpinal cordSpinal cordNervesNervesSensory receptorsSensory receptors

Nervous system

Nervous system

This system detects changes This system detects changes outside and inside the body and outside and inside the body and controls the way the body controls the way the body responds to these changes.responds to these changes.

Endocrine system – Organs

Pituitary glandPituitary glandHypothalamus Hypothalamus

glandglandThyroid glandThyroid glandParathyroid Parathyroid

glandsglands

Adrenal Adrenal glandsglands

PancreasPancreasPineal bodyPineal bodyThymusThymusOvariesOvariesTestesTestes

Endocrine system

Endocrine system

This system produces chemical This system produces chemical messengers called hormones.messengers called hormones.

Some hormones help to maintain Some hormones help to maintain homeostasis.homeostasis.

Other hormones control Other hormones control development & growth.development & growth.

Circulatory system– Organs

HeartHeartBloodBloodBlood vessels—veins & arteriesBlood vessels—veins & arteries

Heart

Circulatory system

Circulatory system

This system transports oxygen This system transports oxygen and nutrients to the cells and and nutrients to the cells and carries wastes away from cells.carries wastes away from cells.

Lymphatic system – Organs Lymphatic vesselsLymphatic vessels Lymph nodesLymph nodes LymphLymphLymphocytesLymphocytesSpleenSpleenTonsils Tonsils

Lymphatic system

Lymphatic system

This system takes fluid from the This system takes fluid from the spaces between cells and returns spaces between cells and returns it to the circulatory system.it to the circulatory system.

It also filters bacteria and other It also filters bacteria and other microorganisms from this fluid.microorganisms from this fluid.

Immune systemThe immune system is a The immune system is a functionalfunctional systemsystem rather than an rather than an organ system in an anatomical organ system in an anatomical sense.sense.

Certain organs of the body Certain organs of the body (lymphatic & circulatory (lymphatic & circulatory systems) are intimately involved systems) are intimately involved with the immune response.with the immune response.

Immune system

Immune system

This system protects the body This system protects the body from infection.from infection.

Respiratory system–Organs

Nasal cavityNasal cavityPharynxPharynxTracheaTracheaBronchiBronchiLungsLungs

Respiratory system

Respiratory system

This system moves oxygen into This system moves oxygen into the body and carbon dioxide out the body and carbon dioxide out of the body.of the body.

Digestive system – Organs

Gastrointestinal tract—mouth, Gastrointestinal tract—mouth, esophagus, stomach, small esophagus, stomach, small intestine & large intestineintestine & large intestine

Accessory organs—liver, Accessory organs—liver, gallbladder & pancreasgallbladder & pancreas

Digestive system

Digestive system

This system digests (breaks This system digests (breaks down) food and absorbs down) food and absorbs nutrients.nutrients.

Excretory system – Organs

KidneysKidneysUretersUretersBladderBladderUrethraUrethra

Excretory system

Excretory system

This system removes wastes This system removes wastes from the body & helps maintain from the body & helps maintain homeostasis.homeostasis.

Reproductive system–Organs TestesTestesEpididymisEpididymisVas deferensVas deferensSeminal Seminal

vesiclesvesicles

Prostate glandProstate glandCowper’s Cowper’s

glands glands Urethra Urethra PenisPenis

Reproductive system–OrgansExternal parts:External parts:

VulvaVulvaLabia majoraLabia majoraLabia minoraLabia minora

Internal parts:Internal parts:OvariesOvariesFallopian tubesFallopian tubesUterus Uterus VaginaVagina

Female reproductive system                                 

Male reproductive system                                 

Reproductive system

In males, this system produces In males, this system produces sperm.sperm.

In females, this system produces In females, this system produces eggs.eggs.