HUM 2232

Renaissance to Baroque

Jules Michelet

French historian was

first to use the term

Renaissance in 1858

Jacob Burckhardt

His use of the

term in 1860

made it it a

permanent fixture

Giorgio Vassari

Lives of the

Artists Referred

to the age

between Greco-

Roman and

Renaissance as

the “degenerate

period” and first

to call it the

Middle Ages. It

stuck!

Signifies the rediscovery and utilization of ancient virtues, skills, knowledge, and culture which had been lost in the barbarous centuries follow the fall of Rome in the West c. fifth century A.D. ~Paul Johnson

Most generations, however, look back to some golden ageThe 9th century under CharlemagneThe 12th century under Hildebrand who formed what

later became universities Events like these may be called a proto-

renaissance and from them universities like Notre Dame and Oxford emerged

Renaissance

But why didn’t the proto-renaissances spread and sustain themselves

Two Reasons:Money ~ “The root of all civilization is money” ~ Will

Durant In late Middle Ages wealth was being produced in great

quantityOccupations of large-scale commerce and banking florishedWith the accumulation of wealth came the patronage of the

art, architecture, literature, and music

The Human Elementhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i3byt7xMSCAhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QpydugTkt1U

Renaissance

The Human Element http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vsCG26886

w8http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QpydugTkt1

UMoney can buy art, but only if there are

craftsmen to produce itThe late Middle Ages, and the transitional

14th century had an abundance of both money and craftsmen

Renaissance

Workshops of all kinds emerged specializing in intermediate technology:Stone LeatherMetalWoodPlasterChemicalsFabricsMachinery

Families of those who worked in these shops produced the art

The Renaissance

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BsCkgX2epFw&feature=related

The Black Death

Important Figures Roles

Charles IV (France) King of France (Last Capetian king)

King Edward III (England) Nephew of Charles IV

King Phillip VI Believed himself to successor of Charles IV

The Black Prince Son of Edward III (English General)

Henry V King of England (succeeded Edward III & lead military)

Joan of Arc French leader (at age 13 heard the voice of God & led the French to victory at siege of Orleans)

Hundred Years War

Stages Dates Battles Victor

1st 1340-1356 Crecy &Poitiers

England

2nd 1364-1372 La Rochelle France

3rd 1415-1424 Agincourt England

4th 1428-1453 Siege of Orleans

France

Hundred Years War (1337-1453)

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aBSH3IoFZsc

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xpswyzn-LZA

The Hundred Years War

The Black Plague (1348)The Hundred Years War (1337-1453)The Great Schism (1309-1376)

Review of Important Dates

Dante (1265-1321) Dante the man

Born in Florence Exiled for criticism of government

and church Dante the poet

Classical influence Christian influence Italian influence

Dante the pilgrim “Midway in the journey of our life I

found myself in a dark wood…how hard to say what a harsh thing was that wood savage and rough and hard”

Divine Comedy Inferno - Hell Purgatorio - Purgatory Paradiso – Paradise Sacramental view of the world &

history – Beatrice and Virgil

Inferno – Hell “Ye who enter, abandon all hope.” “The hottest places in hell are reserved for those who, in times of great

moral crisis, maintain their neutrality.” “The path to paradise begins in hell.” “Into the eternal darkness, into fire and into ice. ” “The devil is not as black as he is painted.”

Purgatorio – Purgatory Paradiso – Paradise

"My son, you've seen the temporary fire and the eternal fire; you have reached the place past which my powers cannot see.  I've brought you here through intellect and art; from now on, let your pleasure be your guide; you're past the steep and past the narrow paths.  Look at the sun that shines upon your brow; look at the grasses, flowers, and the shrubs born here, spontaneously, of the earth.  Among them, you can rest or walk until the coming of the glad and lovely eyes-yourself." [Virgil's last words to Dante as he gives Dante the power to guide himself.  Canto XXVII, Purgatorio]

Divine Comedy

Love The center of the center is love Love, then, is the very center of Divine Comedy Virgil - all sin is a distorted attempt at love Purgatory does is realign, purify and redirect our love It is love which gives rise to all our actions, and it is love "which

moves the sun and the other stars” Sin is a failure or misdirection of love

Ordinate Inordinate

Love too little = slothful Love too much = lustful

Sacramental view of the world & history – Beatrice and Virgil 'O light and honor of all other poets, may my long study and the

intense love that made me search your volume serve me now.  You are my master and my author, you-the only one from whom my writing drew the noble style for which I have been honored.'"

Divine Comedy

Petrarch (1304-1374)Father of humanismAugustinian

influenceInfluence of Cicero &

Virgil Latin Scholar –

discovered and copied many ancient texts

His love – Laura

BaccaccioThe Decameron The plague