hubs 1 source: world competitiveness year book 1997
TRANSCRIPT
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HUBS 1Source: World Competitiveness Year Book 1997
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WHAT IS WORLD COMPETITIVENESS?
WHAT IS WORLD COMPETITIVENESS?
Competitiveness is the ability of a country to create added value and thus increase national wealth by managing assets and
processes, attractiveness and aggressiveness, globality and proximity,
and by integrating these relationships into an economic and social model.
Competitiveness is the ability of a country to create added value and thus increase national wealth by managing assets and
processes, attractiveness and aggressiveness, globality and proximity,
and by integrating these relationships into an economic and social model.
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The main components of this definition are the
following:
The main components of this definition are the
following: An Economic and Social Model Assets and Processes Attractiveness and Aggressiveness Globality and Proximity Added Value National Wealth
An Economic and Social Model Assets and Processes Attractiveness and Aggressiveness Globality and Proximity Added Value National Wealth
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An Economic and Social ModelAn Economic and Social ModelIn theory, every nation is free to define its own
economic and social approach to managing competitiveness.
However, in reality, regional and international agreements limit the margin of manoeuvrability
that nations have.
Economic policies and business rules are being harmonised world-wide with a strong emphasis
on market economics. From a social point of view, nations have preserved more sovereignty.
In theory, every nation is free to define its own economic and social approach to managing
competitiveness.
However, in reality, regional and international agreements limit the margin of manoeuvrability
that nations have.
Economic policies and business rules are being harmonised world-wide with a strong emphasis
on market economics. From a social point of view, nations have preserved more sovereignty.
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Assets and ProcessesAssets and ProcessesCompetitiveness may stem from inherited assets
such as natural resources, land and population size (e.g. Brazil, Australia, India), and/or from
processes that determine their present ability to create added value (e.g. Japan, Switzerland,
Singapore).
The industrial revolution in Britain was a vital process which transformed the country's
natural assets, coal and iron, into added value.
Competitiveness may stem from inherited assets such as natural resources, land and population size (e.g. Brazil, Australia, India), and/or from
processes that determine their present ability to create added value (e.g. Japan, Switzerland,
Singapore).
The industrial revolution in Britain was a vital process which transformed the country's
natural assets, coal and iron, into added value.
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Attractiveness and Aggressiveness
Attractiveness and Aggressiveness
Determining a nation's competitiveness can only be done
by testing it in international markets. Nations approach the
process of internationalisation by being attractive and/or
aggressive.
Determining a nation's competitiveness can only be done
by testing it in international markets. Nations approach the
process of internationalisation by being attractive and/or
aggressive.
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Attractiveness and Aggressiveness
Attractiveness and Aggressiveness
Some nations focus on attractiveness, i.e. creating a domestic environment
that is conducive to foreign direct investments being made inside their
country, through trade, partnerships with foreign
enterprises, etc. (e.g. Ireland, Thailand).
Some nations focus on attractiveness, i.e. creating a domestic environment
that is conducive to foreign direct investments being made inside their
country, through trade, partnerships with foreign
enterprises, etc. (e.g. Ireland, Thailand).
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Attractiveness and Aggressiveness
Attractiveness and Aggressiveness
Other nations emphasise aggressively striving to enter
international markets by making direct investments outside their country through exports (e.g.
Korea, Japan).
Other nations emphasise aggressively striving to enter
international markets by making direct investments outside their country through exports (e.g.
Korea, Japan).
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Globality and ProximityGlobality and ProximityThis relationship defines the
amount of international presence a nation is seeking. Nations
manage two types of economies: one that is close at hand
(proximity), and one that is far-reaching (globality).
This relationship defines the amount of international presence
a nation is seeking. Nations manage two types of economies:
one that is close at hand (proximity), and one that is far-
reaching (globality).
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The economy of proximityThe economy of proximityThe economy of proximity - consisting of
traditional activities such as plumbers and butchers, social activities such as doctors and teachers, administrative
activities such as government and justice, and consumer supporting
activities such as after-sales services and customisation - provides added value
close to the end user.
The economy of proximity - consisting of traditional activities such as plumbers and butchers, social activities such as doctors and teachers, administrative
activities such as government and justice, and consumer supporting
activities such as after-sales services and customisation - provides added value
close to the end user.
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The economy of globalityThe economy of globalityThe economy of globality - consisting of
international activities that the factors related to production need not necessarily
be actually near the end user.
Pursuing this option affects decisions regarding the degree of exposure, regulation and, eventually, social
volatility of the economy.
The economy of globality - consisting of international activities that the factors
related to production need not necessarily be actually near the end user.
Pursuing this option affects decisions regarding the degree of exposure, regulation and, eventually, social
volatility of the economy.
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Added ValueAdded ValueEconomists typically calculate added value by using a country's gross national product (GNP) or gross domestic product (GDP).
A more subtle method such as taking the GNP or GDP adjusted to purchasing
power parity (PPP), now calculated by the World Bank and the OECD, also accounts for the impact created by the general level
of domestic prices.
Economists typically calculate added value by using a country's gross national product (GNP) or gross domestic product (GDP).
A more subtle method such as taking the GNP or GDP adjusted to purchasing
power parity (PPP), now calculated by the World Bank and the OECD, also accounts for the impact created by the general level
of domestic prices.
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Added ValueAdded ValueOther methods discount inflation, currency fluctuation, etc. GNP and GDP are, however, inadequate as a means of measuring because
they do not include all aspects of added value.
For example, they do not differentiate between revenues generated by the depletion of non-renewable assets such as oil and revenues
generated by processes such as manufacturing.
Other methods discount inflation, currency fluctuation, etc. GNP and GDP are, however, inadequate as a means of measuring because
they do not include all aspects of added value.
For example, they do not differentiate between revenues generated by the depletion of non-renewable assets such as oil and revenues
generated by processes such as manufacturing.
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National WealthNational WealthNational wealth is the end result of
competitiveness.
It is composed of inherited assets, such as natural resources, and created assets which are built up over the years by a competitive
process.
Nowadays, the national wealth of many industrialised nations is mainly the result of
competitiveness that occurred over a number of years in the past.
National wealth is the end result of competitiveness.
It is composed of inherited assets, such as natural resources, and created assets which are built up over the years by a competitive
process.
Nowadays, the national wealth of many industrialised nations is mainly the result of
competitiveness that occurred over a number of years in the past.
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AnalysisAnalysis
Competitiveness:A national environment is
described through 250 criteria grouped into 8 factors.
Competitiveness:A national environment is
described through 250 criteria grouped into 8 factors.
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I Domestic EconomyI Domestic EconomyValue addedCapital formationFinal consumptionEconomic sectorsCost of livingEconomic forecasts
Value addedCapital formationFinal consumptionEconomic sectorsCost of livingEconomic forecasts
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II InternationalisationII InternationalisationBalance of paymentsExports of goods and services Imports of goods and servicesExchange rateForeign direct investmentsNational protectionismOpenness
Balance of paymentsExports of goods and services Imports of goods and servicesExchange rateForeign direct investmentsNational protectionismOpenness
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III GovernmentIII GovernmentNational debtGovernment expendituresFiscal policiesState efficiencyState involvementJustice and security
National debtGovernment expendituresFiscal policiesState efficiencyState involvementJustice and security
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IV FinanceIV FinanceCost of capitalAvailability of capitalStock markets dynamismBanking sector efficiency
Cost of capitalAvailability of capitalStock markets dynamismBanking sector efficiency
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V InfrastructureV InfrastructureBasic infrastructureTechnological
infrastructureEnergy self-sufficiencyEnvironment
Basic infrastructureTechnological
infrastructureEnergy self-sufficiencyEnvironment
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VI ManagementVI ManagementProductivityLabour costsCorporate performanceManagement efficiency
ProductivityLabour costsCorporate performanceManagement efficiency
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VII Science & TechnologyVII Science & TechnologyR+D expendituresR+D personnelTechnology managementScientific environmentIntellectual property
R+D expendituresR+D personnelTechnology managementScientific environmentIntellectual property
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VIII PeopleVIII PeoplePopulation characteristicsLabour force characteristicsEmploymentUnemploymentEducational structuresQuality of lifeAttitudes and values
Population characteristicsLabour force characteristicsEmploymentUnemploymentEducational structuresQuality of lifeAttitudes and values
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HUBS 28Source: World Competitiveness Year Book 1996
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UK: Overall Performance 92 - 96
Source: World Competitiveness Year Book 1997
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France: Overall Performance 92 - 96
Source: World Competitiveness Year Book 1997
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Japan: Overall Performance 92 - 96
Source: World Competitiveness Year Book 1997
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USA: 1992 - 1996
Source: World Competitiveness Year Book 1997
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USA: 1992 - 1996
Source: World Competitiveness Year Book 1997
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China: Overall Performance 92 - 96
Source: World Competitiveness Year Book 1997
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Russia: Overall Performance 1994 - 1996
Source: World Competitiveness Year Book 1997