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TRANSCRIPT
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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0okytU6LpEc
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=md-q5GRo9E0
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THE COLD WAR
CONTINUED
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Objective…
•Trace the continuing events & policies of the Cold War through the Eisenhower Administration.
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The long term struggle with the
Soviets may produce a “garrison state”…
34) DDE’s concerns…
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The “New Look”…
• Sec. of Defense Wilson coins the phrase ”more bang for the buck”…
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35) The “New Look”…• Reduce military expenses• Nuclear weapons are
cheaper than conventional forces
• Pursue high- tech nuclear weapons to
• “Massive retaliation”…
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Sec. of StateJohn
Foster Dulles
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Sec. of StateJ. F. Dulles
36) Identify J.F. Dulles… Describe his position on communism & his role in
the “new look”.
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Sec. of State J.F. Dulles
• Dominant in US foreign policy during the 50s
• Denounces “Containment”
• “Rollback”…
• “Massive retaliation”…
• “Brinksmanship”…
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The “New Look”
• The “new look” successfully reduced military spending...
1952 196066%............... 49% of budget
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37) How did DDE feel about the “new
look”?...
38) How did DDE handle the crises in E.
Berlin & Hungary?
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Leader of the USSR
1958–1964
Nikita
Khrushchev
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39) How did the ascension to power
of Nikita Khrushchev affect U.S.-Soviet
relations?
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40) What incident ended the thawing of the Cold War?...
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The U-2 Incident
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yCoXJ_bDGTM
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U-2 Spy Plane
The U-2 Incident May 1 ,1960
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The U-2 Wreckage
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Map indicating the flight path…
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The Soviets
recoveredthe
parachute &
cameras
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U-2 wreckage on displayed in Moscow
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Lt. Powers was found guilty & spent 21 months in a Soviet
prison. He was released as part of a prisoner exchange.
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The Results of the U-2 Incident….
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Sputnik - Oct. 4, 1957 • The first artificial satellite
• Size of a basketball…183 lbs
• 98 minute orbit
• The start of the space race
• The USA fears the Soviet ability to launch nuclear missiles.
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The Sputnik Launch
Oct. 4, 1957
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Oct. 1957 - Eisenhower playing golf while Sputnik races overhead…
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October 1957, Washington
Post - Khrushchev
celebrating the apparent Sputnik
victory…
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41) The National Defense Education
Act of 1958…
•NASA is formed
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An appeal to not spare the rod when it comes to catching up with the Soviets.
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Covert Action
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Covert Action
42) Why did Eisenhower believe the CIA was a
practical way of resolving international
political problems?
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Covert Action
43) How did the U.S. & the USSR compete for influence in the
third world?
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Intervening Around
the World
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Intervening around the World
44) What actions did the U.S. take in Iran to insure a friendly government?...
What was the outcome?...
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1953 - Iran • Iran nationalizes British oil
companies
• CIA overthrows the Iranian government
• The Shah is put in power & renegotiates oil contracts favorable to US
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1955The Formosa Resolution• Congress approves military
force to prevent the PR of China from taking Formosa
• The PRC stops efforts to take Formosa
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Intervening around the World
46) Why did Nasser nationalize the Suez Canal?...
- French, British & Israeli response...
- U.S. respond...
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1956 The Suez Crisis
• 1875- GB controls the SC
• 1956- Egypt nationalizes the SC
• 1956 - GB, FR & IS invade Egypt
• US/ DDE condemns the action at the UN…Halts the crisis
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The Suez Canal
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1956 The Eisenhower Doctrine
• US fears Soviet influence in the Mid-E… (OIL, OIL,OIL!)
• The US will support Mid-E. countries threatened by communism
• 1958 – US thwarts Soviet take over in Lebanon
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Intervening around the World
47) Why did DDE oppose the Guzman administration in Guatemala? What actions
did the U.S. take there? Why type of government
was established in Guatemala?…
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The foundations of the Vietnam
conflict…#49
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First Indo-China War (1946-54)
The Viet Minh (Communists) are
fighting against French colonialism in Indo-
China.
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The Vietnam dilemma…
• HST had committed the US to defend freedom
• DDE feared “another Asian war”…
• The French request direct U.S. involvement
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DDE responds…
• DDE sends aid, military advisors & the CIA
• 1950-54 - US finances 75% of the French effort
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Dien Bien Phu• Last battle between the
French & the Viet Minh
• Human wave attacks
• French: 2,200 Dead/ Wounded
17,800 prisoners
• Viet Minh: 23,000 Dead
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Dien Bien Phu
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The results of Dien Bien Phu…
• Expelled France from Vietnam
• The 1954 Geneva Conference
–Divides Vietnam: 17th parallel
–NV - Viet Minh - Ho Chi Minh
–SV - Rep. of Vietnam - Ngo Dinh Diem
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1954 – S.E.A.T.O…
• US backed anti-communist alliance in Asia
• Members: US, Britain, France, Australia New Zealand Thailand, Philippines & Pakistan
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Domino Theory…
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“I can conceive of no greater tragedy than for the US to become engaged in an all out war in Indo-China”
- DD Eisenhower
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Vice President Nixon explains the Domino Theory…
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Intervening around the World
• 1959 - Cuba–Fidel Castro overthrows the
corrupt Cuban Dictator Fulgencio Batista
–Eisenhower authorized the training of Cuban nations who sought to overthrow Castro.
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Fulgencia
Batista
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Fidel Castro
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Ike’s Warning: The Military – Industrial
Complex
51) What did Eisenhower warn against in his farewell address?
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The “military industrial complex” speech...
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8y06NSBBRtY
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Ike’s Warning: The Military – Industrial Complex
“The potential for the disastrous rise of misplaced power exists and will persist. We must never let the weight of this combination endanger our liberties or democratic processes.”