http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2Bb8P7dfjVw

a) The use of kinetic theory to explain the different states of matter.

b) The particles of solids, liquids and gases have different amounts of energy.

c) Energy can be transferred usefully, stored, or dissipated, but cannot be created or destroyed.

d) When energy is transferred, only part of it may be usefully transferred; the rest is ‘wasted’.

From AQA specification for GCSE Science A June 2014

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Colour Bounce height Player levelDouble Yellow Dot Very Low Expert Yellow Dot Low Advanced White Dot Medium Intermediate Red Dot High Developing Blue Dot Very High Beginner

How to choose your squash ballsThe name "Squash" is derived from the squashable balls with which the sport is played. Squash balls vary considerable in terms of performance, catering for differing playing abilities to ensure a good balance between skill and fun whatever the standards of the players involved. The bounce height of the ball is the key difference between the balls. Beginners will find it easier to play with a ball with a higher bounce height, allowing more time to chase down the ball and return it, enabling them to enjoy longer rallies. More experienced players by contrast will prefer a lower bouncing ball as it requires a higher level of skill. The bounce height is indicated by an industry standard denoted by the colour of the dots on the ball.

The other main performance difference between the various squash balls on the market is in terms of the temperatures that the balls are designed to be able to withstand. Balls at the beginner end of the range will be easy to play with straight away without any drop in performance. However, a double yellow dot ball will have to be warm in order to prevent its bounce from fading. This can be achieved in a number of ways, and in play it is maintained by repeatedly striking the ball at a high intensity.

Background information

www.decathlon.co.uk/

Hypothesis: How high a ball bounces depends on the temperature of the ball.Investigate one possible method to investigate this hypothesis.Develop a detailed plan for this methodFill in the RESEARCH NOTES sheet (BOTH sides) and hand in to your teacher.

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Fill in both sides of the sheet. Make sure you SIGN the front page.

It is important you put as much detail as you can BUT do not write outside the boxes.

When you have finished, your teacher will check your notes and sign the front if everything is complete. If they are handed back to you unsigned, you MUST make the improvements before you start the next stage of the assessment.

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Find at least 2 sources. Look for descriptions of experiments that measure bounce height of a ball. Look for ideas of how to change and measure the temperature of a ball.

PLAN AHEAD! You have to squeeze FOUR lines of writing into a very small space! Draft it on another piece of paper first.

1. Select the most useful source and write down its Title and Author OR its Title and Web address.

2. Write WHY you thought this one was the most useful. It could be because it explains the theory clearly, or maybe it has a good circuit diagram, or the equipment is described in detail.

3. Choose ONE of your rejected sources and write down its Title and Author OR its Title and Web address.

4. Write WHY you rejected it.5. Show your draft to your teacher before you copy it onto the

Research Notes.

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How can squash players make sure the ball bounces as high as possible?

Explain in your own words.

Write a DRAFT first. Show it to your teacher before copying it onto your Research Notes sheet.

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HINT• Does the ball

temperature make a difference to the bounce?

• What should squash players do before the game starts?

• Why?• Use ideas about

energy and particles to explain in detail (check the sources—one of them has this information)

Hazard Risk Control

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How likely? Write low, medium or high risk.

AND

Possible outcome: how could somebody be HARMED?

How to reduce the risk.“Be careful” is NOT enough!

Name of the HAZARD, not just the object.

For example, water is not hazardous. Water on the floor is a hazard.

We recommend you use this table format, it saves a lot of space!Show your draft to your teacher before writing on the Research Notes sheet.

List every item You could draw a diagram to show how the

equipment is set up. Label it. Include the range and resolution of the measuring

instruments (you should have two different ones)

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PLAN AHEAD!

Variables MethodIndependent variable

Name AND how it will be measured AND the RANGE and INTERVAL of its values

Dependent variable

Name AND how you will measure it

Control variables

At least TWO RELEVANT ones named AND for EACH one, HOW it will be controlled: say what its VALUE will be when you keep it constant

1. Step by step instructions2. It is a good idea to number

the steps. 3. Make sure they are in a

logical order4. Write sentences. Capital

letters and full stops. 5. 6.

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Not enough space in the Method section?Put the Variables beside the Equipment list

In Paper 1, you need to be able to turn your notes into a clear, ordered Method.

You have limited space to write, so practise writing it on ONE side of A4 ONLY

Divide the space into sections and include all the details you have in your notes.

Use the Writing a Method Medal Sheet to help you.

Show your work to your teacher and make any changes they suggest.

THINK PINK FOR LITERACY – GO GREEN TO IMPROVE•Well done – in this task you have:

To GO GREEN! You should now:

Over to you – re-write the THINK PINK section correcting the highlighted errors.

My response is …

Strengths, weaknesses and next steps

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EK/RHS

Bronze

Can you •List the equipment you need, including at least one measuring instrument?•Name the independent variable and the dependent variable?•Give one way to make it a fair test?•State at least one safety precaution?•Describe what to do during the practical?

Silver

Can you•List all the apparatus, giving details of sizes or types? •Identify and give the range and intervals or values of the independent variable?•Identify and state how the dependent variable will be measured?•Name at least two control variables and say how they will be controlled?•Describe at least two hazards and link them to their control measures?•Describe the sequence of the practical work using correct English?

Gold

Can you•List all the apparatus, including the sizes or types and the range and/or precision of all measuring instruments?•Identify all relevant variables, stating how they will be measured and/or controlled?•Write a 3-part risk assessment, linking at least two hazards with their associated risks and control measures?•Describe the sequence of the practical work using almost faultless English?

Diamond

Can you explain•Your choice of key apparatus•How you selected the values of the independent variable•Why it is important to control extraneous variables?

Investigations: Writing a Method

This is what you need to doto get the full 9 marks in the Part 1 CAU exam

Part 1 is worth 20 marks, including your table. You are allowed to use your Research Notes during the exam.The exam is 45 minutesUse these resources to prepare for the exam:Controlled Assessment Review sheetPractice questions for paper 1Glossary of Terms powerpoint slidesMarvellous Methods Investigations: Writing a Method Medal Sheet

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Draw a blank table suitable for the method you have planned

It’s worth 2 marks Don’t forget to label each column clearly. Give details,

for example temperature of something, not just temperature. Write the UNITS

You MUST do this in EXAM CONDITIONS. Your teacher should be able to mark it straight away but they CANNOT tell you what is wrong with it!

Make sure you write your NAME and hand it in.

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Question 1 Research sources 3 marks

USE your Research Notes.•Identify two sources. •Say which one you found more useful and why. Say why the other was less useful.

Question 2 3 marks

USE your Research Notes•Identify sources of error in measurements

•Suggest how the effect of these errors could be reduced

Question 3 Plan 9 marks

USE your Research NotesUSE THE LAYOUT YOU PRACTISED

•Equipment list with details•Name the independent and dependent variables, giving details of how they will be measured and the range and interval of the IV.•Identify the control variables and say how they should be kept the same•Write instructions for the method in a logical order•Write a 3-part Risk Assessment (a table is best for this)•Spelling, punctuation and grammar MATTER for this question!

Question 4 3 marks Will ask about one of the Key Terms, for example anomalous results, Range, repeatability.

Make sure you know what the words on the glossary mean and can explain why they are important.

Question 5 Results table 2 marks

Your blank results table. This should have been done in a lesson. Make sure it is handed in.

If you did not do one earlier, draw it in the space below the question.

Total 20 marks

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You may work individually or in groups You will be asked to use the equipment and follow the method

provided (this might not be the same as your own plan). You should be given a photocopy of instructions to follow.

If you do not understand what to do, make sure you ask for help. You might be provided with a results table or the teacher can tell

you how to arrange it. TAKE PART! Make sure the teacher sees you taking some

measurements and taking care to keep the control variables the same.

Highlight or put your initials (with a key) on the results to show the measurements you made.

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Science A – PU1.4Bouncing Balls

Equipment1.You will need a computer with access to the school shared drive. Log on, then in the Start menu, click on the word ‘Computer’ under your name.2.Open the shared drive (S), then open Resources\ Science Transferred to VLE-Read only\Science programmes\Focus Educational Software\SC1\Sc1rw.exe3.Click Run4.Open Physics and click on Bouncing balls experiment

Method1.The experiment is set up on the left of the screen. Slide the margin to the right to remove the writing section.2.In the Options menu, select animation speed and slide it to slow. Click apply.3.Select your drop height by moving the slider on the left. Record this height.4.Select the ball temperature using the slider.5.Click the drop icon. Measure and record the height to which the ball bounces.6.Repeat steps 3 to 5 for different temperatures.

Controlled Assessment Method Sheet

This method could be used to investigate the following hypothesis:

How high a ball bounces depends on the temperature of the ball.

Range High School 34641

Temperature of the ball in °C

Height of bounce in cm

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KeyMeasurements I made myself are shown as

34641 Range High School

You MUST do this by yourself Remember to use SHARP PENCIL and RULER! Decide if it should be a bar chart or a line graph: If the

Independent Variable is categoric (labels), draw a BAR CHART

If the Independent Variable is continuous (measurements that can take any value), draw a LINE GRAPH

The graph is worth 4 marks. Remember to make the graph take up more than half the page.

Label both axes with the name and units. Accurate plotting of all points and a line of best fit are worth a mark each.

The teacher cannot help you.

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Bronze

Silver

Gold

Diamond

THINK PINK FOR LITERACY

In this task you should THINK PINK for:

Plotting graphs

Axis/axesIndependent variableDependent variableAccurateUnitsContinuous dataCategoric dataAnomalous

EK Range High School 2013 Version 2 30/9

Can you •Plot coordinates on a graph using a tiny x?•Plot three or more coordinates or bars to within 2mm (the smallest square on the paper)?•Do you always use a sharp pencil and ruler?

Can you•Choose the correct variable for each axis?•Label BOTH axes clearly with the NAME of the variable and the UNITS it is measured in, or label each bar on a bar chart?

Can you•Choose a sensible scale for both axes so that the graph covers more than half the page?• Plot ⅘ of the points (or rule the tops of the bars) accurately, to within 1mm (half the smallest square on the paper)?•Draw bars on a bar chart equal widths, with a gap between each one?

Can you •Choose an appropriate graph for the data, giving a reason for your choice?•Plot ALL the points (or rule the tops of the bars) accurately, to within 1mm (half the smallest square on the paper)?•Draw a line of best fit, or explain why it is not appropriate?•Circle anomalous points?

Correct use of unitsCorrect spellingLegible handwriting, especially numbers

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You will have your Research notes, table and graph with you.

There will be Secondary Data sheets for use with some questions.

Use these resources to prepare for the exam:

Controlled Assessment Review sheet

Practice questions for paper 2 Model answers matching Glossary of Terms powerpoint

slides

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You will be required to:Analyse your own resultsDraw a conclusionMatch your results to the hypothesisEvaluate the method and quality of dataAnalyse further secondary dataReport your findings in the context set.

Question 1 Your investigation 15 marks

USE your Research Notes, Results and Graph

Asks about your own results and how they relate to some of the Key Terms, for example:

• Identify IV, DV and one Control Variable• Were variables continuous or categoric?

Explain• State range or interval of IV and explain

whether it was suitable. Examples from results

• Do your results support the hypothesis? Describe pattern. Examples from results

• Repeated readings. Why you did or did not repeat. (eg Random or systematic errors; anomalous results)

• Calculating a mean. Rule for number of decimals in mean (same as measurements).

• Results from other people: reasons why they might they be different from yours

Make sure you know what the words on the Glossary of Terms mean and can explain why they are important.

Question 2 Secondary Data 8 marks

a) Sketch graph. Rule 2 axes. Label both axes but NO numbers. SHAPE of line only, NO points plotted.

b) Comment on something about the data in one of the Case Studies, eg what they should have done with anomalies or when calculating and recording the means.

c) Case studies 1, 2, 3. Explain whether each one supports the hypothesis (one does, one does but has some kind of error, one doesn’t because it has a different IV) Write about ALL of them, IDENTIFY each one clearly.

d) Case study 4. Conclusion about data.

Question 3 Context 3 marks

USE your Research Notes.

Explain how your investigation could be useful in context given.

Question 4 Graph 4 marks

You should have already done this. Check it is ready to hand in: labels AND units on BOTH axes. ALL points accurate. LoBF RULED line or SMOOTH curve as appropriate.

Total 30 marks

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