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http://www.ptcri.ox.ac.uk [email protected]
A Laser Afternoon:Introduction
Ken PeachParticle Therapy Cancer Research Institute (Oxford Martin School)
&John Adams Institute for Accelerator Science, University of Oxford
Imperial CollegeDecember 13th 2012
The tax mans taken all my dough,And left me in my stately home,Lazing on a sunny afternoon.
Ray Davis (The Kinks) “Sunny Afternoon”
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Ken Peach A Laser Afternoon: Introduction Imperial College, December 13th 2012 2
Outline
• What is needed?• Where could we help?• What should we do?
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Ken Peach A Laser Afternoon: Introduction Imperial College, December 13th 2012 3
WHAT IS NEEDED?
Therapy
Radiobiology
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100
80
60
40
20
50 100 150
SOBP
Pristine peak
Depth (mm)
Do
se (
%)
tumour
Depth Dose curves – photon and proton
MV x-rays
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Relative Biological Effectiveness (RBE) & Linear Energy Transfer (LET)
• LET is related to dE/dx (Bethe Bloch)
but is the energy transferred to the medium,
not the energy lost by the particle
test
rayx
DOSE
DOSERBE
dx
dELET dtransferre
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RBE
• The recommended value of RBE for protons is 1.1
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photon & proton irradiation
Averaged survival fractions over 3 repeated experiments.
23/Jan/2012 PTCRi Meeting 7
After AI Nagano (PTCRi, private communication)
Dose (Gy)
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Therapy Parameters: Energy30 cm
thickn
ess of h
um
an b
od
yRadiography300 MeV (p)550 MeV/u (C)
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Summary of Therapy Requirements
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Summary of Radiobiology Desiderata
• Energy reach – Protons, helium, lithium, carbon, oxygen
• to at least 10-100 mm• 20-120 MeV (p)• 60-220 MeV/u (C)
– Study mouse models in and away from the Bragg peak• Cell studies
– Probably down to a few MeV/u
• Flux– From single particle to >2 Gy/min
• Field– Micro- or Nano-beam to 100 x 100 mm2
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Requirements for both
• Desired energy – energy within 1% of specification
• Small distribution of energy– s ~1%
• Desired flux– High flux – 1%– Single particle
• Precise transverse position– <0.5mm– ~microns (single particle)
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c.f. characteristics of a LEIR Radiobiology facility
• Energy reach – Fully stripped 12C or 16O up to 240 MeV/u– 430 MeV/u (magnet limit) with new PS
• Possible beam lines– Horizontal (full energy)– Vertical (limited energy ~100 MeV/u)
• Large Hall – Currently used for storage– Space for radio biology laboratories
• Status: under consideration– Feasability study in progress– Funding?
• EU? Funding Agencies? Special budget?
Species C N O Ne
Intensity 1.4 109 0.4 109 1.1 109 0.25 109
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WHERE COULD WE HELP?
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A Compact Laser-Plasma Ion Source
• For radiobiology (see above)– Rapid change of ion species
• “Small” footprint– (shielding!)
• (few square metres)
• Low(ish) cost– Not defined, but “less than millions”
• For therapy– Use and an injector to a post-accelerator
• FFAG-like (accelerate a spectrum)
• Later (20-30) years?– Full therapy system
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SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION
Develop a simple plasma-driven ion source?
reliable, reproducible, flexible, “cheap”
Radiobiology
easier than therapy as a first phase
Therapy injector
useful as a second phase
Therapy
eventually aim for a compact CPT facility
Is there a possible funding source?