http://20website/mission%20and%20ministry/mission/8271%20steam%20and%20sa nd.jpg
TRANSCRIPT
Distribution of MDCs and LDCs
http://www.durham.anglican.org/userfiles/image/Durham%20Website/Mission%20and%20Ministry/Mission/8271%20steam%20and%20sand.jpg
Regions of Development
Nine major regions North America,
Europe (MDCs) Latin America, East
Asia, S.W. Asia/North Africa, S.E. Asia, Central Asia, South Asia, Sub-Saharan Africa (LDCs)
Three ‘significant areas’ Japan, Oceania,
Russia
http://www.usp.org/sites/default/files/images/aroundTheWorld/RegionalActivities/
regional_activities_map_en.jpg
More Developed Regions
Nearly all developed regions are found north of 30 degrees N. latitude (north-south split)
MDCs in the north have relatively high HDIs
Southern countries have lower HDIs
http://school.edturtle.co.uk/images/north-south_800.jpg
South Africa is #123 in HDI (0.619)…why is it considered an MDC on this map?
More Developed cont’d
North America (HDI 0.95) U.S. – 13th in HDI
worldwide High in GDP Per
Capita and literacy rate
Lower in education and life expectancy▪ High school dropouts▪ Inadequate health-
care coverage
http://communitylink.com/us/nc/raleigh/profile/media/images/education.jpg
More Developed cont’d
Europe (HDI 0.93) European Union
makes Europe the world’s richest market
15 of the 19 highest HDIs are in Europe, but southern/eastern countries lag behind▪ Highly dependent on
international trade▪ Struggling recently with
recession and financial instability
http://www.anunews.net/blog/wp-content/uploads/2011/12/aa-European-debt-crisis-dominoes-falling-
good-one.jpg
More Developed cont’d
Russia (HDI 0.73) Transitioned to a
market economy after Soviet Union collapsed in 1991
Painful struggle with high unemployment and corruption (HDI was above 0.9 in 1980s)
Slow rebound tied to oil production
http://www.etftrends.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/08/russia_01.jpg
More Developed cont’d
Japan (HDI 0.96) Different culture than
other MDCs Low ratio of population to
resources Strength: rigorous
education system, skilled labor force
Specialty: electronics, cars Oceania (HDI 0.90)
Australia and New Zealand (other islands lag behind)
Key exports: iron ore, lead, nickel, titanium
http://www.asianresearch.org/news_images/2003-10-9-japan_students.jpg
Less Developed Regions
Latin America (HDI 0.82) Highest HDI of LDC
regions Development levels
vary sharply▪ Coastal areas have
high GDP per capita▪ Development lags in
the interior areas▪ Economy is closely
linked to the U.S. (especially Mexico)
http://media.cnbc.com/i/CNBC/Sections/News_And_Analysis/_Blogs/Consumer_Nation/_Slideshows/
HottestRetailMarkets_2011/CNBC_attractive_countries_retail_2011_peru.jpg
Less Developed cont’d
East Asia (HDI 0.77) Main player: China
(2nd largest economy)
World’s largest manufacturer (tied closely to Wal-Mart)
Problems:▪ Low wages▪ Weak management▪ Primitive banking
system▪ High levels of
pollution
http://www.giftsanddec.com/photo/383/383839-Wal_Mart_China.jpg
Less Developed cont’d
S.W. Asia/N. Africa Key: Oil reserves Huge gap between oil
producing and non-producing countries
Impact of Islamic faith:▪ Daily prayers disrupt
business activities▪ Women excluded from
jobs and public places▪ Result: development is
lower than it could be
http://www.makkahmasjid.co.uk/coppermine/albums/Makkah_Masjid_Album1/P1010011.jpg
Less Developed cont’d
Southeast Asia (HDI 0.73) Indonesia, Vietnam,
Thailand, Philippines Climate is hot and
rainy (difficult for farming)
1930s-1980s: nearly continuous warfare
Key exports: palm oil, rubber, tin, rice, textiles
http://www.greenpeace.org/usa/Global/usa/planet3/photos-forests/palm-fruit.jpg
Less Developed cont’d
Central Asia (HDI 0.75) Many former republics of
the Soviet Union Iran and Kazakhstan are
fairly well-developed (reason: oil production)
Iran has used wealth to promote revolution, drive out western influences
Afghanistan: HDI unknown (war and instability)
http://i.telegraph.co.uk/multimedia/archive/02100/iran-oil_2100448b.jpg
Less Developed cont’d
South Asia (HDI 0.61) India, Pakistan,
Bangladesh, Sri Lanka 2nd highest population,
2nd lowest GDP per capita
Big beneficiary of the Green Revolution ▪ India now has 4th largest
economy▪ Leading exporter of rice,
wheat, services (telemarketing)
http://images.teamsugar.com/files/upl1/19/193328/40_2008/Indian-Call-Centers.jpg
Less Developed cont’d
Sub-Saharan Africa (HDI 0.51) High levels of poverty,
poor health, low education levels, war, instability
Landlocked states are most vulnerable
#1 problem – entire region has dry or tropical climates▪ Cannot support large
concentrations of people▪ Africa – world’s highest
natural increase rate
http://static.guim.co.uk/Guardian/travel/gallery/2007/aug/21/africa/BN17748_4a-1122.jpg