how to value ecosystem goods and services in agriculture at increasing land use pressure ? ...
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How to value ecosystem goods and services in agriculture at increasing land use pressure ? Katarina Hedlund Lund university, Sweden . Proyeksi Guna-Lahan. Production of goods is increasing Food, biofuels, timber, water use Natural habitats are declining Mitigating climate change - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
How to value ecosystem goods and services
in agriculture at increasing land use pressure ?
Katarina Hedlund Lund university, Sweden
Proyeksi Guna-Lahan1. Production of goods is increasing
Food, biofuels, timber, water use
2. Natural habitats are declining
3. Mitigating climate changeIncreased pressure on land for production
of biomass
EU biofuel strategy 2006 1% (produced in EU)2010 6% 10% of total area2020 10% 43% of total area
Guna-lahan Pertanian
Nowicki 2006
Current land use in Europe
Land use in EU-27
arable landpermanent pasturespermanent cropsforestsother areas
Eurostat 2008
Biofuel production
Agriculture Natural grasslands
Land use demands
Extensive agriculture, Dehesas in Spain
How do we conserve ecosystem services and biodiversity ?
Agri-environmental schemes:
Extensification
Protected areas
Heterogeneity in landscapes
EU common agricultural policy CAP
• Implemented nationally as rural development plans with additional national funding
• CAP (12 000 million €/yr), 47% of EU budget• Farming is 5% of European economy• CAP subsidies
– Area based income support– Rural development actions– Agri-environmental schemes
Jasa-jasa ekosistem terancam oleh Pertanian Intensif
1. Musuh alami2. Pollination3. Resistance to
pests & invasive species
4. Siklus Hara5. Terensi Air6. Retensi Carbon
Intensification and above ground services
• Increased heterogeneity may give higher diversity
• Effect is scale dependent
• Not true for all species
Tscharnkte et al. 2007
Soil ecosystem services
• Nutrient cyclingN, P retention and availability to plants• Water retentionAggregate structure, organic matter• Carbon retentionFuels microbial activity, mitigates climate change
Soil ecosystem services-the ”workers”
Soil services
Reduced under intensive management
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
bacterial biomass AM-fungi fungi
grasslandfield
Hedlund 2002
SOILSERVICEConflicting demands of land use:
Soil biodiversity and the sustainable delivery of ecosystem goods and services in Europe
http://www.kem.ekol.lu.se/soilservice/index.html
• value soil ecosystem services.• predict sustainability of ecosystem
services, by field and modelling studies.
• Build scenarios to identify economical and social drivers of land use
Biofuel production
Agriculture Natural grasslands
Land use demands Soil carbonNutrientsNatural enemiesPollination
Valuasi Jasa-jasa Ekologis
Market values of ecological services:prevention of pests - natural enemiespollinationwater retentionnutrient retention
Non market values:recreationlandscapes
Markanday et al 2008
Valuasi Ekonomi merupakan pendekatan yang dinamis
Jasa-jasa Ekosistem dalam Pertanian:1. Dynamic network of interacting
organisms2. Responding to changes in land use3. Depending on spatial and temporal
scales
JASA-JASA TANAH
Economic modelsimulated landscapespredicts regional land
use (20 yrs)
Ecological modelfarmers scale
predicts output of ecosystem services
Values of servicesfor farmer and society
Predictions on sustainabilityFeed back to policymakers
AgriPoliS Agent-based model of regional structural change
over time and space
Actions
Interactions
Farms
Factor endowment
Agricultural Policy Simulator (Happe 2004, Brady et al 2007)
Institute of Agricultural Development in Central and Eastern Europe (IAMO), Halle, Germany
Driver untuk AgriPoliS
Eksogen:1. Prices of
inputs/outputs2. Wage and
interest rates3. Agricultural
policy4. Climate5. Technology
Endogen:1. Land market2. Regional markets3. Input & output
levels4. Land use5. Landscape impacts6. ES production
Output from AgriPoliS• Farm structure
– Average farm size– Number of farms– Distribution of farm type
• Land use– Composition of crops– Distribution of field size– Landscape mosaic
• Econ. Performance– Land rents by soil type– Farm income – Farm profit – Investment activity– Returns to labour
• Livestock– Numbers of livestock– Animal density
Landscape impacts – Land use & field size
(b) Change in mean Field Size, Västerbotten
-30%
-20%
-10%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
IntensiveGrass
ExtensiveGrass
Arable Crops All Arable Semi-NatGrassland
AGENDA REFORM BOND
(b) Field type as proportion of landscape, Västerbotten
-100%
-50%
0%
50%
100%
150%
200%
250%
Intensive Grass Extensive Grass Arable Crops Semi-NatGrassland
AGENDA REFORM BOND
Land use data (GIS based)Southern Sweden
Cereal production Grasslands