how to quote citations

8/4/2019 How to Quote Citations

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How To Quote A Guide to CitationsByJames Patrickhttp://hubpages.com/hub/How-To-Quote-A-Guide-to-Citations

Overview

A creator of a text or document will use a citation to demonstrate that the information

presented is credible. Citations are also important for giving due credit to the ideas of others.

They are therefore a critical aspect of academic and scholarly work and are used whenever

a writer wishes their ideas to be taken seriously.

Any time information is gathered from a source and presented in the text of a document (be

it print or electronic), the author must cite the origin of that information. The clearest methodof referencing and citing a source is done by placing the pertinent information in quotations

within the context of the document.

These examples are only meant to give a basic overview of when and how to cite a source in

a written work. More information will be added soon on other pages regarding a discussion

of styles (such as APA and MLA), and citing web pages.

Seeonline resources.

Basic Examples

Provided are examples that show how to reference a book in a research paper. Please keep

in mind that the information presented here is fictional and provided for use as examples.

Imagine you are writing a report on diets. You have a book by John Smith, MD called Cut the

Fat: American Successes at Losing Weight. On page five, Dr. Smith writes, "Chances are,

every American has known someone who can be described as physically overweight.

According to the latest research, at least 40% of Americans have weight problems during

their lifetime and 50% of them seek medical help."

You want your first paragraph to introduce the American weight problem. You could write:
http://hubpages.com/profile/James+Patrickhttp://hubpages.com/profile/James+Patrickhttp://hubpages.com/hub/How-To-Quote-A-Guide-to-Citationshttp://hubpages.com/hub/How-to-Quote---Online-and-Print-Referenceshttp://hubpages.com/hub/How-to-Quote---Online-and-Print-Referenceshttp://hubpages.com/profile/James+Patrickhttp://hubpages.com/hub/How-To-Quote-A-Guide-to-Citationshttp://hubpages.com/hub/How-to-Quote---Online-and-Print-References


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The source is cited in that the reader knows that the assertion "Many Americans are

overweight" is backed up by a credible source (someone with a MD is reliably credible). Also,

the name of the author and book are provided and the appropriated text is presented in

quotations marks to show that that portion of the text is from a different source.

Let's tinker a bit and add what is called a parenthetical citation:

Notice that the book title, author, and page number were taken out of the text. This is okay

because by adding the parenthetical documentation at the end of the quote, the author and

page number are provided.

Assuming that you have more than one source for this paper, there will be a list of references

(commonly called a Works Cited page) at the end of the document that list, in alphabetical

order, the author's full name, full title of the book, date published, and other publication

information is provided so the curious reader may refer to that book on her own. This

reference may look similar to this:

All works cited in the text of the document must have a reference at the end of the paper.

When referencing a whole book, page numbers are generally not needed and are only

necessary near the quoted or paraphrased information in the text in order to show the reader

precisely which page the information appeared on.


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There is enough information about the source given contextually, or in the text in the first

example to steer the reader to the correct Works Cited listing and no parenthetical

documentation is needed.

In the next example the author's name has been reintroduced into the text. It is therefore

only necessary to provide the page number parenthetically.

When taking information from a source an adding it into your own text, you may find that you

only need phrases:

It is also possible to paraphrase, or summarize, the information, thereby making quotes

unnecessary:

Although quotes are not used here, it remains especially important to provide a reference so

that the reader does not have to wonder how the author knew that bit of information.

Basic Tips

Such "borrowed" information should be used to further the writer's own argument and

should be presented in context.

The information appropriated or "borrowed" from an outside source should be

seamlessly placed within the context of the text.

The writer should take care to present the "borrowed" ideas as the original author

intended. They should not be taken out of context or misconstrued to meet the writer's

needs.

It is important to provide as much information about the source as necessary in the

citation.


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http://psychology.about.com/b/2010/11/03/how-to-cite-an-online-article-with-no-

date.htm

According to the official APA style website, the correct way to do this is to include the notation"n.d." for no date. For example, you would cite an article from this website as follows:

Cherry, K. (n.d.). How to become a psychologist. About.com. Retrieved fromhttp://psychology.about.com/od/careersinpsychology/ss/become-a-psychologist.htm

http://www.apastyle.org/learn/faqs/cite-website-material.aspx

How do you cite website material that has no author, noyear, and no page numbers?

Because the material does not include page numbers, you can include any of the following in the text to cite

the quotation (from pp. 170171 of the Publication Manual):

A paragraph number, if provided; alternatively, you could count paragraphs down from the

beginning of the document.

An overarching heading plus a paragraph number within that section.

A short title in quotation marks, in cases in which the heading is too unwieldy to cite in full.

Because there is no date and no author, your text citation would include the title (or short title) "n.d." for no

date, and paragraph number (e.g., "Heuristic," n.d., para. 1). The entry in the reference list might look

something like this:

Heuristic. (n.d.). In Merriam-Websters online dictionary(11th ed.). Retrieved from http://www.m-

w.com/dictionary/heuristic

(adapted from the sixth edition of the APAPublication Manual, 2010)

Author*. Title of Page. Title of Website. URL (Date you visited the site).

Harvard referencing: http://www.unisa.edu.au/celusa/library/harvard_referencing.pdf

source:http://www.ehow.com/how_8491917_cite-speech.html#ixzz1SO6gQsVdIncluding citations in a speech helps to lend credibility and authority to the statements youare making. Citing sources also helps to avoid plagiarism or the misquoting of a respectablebook, author, or scholarly journal. As a general rule, all sources that would otherwisedeserve credit in a written paper or other document should be cited in your speech,regardless of whether you are quoting the source directly or paraphrasing the source. When
http://psychology.about.com/b/2010/11/03/how-to-cite-an-online-article-with-no-date.htmhttp://psychology.about.com/b/2010/11/03/how-to-cite-an-online-article-with-no-date.htmhttp://www.apastyle.org/learn/faqs/cite-website-material.aspxhttp://www.apastyle.org/manual/index.aspxhttp://www.apastyle.org/manual/index.aspxhttp://www.apastyle.org/manual/index.aspxhttp://www.unisa.edu.au/celusa/library/harvard_referencing.pdfhttp://www.ehow.com/how_8491917_cite-speech.html#ixzz1SO6gQsVdhttp://psychology.about.com/b/2010/11/03/how-to-cite-an-online-article-with-no-date.htmhttp://psychology.about.com/b/2010/11/03/how-to-cite-an-online-article-with-no-date.htmhttp://www.apastyle.org/learn/faqs/cite-website-material.aspxhttp://www.apastyle.org/manual/index.aspxhttp://www.unisa.edu.au/celusa/library/harvard_referencing.pdfhttp://www.ehow.com/how_8491917_cite-speech.html#ixzz1SO6gQsVd


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citing a source in a speech, you must be sure to give your audience enough information sothat they may further their own independent research by including such information asauthors, dates, and titles.

Difficulty:

Easy

Instructions1.

o 1Acknowledge any person to whom direct quotations are attributed. For example, a quote byastronomer Carl Sagan might be cited with a sentence such as "As Carl Sagan puts it..." or"To quote Carl Sagan..."

o 2Include the title and date of magazines and other periodicals from which information wasculled. For example, an article in "Popular Science Magazine" published on May 26, 2011might be cited in speech by saying "In the May 26, 2011 issue of Popular ScienceMagazine ..."

o 3Include the title and author of a book. For example, a quote from "Cosmos" by Carl Saganmight be cited by saying "According to Carl Sagan in his work, 'Cosmos'..."

o 4Include the title, date, and author of journals. For example, Carl Sagan's 1996 article "Does

Truth Matter?" published in "Skeptical Inquirer" might be cited by saying "Carl Sagan writesin the March 1996 issue of 'Skeptical Inquirer'..."

o 5Acknowledge the title of an organization's website, rather than the URL of the website itself.For example, information about the Carl Sagan Discover Center quoted from The Carl SaganFoundation website might be cited by noting "The Carl Sagan Foundation website includesinformation about the Carl Sagan Discover Center such as..."

o 6State the title and date of online news magazines, rather than their entire URL. For example,

a news article found at MSNBC's website published on May 26, 2011 might be cited bysaying "MSNBC stated on its website on May 26, 2011 ..."

o 7Address the name and credentials of an interview source, notes from a lecturer, or othersource acquired through personal communication. For example, an interview with CarlSagan might be cited in a speech about alien life by saying "Carl Sagan, noted astronomer


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and cosmologist, had this to say about the possibility of alien life..." or "According to notedastronomer and cosmologist Carl Sagan..."

Read more: How to Cite in a Speech | eHow.com
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