how to implement the urban waste water directive - presentation given in montenegro

DGALN - Direction de l'Eau et

de la Biodiversité

1

Council Directive 91/271/EEC of 21 May 1991 concerning urban waste-

water treatment

WWW.developpement-durable.gouv.fr

How to implement

the UWWTD

The French approach

Bruno RAKEDJIAN

French Ministry of ecology

Montenegro – November 2012

Ministry of Ecology, Sustainable developpment and energy

2 Workshop on the Implementation of the Drinking Water and Wastewater Directives in Montenegro November 2012

The French situation

facts and figures

The first step to know what to do


French sensitive areas in 2011

3/4 of France

1994 first identification → 1998

1999 first review → 2006

2006 second review → 2013

2010 third review → 2017

2013


Chrorophyl a in Europe and Montenegro

31 may 2008

Europe

Montenegro


Population and sanitation in 2011

65 millions inhabitants

about 55 millions inhabitants with UWWTP and collecting system

between 8 and 10 millions inhabitants with individual sanitation (4 to 5 millions)

19 600 agglomerations (3 300 agglomerations >= 2000 pe)

19 600 UWWTPs

In 2009, 31 000 local services about water supply (14000) and sanitation (17000)

76 millions p.e generated (69 millions p.e >= 2000 Eh), maximum week (45 millions pe average day)

97 millions p.e capacity

5 billions m3 wasterwater produced each year (130 m3/s)

Each inhabitant has a drinking water consumption of 150 l/d


épandage direct compostage produit compostage déchet incinération décharge autre

0

50000

100000

150000

200000

250000

300000

350000

400000

450000

répartition en 2011 des boues de traitement des eaux usées évacuées

Tonnes de matières sèches par an

Quantity and destination of sludge

1 050 000 t(solids)/year in 2011

• 74 % soil agriculture (with sludge compost) (60% in

2006)

• 5 % landfill (20% in 2006)

• 20 % incineration

Quantity and destination of sludge in 2011

soil agriculture

landfill sludge compost waste

other sludge compost as product

incineration


<= 200

5801

30%

200-500

4091

21%

500-1000

3169

16%

1000-2000

2562

13%

2000-10000

2716

14%

10000-100000

1116

6%

>=100000

134

1%

capacité des STEU en France en 2011

Number of UWWTPs and capacity

End 2011

80% UWWTP < 2000 p.e.

30% UWWTP < 200 p.e

Nbr of UWWTPs for each capacity in France in 2011


<= 200411

1%

200-5008251%

500-100012432%

1000-200021593%

2000-100009539

12%

10000-1000002705235%

<=1000003637447%

Charge reçues par les STEU en France en 2011 en milliers d'Eh

Size of UWWTPs and capacity

UWWTPs< 2000 p.e.

receive

7% of the pollution

UWWTPs< 500 p.e.

receive

2% of the pollution

Small UWWTPs

don't contribute a lot to

the national emissions

but can create a local

problem in a small river

bassin

Load entering UWWTP in France


Type of treatment for UWWTP > 2000 p.e.

83% of the

UWWTP > 2000 p.e.

have a more

stringent treatment

Type of treatment for UWWTP > 2000 Eh - 2011

More stringent 83%

Secondary 16%

Primary 1%

More Stringent treatment 83 % :

Nitrogen removal 77 %

Phosphorus removal 50%


Type of treatment in Europe in 2010

http://www.eea.europa.eu/themes/water/interactive/soe-wfd/urban-waste-water-treatment-directive-viewer

More stringent treatment Secondary treatment
















Agglos < 2000 Eh Agglos >= 2 000 Eh et < 10 000 Eh Agglos >= 10 000 Eh

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

16000

TYPE DE FILIERE SELON LA TAILLE DE L'AGGLOMERATION

cultures mixtes

biroéacteurs à membranes

traitement physico-chimique et

décantation

biofiltres

Filtre à sables

boue activée moyenne et forte

charge

disques biologiques

lits bactériens

filtre planté

lagunage

boue activée aération

prolongée

Type of waste water treatment in France in 2010

Extended aeration Activated sludges

Rotating biological Contactors

Constructed Wetlands (reed bed filters) 80% of the new small UWWTP in 2010

Trickling filters

Lagoons


Situation of UWWTPs in 2006

20% of UWWTP not compliant with the UWWTD.


Situation of UWWTPs in 2010 and 2011

• 8% of UWWTPs not compliant at the end of 2010 (3% new not-compliant UWWTPs since 2007) • 6% of UWWTPs not compliant at the end of 2011 (4% new not-compliant UWWTPs) • Life of a treatment plant is between 30 and 40 years. • 3% of the UWWTPs have to be rebuilt


FRANCE 2006 (estimation)

BOD5 : 90 % COD : 85 %

Phosphorus : 60 % Totalnitrogen : 40 %

Kjeldahlnitrogen : 60 %

FRANCE 2010 ( Current measurement) SS : 93%

BOD5 : 94 % COD : 89 %



FRANCE 2012 (forecast) BOD5 : 96 % COD : 92 %



Performance of UWWTPs

An extended aeration activated sludge UWWTP can reach :

BOD5 : 97 %

COD : 92 %

Phosphorus (normal biological removal) : 40

% Phosphorus (boosted biological removal) : 60%

Phosphorus (chemical removal) : 80-95 %

Totalnitrogen : 80-90 %

Kjeldahlnitrogen : 90-95 %


Performance of UWWTPs technologies (6175 UWWTPs)

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UT

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FIL

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– 4

9

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38

2

20,00%

30,00%

40,00%

50,00%

60,00%

70,00%

80,00%

90,00%

100,00%

Performances des filières de traitement des eaux usées

calcul effectué sur 6175 station

Rdt MES

Rdt DCO

Rdt DBO5

Rdt NGL

Rdt NTK

Rdt Pt

FILIERES

RE

ND

EM

EN

TS

Mem

bra

ne b

iore

acto

rs

E

xte

nded a

era

tio

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activate

d s

ludges

Pri

mary

cla

rifiers

Rota

ted

bio

logic

al

Conta

cto

rs

Sa

nd

filt

er

Sand

filt

ers

Reed b

ed

filt

ers

Aera

ted

lagoons

lagoons

Tricklin

g F

ilters

MB

BR

O

ther

activate

d

slu

dges

Bio

logic

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All

UW

WT

Ps


Cost of the UWWTD Investment and operating costs 1990 – 2010 (Statistic service of ministry of ecology)

Forecast 2011-2020

Collective sanitation Invst

Forecast Investment

Forecast Individual sanitation Invst.

Forecast operating cost

Ind. sanitation Invst.

UWWTP Invst.

Forecast UWWTP Invst.

Operating Cost

Collection Invst.

Forecast collection Invst.

New individual sanitation regulation

http://www.statistiques.developpement-durable.gouv.fr/publications/c/references.html





Cost of the French sanitation system

• Since 2006, each year 150 more than 2000 p.e UWWTPs have been rebuilt. Normal renewal is between 100 and 120. Investment of 75 billion euros on collective sanitation (treatment and collection) from 1990 to the end of 2011. Cost in 1994 was estimated to 16 billion euros. Annual operating cost of the sanitation system (collection

and treatment) represents 6,6 billion euros (with depreciation costs) and will reach more than 7 billion euros in a few years. • One euro in a UWWTP needs between three and four euros in a collecting system.


Asset of French sanitation system

Between 160 and 200 billion euros 30 billion euros related to UWWTPs (300 euros/pe, 100 million p.e) 90 billion euros related to collecting systems (300 euros/km, 300 000 km) • 15 billion euros related to connection to collecting system by households (1000 euros/connection, 15 million houses) • 30 billion euros relatedt to individual sanitation systems (7500 euros per device, 4 million houses)

An investment of 3 000 euros for each citizen every 40 years


Cost of French sanitation system

Water price (drinking water and sanitation) : 3.6 euros/m3 in 2009 (including VAT)

• For a year consumption of 120 m3 in a French family, it represents 220 euros for drinking water and 200 euros for sanitation

1% of the average household incomes • The fixed part of water bill in 2009 : 45 euros http://www.onema.fr/IMG/pdf/SynthesesN4-BDEF.pdf

http://www.onema.fr/IMG/pdf/SynthesesN4-BDEF.pdf





40 years of investments

The Seine-Normandie sanitation history between 1950 and 2007

Capacity Nbr of UWWTPs


Results of UWWTD implementation

Improvment of rivers quality


Impact on rivers - BOD5

1990 2010

35% bad status 2% bad status


Europe rivers BOD5

Difference

between countries

http://www.eea.europa.eu/themes/water/interactive/water-live-maps/status-of-water-quality














16% bad status

Impact on rivers - orthosphates

1990 2010

60% bad status

(Ammonium 11% bad status) (Ammonium 43% bad status)


Europe rivers orthophosphate


Improvment of Seine river quality (orthophosphates)

After 20 years of sanitation investments

PARIS

upstream

PARIS

downstream

Half of the result : elimation of phosphorus in domestic detergents Half of the result : better treatment in UWWTPs


Improvment of Seine river estuary quality (ammonium)

After 40 years of sanitation investments


Improvment of Geneva Lake quality (phosphorus)

After 40 years of sanitation investment

CIPEL, phosphorus scoreboard 2011 http://www.cipel.org/

Half of the result : elimation of phosphorus in domestic detergents

Half of the result : better treatment in

UWWTPs


French way to implement the directive


How to fund a sanitation system


River basin agencies RBA (since 1964) Money

11,6 billions euros financial assistance (2007 – 2012) (60% sanitation, 11% drinking water, 10%

management of local policies) 13,3 billions euros financial assistance

(2013 – 2018) (50% sanitation)

UWWTPs Financial assistance between 30% and 45% of the

total amount Collecting systems

Financial assistance between 20 and 35% of the total amount

Origin of the RBA budget

(Exemple of RMC, 9th programme) • 70%households • 19% local authorities • 7% industries • 1% agriculture • 3% pesticides • 1% other

Sanitation tax to RBA on the water bill between 35

and 70 cents

Solidarity between urban and rural areas in the same river bassin


National office of water ONEMA (since 2008)

ONEMA tasks - financial solidarity to the benefit of Corsica and French outermost territories 20 millions euros financial support to investment each year - Knowledge and national data - Water Research

Budget comes from the 6 river bassin agencies 120 millions euros each year (from the water bill)


How to pay UWWTPs

Mainland France -river bassin agencies (30 to 45%) -regional and department local authorities (0 to 20%) -local authorities in charge of the project (20 to 70% included bank loans) Corsica -River bassin agency RMC (30%) -ONEMA (40%) -Local authorities (20%) -local authorities in charge of the project (10%) Outermost territories - ONEMA - FEDER (it depends from the territory) - French State - Local Water authority (water office) - Departmental authorities - local authorities in charge of the project Department and regional administrative level have budget issues. Sanitation financial support is going to disappear


2006 A new way to implement the

UWWTD directive


• 1991 : UWWTD was published

• 1994 and 1996 : first sanitation Ministerial Decree and Order were published

• 2004 : Creation of a national database

• September 2004 : France was sentenced by the court of Justice for the non-

compliance as regards 1998 deadline

• December 8, 2006 : implementation of coercive and financial measures, an

interministerial French circular was published

• June 22, 2007 : change in sanitation regulation. Issuance of a new Ministerial Order

• July 1, 2007 : recruitment of a project manager with a high expertise in the sanitation

field

• September 2007 : The Minister of Environment decided to put in place a national

sanitation action plan with indicators and the aim to be compliant before the end of

2011

• September 2011 : Minister of Environment decided to put in place a new sanitation

action plan with new indicators

Main dates


It's compulsory to have a more accurate database each year with information about the 19 600 agglomerations and UWWTPs

to understand better how the sanitation sytems work and to have accurate information about each UWWTP and collecting system,

to assess and disseminate data,

to manage the sanitation policy at each territorial level,

to feed the research sanitation policy with recent and complete data

----> it requires a lot of time and human ressources

Creation of a national database


Importance of data

It has taken France 4 years to have a reliable database and 10 years to build a complete data system about sanitation. More than 150 people feed this database Pressure is needed every day to be sure that the database is feeded. 3 persons at national level are necessary : a manager, a technician and a web-tool developper --- > It is now possible in Paris to know all about each

treatment plant and the river where it is discharged


The creation of a sanitation website

http://assainissement.developpement-durable.gouv.fr/

A reference to water stakeolders

(10 000 unique visitors per month).

A guaranty of transparency

The implementation of Aarhus convention

Time saved to answer to public

Disseminating data help to have more accurate data

Additional pressure on local authorities to have compliant sanitation systems (red and yellow points)

A place to find lot of information and news about sanitation. (regulation, action plans and incators, quality of rivers, sanitation tools...)






A collective work to implement the directive The policy is supported at the highest level of the State by the Ministers with

Sanitation reference persons at local level. They all have the same approach A close collaboration between local civil servants and representatives of river

basin agencies at local level to have the same speech to the communities. They all have to apply the 2006 circular :

Legal formal notices have to be taken by the Prefects (local State’s autorities) where the beginning and the end dates of the works are written. Criminal and financial sanctions can be applied if local autoroties don’t respect the deadlines

Criminal sanctions can be applied if there’s a water pollution,

Town planning can be blocked,

River basin agencies help local authorities but can reduce their financial support if

they do not respect their contract,

The prefects can be called by the first minister cabinet if they don’t want to apply

the measures of the action plan The project manager can help the local state's civil servants to do their job in case of

sanitation issues. He doesn't hesitate to go out into the field to meet local authorities


Result of the 2007-2011 sanitation action plan


Sanitation projects

France is concerned by 3 infringement procedures coming from the European commission about each deadline of the UWWTD (1998, 2000 and 2005)

• 1998-2110 (277 UWWTP not compliant as regards the 1998 deadline). All UWWTP are now compliant

• 2004-2032 (199 agglomerations) There is a referral to court 258 for not having respected the 2000 deadline. 4 agglomerations are still not compliant

•2009-2306 : France received a letter of formal notice 258 about 551 UWWTP for not having respected the 2005 deadline. At the end of this year only 60 UWWTP will stay not compliant thanks to the action plan adopted in 2007.

It requires between 3 and 5-6 year to make an agglomeration compliant when starting from the beginning of the procedure.

target concerning 2000 and 2005 deadlines: 100% compliance before the end of 2013


The new sanitation action plan 2012-2018

To be sure that sanitation systems reamain

compliant under the UWWTD during dry

and wet weather.

To make sanitation systems compliant with

the Water Framework Directive and other

directives (Bathing and Shellfish Waters...).

It's time to have small agglomerations (under 2000 p.e) compliant with all directives.


Action Plan 2008-2012 (74 priority UWWTPs concerned with litigation)


Action Plan 2012-2018 (2nd dashboard : 123 UWWTP)


Monitoring of treatment plants and collecting systems


European and national regulation Monitoring of treatment plants

UWWTD

National regulation : arrêté du 22 juin 2007


European and national regulation Monitoring of storm water overflows

UWWTD (not compulsory)

National regulation : arrêté du 22 juin 2007 Flow measuring system concerning biggest discharges (collecting system more than 10 000 p.e) Estimation of the flow concerning discharges (collecting system between 2 000 p.e and 10 000 p.e) One of the French aims is to gather information as regards the biggest systems at the end of 2013. French is late because priority was to be compliant with the UWWTD. Decreasing storm water overflows by wet weather is a priority of the new action plan

48

CONCLUSION

French approach can be used by different policies

at different administrative level

• Action plan with accurate aims

• Same approach from the national to the local level with a

collective work

• A project manager who is expert in the policy

• Coercive and financial measures implemented

• A reference person at each level

• Meetings on the ground organised with the project manager

• Reliable database and public communication

• Dashboards regularly updated

Don't have too short deadlines

In France 20 years to become compliant

49

CONCLUSION

Priorities have to be established to implement the

UWWTD directive

• First priority concerning agglomerations of more than 10 000 p.e

and all agglomerations with bathing waters

• Second priority agglomerations 2000 p.e. and more

• Third priority agglomerations of less than 2 000 p.e

Don't build oversized treatment plants if it is not possible to build

all the collecting system.

When a collecting system is built, a treatment plant has also to be

built because without it it will create a big impact on rivers.


Thank you for your attention

Bruno RAKEDJIAN Project manager in sanitation

Ministry of ecology – biodiversity and water department

[email protected]




