This banking application will enable customers to use the Web site of a bank to perform banking transactions online.

The banking application will have the following functionalities:

The application will enable a user to open an account with the bank. The application will enable an account holder of the bank to register

to use the application. The application will enable registered account holders to log on to the

banking web site after entering their login details.The banking application will enable the account holders to view their account details.The registered user also be able to modify any personal details such as address or phone number.

The application will also provide utilities such as an interest calculator and a foreign exchange calculator.

The application will also display the number of the hits on the banking web site.

The Functionality and Interaction of the Banking Application

Welcome Page

Home Page

Login Page Registration Page For Account Holder

Registration Page For Opening Account

Interest Calculator

Accepts Login Information

Accepts Register Information

Accepts Register Information

Valid Registratio

n Information

Valid Registratio

n Information

Account Details

Login PageUpdate Database

Display Error Message Display Error Message

Update database

Valid Login Info

The Welcome Page:

The Welcome page is the first page which will displayed to a user who visits the banking application site of Money Banks.The Welcome page will display a welcome message with the information about the company.

The page will also display a counter indicating the number of users who have visited the site.The Welcome page uses servlets to display the number of viewers who have visited the page.Since servlets have been used to create the Welcome page.

An Introduction to Servlets:

Servlets are Java programs that can be deployed on a Java-enabled Web server to enhance and extend the functionality of the server.

In addition to displaying dynamic pages, servlets can be used to process data at the server end. Transaction data can be processed either on client side or the server side. Client-side processing is performed on client browsers. Consider that you need to ensure that all the mandatory fields on the logon screen displayed to a user are filled. This can be done on the client side by using scripting languages, such as JavaScript. If the user has provided the required information, the logon information will be sent to the server. The verification of the logon information will be done at the server side.

The interaction between the server and a client

On the Web, a client, which is usually a browser, sends a request for a servlets to the server. The request is sent as an HTTP request that contains the URL of the servlet. The servlets on the server runs in response to an HTTP request.The servlets produces an HTML page that is returned to the client.

The interaction between the server and a client is illustrated in the follwing figure.

The Advantages of Servlets:

Servlets are loaded in the memory when they are executed for the first time. During subsequent requests, the servlets don’t need to be loaded again. This increases the efficiency of the server .In addition; servlets are executed within the address space of the Web server. Therefore, creating separate processes for handling different client requests is not required.

Since servlets are written in java, they are platform-independent.Several Web servers from different vendors support servlets API.Therefore, servlets programs can run on these servers without requiring recompilation.

Since servlets are written using java, all the features of Java library classes are available to them.They can use Java API for tasks such

Server Client

as networking and URL access, multithreading, database connectivity, internationalization, remote method invocation(RMI),and object serialization.

The GET and POST Methods:

When the client sends a request to the server, the client can also pass additional information with the URL to describe what exactly is required as output from the server by using the GET and POST methods.

The request from the client to the server contains the following information:

The protocol to be used for communication Whether the method GET or POST is to be used The URL of the requested document A query string that contains such as login and registration details

The difference between the GET and POST methods is that the information, if any, sent with the request to the server is visible on the browser while using the GET method. Therefore, sending requests to the server by using the GET method can be risky.

To overcome this disadvantage, you can use the POST method to send HTTP request to the server. The POST method sends the data as packets by using a separate socket connection. When data is transferred in the form of data packets, the data is hidden from the viewers. The disadvantage of POST method is that it is slower than the GET method.

Creating the Counter Servlet:

The first page of the online banking application at Money Banks displays the Welcome message to the viewers. A counter is also displayed indicating the number of viewers of this page.

The Welcome page is the first page to be displayed to a user who visits the banking application site of Money Banks. The Welcome page will display a welcome message with the information about the company.

The page will also display a counter indicating the number of users who have visited the site.The Welcome page uses servlets to display the number of viewers who have visited the page.Since servlets have been used to create the Welcome page.

An Introduction to JSP:

Java Server Pages (JSP) is a technology used to create dynamic content on the Web. With the spread of the Internet and increasing number of users registering with Web sites, the static pages developed using HTML have became obsolete. Consider an example. A Web site displays a Welcome message along with the name to the registered user when the user logs on. Imagine that a static HTML page is developed for each user. In this scenario, when a user logs on, the server looks for the HTML page of the user and sends the page back to the client. If there are thousands of users, the server will take considerable amount of time to search for a user’s HTML page. Therefore, the disadvantages are delay in sending the response; development time; and the increased probability of error. The solution lies in using a dynamic Web page.

The Differences between JSP and Servlet:

Any change required in presentation and business logic necessitates recompilation of servlets. This is because the servlets tie up both an HTML file for the static content and java code for the dynamic content, to handle presentation and business logic. On the other hand, JSP allows Java code to be embedded directly into an HTML page by using special tags. JSP files are automatically compiled and loaded onto the server. Therefore, any changes made to either presentation or business logic in a JSP is implemented automatically whenever the JSP page is loaded.

Servlet programming requires extensive coding. In addition, there is no scope of division of labour between designers of static content and developers of dynamic content during servlets development or servlet modification. However, a JSP page facilitates both Web developers and the Web designer to work independently since JSP enables separate placement of the static and dynamic content.

The Life Cycle of JSP:

When a client browser sends a request to the server, the server recognizes the request for JSP files by the file extension. The server compiles and converts the JSP page into a servlet class. The server calls a process called page compile to convert the JSP page into a servlet. The process creates a servlet class and builds a service () method by extracting contents of the .jsp file. All the HTML tags in the JSP page are wrapped in the print method or the output methods. The java code snippets between the JSP-specific tags in the .jsp file are copied into the servlet class. The JSP tags are ignored. The elements of the JSP file, HTML, and Java code appear in the servlet in the same order as they are in the JSP file. The servlet is then compiled and run. The servlet creates an HTTP response, which is sent to the client.

Writing a Java Program for Databases

Corresponding Servlet class exists

Compiles the Servlet class

Loads the Servlet class

Sends response to the browser

yesNoYes

ServerBrowser

HTTP Request for JSP

Under this chapter we are going to discuss about the procedure for creating a Java program that interacts with a database. For example there’s an account holders database that contains the details of account holders in Money bank. Now attempt to code a program that will display the details of account holders after accepting the register ID from the user. The steps to write such a program are given here:

1. Create the database and tables

2. Create the DSN

3. Load the driver

4. Establish database Connection

5. Execute SQL statements

6. Process the result

Creating the Database and Tables

The database that you need will store the details of the account holders. Therefore, you’ll name the database as AcHolder_Info table. The Design of the table is given here:

Account_No Text

Register_ID Text

Balance Text

Account_Type Text

Branch Text

I’ve created the database and the table in MS Access and I’ll use this table for database connectivity.

After creating the database, a DSN needs to be created.

Creating a DSN Source

The Data Source Name (DSN) contains information, such as the location of the database server, database name, user name, and password to be used to connect to the database server. The DSN also contains information about the log file name to be used to store lengthy queries and driver statistics.

You can create a DSN source by using the control panel. The steps to create the DSN source are given here:

1. Double –click the Administrative Tools icon in the Control Panel window.

2. In the Administrative Tools window, double-click the Data Sources (ODBC) icon.

3. The User DSN tab page of the ODBC Data Source Administrative dialog box is displayed. Click the Add button to create the DSN source.

4. The Create New Data Source dialog box is displayed. A list of drivers for which you can create a data source is displayed. Since you’ll use the Access driver, you need to select Microsoft Access Driver(.mdb) from the list.

5. The ODBC Microsoft Access Setup page is displayed. There you have to set your DSN name.

6. Then by clicking select button you can set your path.7. Click ok to finish the DSN setting.8. Click the finish button to finish the connectivity process.

Loading the Driver

Before you can connect to a database from a java program, you must load the database driver into the JVM. In a JDBC program, the JDBC driver is loaded by calling the forName() static method of the Class class. The forName () method takes one string parameter, which is the name of the driver along with its package. For JDBC-ODBC bridge, this string is

“sun.jdbc.odbc.JdbcOdbcDriver”. Therefore the command will look like this:

Class.forName (“sun.jdbc.odbc.JdbcOdbcDriver”);

The statement will load the JDBC-ODBC bridge driver. After loading the driver, you need to establish the database connection.

Establishing the Database Connection

You can establish a connection with a database by using the Connection object of the java.sql.Connection class. The Connection object represents a connection with a database. You can use the getConnection() method of the DriverManager class to establish a connection with a database. This method attempts to locate the driver that can connect to the database represented by the JDBC URL, which is passed to the getConnection() method. The JDBC URL is a string that provides a way of identifying a database. A JDBC URL consists of three parts:

<protocol>:<subprotocol>:<subname>

Here, the <protocol> attribute is always jdbc. The <subprotocol> attribute is the name of the database connectivity mechanism. If the mechanism is the JDBC-ODBC bridge, the <subprotocol> must be odbc. The subname identifies the database. You can connect to a database by executing the following statement:

Connection con=DriverManager.getConnection(“jdbc.odbc.DSNname”,””,””);

Notice that the last two arguments of the getConnection() method are blank. These arguments identify the username and the password to provide connectivity to the database.

Executing SQL Statements

You can use Statement object to perform queries with the database. The methods of the Statement objects allow you to execute simple queries. These methods are:

1. The executeQuery() method that executes a query and returns a ResultSet object.

2. The executeUpdate() method that executes an SQL INSERT,UPDATE, or a DELETE statement.

The createstatement() method of the Connection object is used to create a Statement object.

The Home Page: By clicking the HTML link in the Welcome Page “Click here to continue” we just connect to the Home Page. Like every Web site there is a home page, which is the central location where we can access other pages of the application.

Here, we get several links. Those are follows:

Current Accounts Savings Accounts Fixed Deposit Recurring Deposit Personal Loans Home Loans Consumer Loans Auto Loans Interest Calculator Foreign Exchange Rates Bank Branches Contact Us Log In Registration Page for Account Holder Registration Page for Non-Account Holder

The Output of the Home Page:

The registration Page for Account Holders:

Money Banks has many account holders. To enable these existing account holders to register with the online banking application, the development team decides to create a registration page. This registration page will enable the account holders to register after it has accepted and validated details such as account numbers and account types.

Registration Page for A/C Holder

The technologies used to create the registration page are:

Java Database Connectivity(JDBC)

Java Server Pages(JSP)

Registration Page For A/C Holder

Check Registratio

n

Display Error Message

Show Account Details

Update Database

Login Page

The output of HTML page:

The HTML page, with the details filled in by the user:

When the user clicks the Submit button the form is submitted to the JSP page and the information is transferred to the JSP page by using the POST method. The JSP page uses the JDBC API to validate the details. On successful registration, the output as shown in figure is displayed.

If the information fails the validation test, the JSP page displays an error message as shown in figure.

The Login Page:

As the name suggests, the Login page of the online banking application at Money Banks, Inc., will be used to accept and validate logon information

Login Page

Check Login

Login Page Account Details

Home Page

from the users. After validation, a user will be allowed to access the application and perform transactions. The logon information generally includes username and password. At Money Banks, the development team decides to use the account number and password as logon information because every account holder has a unique account number.

In this HTML page, two JavaScript methods have been used. These methods are:

Check ()

home ()

Introduction about Java Script:

JavaScript is a scripting language. These languages make a Web page dynamic. A script is a set of instructions that is interpreted by the Web

browser. A script allows the developer to capture keystrokes on the client side, without any server interaction.

Java Script is available in two formats:

Client-side: The client-side JavaScript is available to HTML pages and it is displayed in a web browser. They are used to perform client-side validations on Web Pages.

Server-side: The server-side JavaScript is used to perform validation at the server-end, such as communicating with a database to validate the login in information.

Some of the characteristics of JavaScript are given as follows:

JavaScript is event-driven. It can be programmed to respond to user actions through input devices.

JavaScript is platform-independent. JavaScript programs run within an HTML document. The browser needs to support the execution of JavaScript.

JavaScript does not involve time-consuming compilation. Scripts can be developed in a relatively short time.

JavaScript is easy to learn. It does not have a complex syntax and set of rules.

JavaScript is object-based. An object-oriented program handles a program as a collection of individual objects that are used for specific task, and not as a sequence of statements that perform a specific task.

JavaScript supports constructs such as if..else, switch..case, while, for, and do…while.

Like Java, JavaScript is case-sensitive.

The syntax of JavaScript is similar to Java. Let us discuss something about above two methods:

The check () Method: The check () method is called when the “View Account Details” button is clicked. This code will check if the user has provided all the required information. If any of the two text boxes, account no and password is blanked, an error message is displayed. If the user has provided all the information, the page is submitted.

The home () Method: The home () method is called when the user clicks the “cancel” button. It will display the Home page of the banking application.

After all the fields are entered and the “View Account Details” button is clicked the logon information is passed to the Login_page.jsp where it is validating the database. On successful logon, the Login_page.jsp forwards the request to the actDetails.jsp page.

The output of Login_page.jsp, showing Account Details:

If the logon information matches the information in the database, the request is forwarded to another JSP page, which is the actDetails.jsp. If the user provides the incorrect information, the jsp page will not be forwarded. Instead, the JSP page will again display the text boxes to accept logon information from the user. The output of the unsuccessful logon page is displayed below.

The output, after unsuccessful Login attempt is displayed:

The registration Page for Non-Account Holders:

Based on the design of the banking application, the registration page for non-account holders will enable the viewers to apply for opening new bank accounts at Money Bank, Inc.

Registration Page for Non A/C Holder

The Output of HTML page (Register_page.htm)

Registration Page For Non-A/C Holder

Valid Registratio

n Information

Update DatabaseDisplay Error Message

The HTML page, with the details filled in by the user:

Register_page.htm is an HTML page that will accept and validate inputs from the user. If the user has provided all the required information, the inputs are forwarded to a JSP page, Register_page.jsp.

In this code, there are three are three user defined JavaScript methods. These methods are:

The year () Method : The year method is used to display the years in the list box, which will enable the user to select the year of birth. The method uses for loop and the document.write () method to display years.

The date () Method: The date () method is used to display the day of a month in the list box, which will enable the user to select the day of birth. The method uses the for loop and the document.write () method to display a month.

The verify () Method: This method is called when the user clicks the Submit button. The verify () method checks whether the user has provided all the required values in the page. If any of the required values is missing, an error message is displayed. After validating the inputs from the user, the HTML page forwards the user information to the Register_page.jsp page for updating Database.

The JSP code receives the information from the HTML page and updates the Database. The output of JSP code is displayed below.

Output of the JSP code got the page to verify the details to open a new account at Money Bank Inc:

The Interest Calculator Page: The Interest Calculator Page provides a utility to the user of the Banking application to calculate interests’ payable at a specified rate on a specified amount. The user will need to provide the following values: Principle amount Rate of interest Period in Months

We create this page using JavaBeans.

JavaBeans:

Java Bean is a software component created using Java and takes advantage of all the security and platform independent features of Java. The Advantages of JavaBeans:

A Bean inherits all the benefits of “run-once, run-anywhere” feature of Java.

A bean can be designed to operate in different locales,making it truly global.

The configuration settings of a bean can be saved in a persistent storage and restore at a later time.

A bean can receive and send events to other objects.

Creating the Interest Calculator:

To create the interest calculator, we have created three files. These files are:

Interest_calc.htm: This is an HTML file that’ll accept and forward values to a JSP page.

Interest_calc.jsp: This JSP page will use the bean to calculate interest.

IntCal.java : This the bean sources file.

The Working of interest the calculator is depicted

Interest_calc.htm Interest_calc.jsp IntCalc.java

The output of the HTML page is, showing the Interest Calculator page where we have entered some sample values:

When the values in the HTML page are submitted, the JSP page calls the beans to calculate the interest and it displays the calculated interest. The calculated interest is shown in the below.

The output of the HTML page is displayed the Calculated interest:

The Currency Exchange Calculator Page:

The Currency Exchange Calculator page will enable a user to determine how much a specified amount of currency would value when converted into a different currency. The JavaBeans Technology is used to create the currency converted bean. The three files that are used to create the exchange rate utility are:

currExchange.htm currExchangeBean.jsp calc.java

The currExchange.htm page accepts values for conversion such as currencies and amounts from a user. When submitted, the page forwards these values to a JSP page, currExchangeBean.jsp. The JSP page calls the calc.java bean to calculate the results. The interaction between the three components of the currency exchange utility is displayed in the figure below.

The interaction between components of the currency exchange calculator.

currExchange.htm currExchangeBean.jsp calc.java

The Output of the currExchange.htm page:

When the Foreign Exchange Rates link is clicked on the Home Page, the currExchange.htm page is displayed. A user can select currencies from the list boxes.

When a user submits the currExchange.htm page by clicking OK button, the currExchangeBean.jsp page displays the result to the user as shown in figure.

The Bank Database

The database to hold information needs to be designed. The development team designs a database called Bank, which will be created by using Microsoft Access. The Bank database will hold the data of the bank application. The tables of the database are explained as follows.

The Login_Info Table

The Login_Info Table will contain the logon information (such as the password) about the account holders who have registered with the application. The table structure is given below:

Field Name Data TypeRegister_ID Text

Account_No Text

Password Text

The Ac_Requests Table

The Ac_Requests Table will hold the information of all the requests for opening accounts at Money Banks. The Structure is given bellow.

Field Name Data Type

Request_ID TextBranch TextAccount_Type TextTitle TextFirst_Name TextMiddle_Name TextLast_Name TextDate_of_Birth TextWork_Phone TextAddress TextState TextZip TextE-mail TextHome_Phone Text

AcHolder_Info Table

The AcHolder_Info Table will contain information such as account type and branch of the account numbers. The table structure is given bellow.

Field Name Data TypeAccount_No TextRegister_ID TextBalance TextAccount_Type TextBranch Text

The TransCounter_Info Table

The TransCounter_Info Table will store the transaction information of an account holder. The table structure is given bellow.

Field Name Data TypeTransaction_ID TextAccount_No TextTranscation_Date Date/TimeDebit_Amount CurrencyCredit_Amount CurrencyCheck_No Text

The Register_Info Table

The Register_Info Table will store information such as personal details about account holders of Money Banks. The table structure is given bellow.

Field Name Data TypeRequest_ID TextRegister_ID TextFirst_Name TextMiddle_Name TextLast_Name TextDate_of_Birth TextHouse_No TextLocality TextCity TextPIN TextE-mail_ID TextFax TextPhone_Res TextPhone_Office Text

The Relationship between Tables of the Bank Database

Register_InfoRequest_IDRegister_IDFirst_NameMiddle_Name Last_NameDate_of_BirthHouse_No LocalityCityPINEmail_IDFaxPhone_resPhone_office

Login_InfoRegister_IDAccount_NoPassword

Ac_RequestsRequest_IDBranchAccount_TypeTitleFirst_NameMid_NameLast_NameDate_BirthWork_PhoneAddressStateZipE_mailHome_phone

TransCounter_InfoTransaction_IDAccount_NoTranscation_DateDebit_AmountCredit_AmountCheck_No

AcHolder_InfoAccount_NoRegister_IDBalanceAccount_TypeBranch

Interfaces Used

The Welcome Page

The Home Page

The Registration Page for Account Holders

The Registration Page for Non-Account Holders

The Login Screen Page

The Account Details Page

The Interest Calculator Page

The Currency Exchange Page

Software Specifications

Servlets

JSP

MS Access

JDBC

Tomcat6.0

Concepts Used in Banking Application

Servlets and Deploying Servlets

Servlets API and Handling Requests and Responses in Servlets.

Cookies in Servlets and Creating Counter Servlets

Servlets API Classes and Interfaces

Java Database Connectivity (JDBC)

JDBC API and JDBC Drivers

Java Server Pages (JSP)

Request and Response Cycle of JSP and JSP Tags

HTML and Java scripts Event Handlers

Java Beans Components Specifications

Java Beans Properties and Testing Beans