how to create a cause-efffect outline

8/10/2019 How to Create a Cause-efffect Outline

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How to create a Cause-Effect outline




The aims of this session are to:

• Familiarise you with a range of ways you might

organise an essay which focuses on cause and

effect• Give you an opportunity to practise summarising

a text

• Familiarise you with words and phrases typically

used to signal cause and effect




• Task 1

• Study the different ways of organising a

cause and effect essay (page 17 of thebook).

• What differences do you see?




Task 1

Which way of organising is shown in the following

text?

because of the nail, the horseshoe was lost;

because of the horseshoe, the horse was lost;

because of the horse, the rider was lost;

because of the rider, the battle was lost.




• Task 2

• Consider the following essay question:

• “How would you explain the marked

increase in earnings inequality in Britain inthe last 15 years?”

• Which of the four forms of organisation in

Task 1 would you use?




• Task 2 suggested answer

• Most probable: Emphasis on causes

• Definitely NOT: Emphasis on effects




• Task 3

• Skim read the sample essay on pages 19

and 20 of “Course Materials”.

• Which form of organisation did the writer

use?

• Emphasis on causes




• Task 4

• Work in groups of four.

• Each person should read one of the bodyparagraphs and prepare a short oral

summary for the rest of the group.

• Give your summary to the group without

looking at the text.• Be prepared to ask and answer questions.




• Task 5 (i)

• Read the essay again and

underline/circle/highlight any words or

phrases that might be useful for anycause-effect essay.




• Task 5 (ii)

• the four principal causes of

• the main cause of

• have had the effect of• the impact of

• the overall effect of

• as a result

• has contributed to

• a further reason for

• have heightened




• Task 5 (iii)

• to have a disproportionately high effect on

• the three reasons

• to have had significant but indirect effects• factor

• a direct cause of

• this has resulted in

• these four factors, three indirect, the last

direct, have had the combined effect of



• Now practise using some of these words

and phrases by writing sentences aboutanother cause-effect relationship: sub-

prime mortgages (cause) and the

financial crisis that began in 2008 (effect).




• 1. Giving sub-prime mortgages was one of

the principal causes of the financial crisis

of 2008.

•2. The financial crisis of 2008 happenedas a result of giving sub-prime mortgages.

• 3. Giving sub-prime mortgages was a

factor in the financial crisis of 2008.

•4. Giving sub-prime mortgages contributed to the financial crisis of 2008.

• Which sentence gives most weight to sub-

prime mortgages?



HOMEWORK:

how to create a cause-efffect outline

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