how to conduct a good oral presentation€¦ · presentation skills, as any other skills, can be...

HOW TO CONDUCT A GOOD HOW TO CONDUCT A GOOD

ORAL PRESENTATION ORAL PRESENTATION

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OutlinesOutlines

��IntroductionIntroduction

��Preparation for PresentationPreparation for Presentation

��PracticePractice

��DeliveryDelivery

��Elements of PresentationElements of Presentation

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Presentation skills, as any other skills, can be Presentation skills, as any other skills, can be developed by:developed by:

�� HobbyHobby�� PracticePractice�� Facilitation, by (learning, watching, etc.) Facilitation, by (learning, watching, etc.)

The ability to conduct an oral presentation is as The ability to conduct an oral presentation is as important as the ability to write wellimportant as the ability to write well

Some studies suggest that oral presentation skills Some studies suggest that oral presentation skills are of crucial importance to get promoted to upper are of crucial importance to get promoted to upper levels in profession or career levels in profession or career

IntroductionIntroductionPD

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Steps to give successful presentation are:Steps to give successful presentation are:

�� Prepare properlyPrepare properly

�� Practice adequatelyPractice adequately

�� Deliver the presentation with energy and Deliver the presentation with energy and enthusiasmenthusiasm

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PreparationPreparation�� Listeners have a limited attention span and Listeners have a limited attention span and

cannot be expected to follow everything you cannot be expected to follow everything you say.say.

�� You have to organize your presentation in a You have to organize your presentation in a way that listeners will go a way from your talk way that listeners will go a way from your talk with your main points clear in their minds this with your main points clear in their minds this can be achieved by: can be achieved by: 1.1. Analyze your audience and limit your topic accordinglyAnalyze your audience and limit your topic accordingly

�� What do your listeners know about the topic?What do your listeners know about the topic?�� What do they need and want to know about it?What do they need and want to know about it?�� How much information about it can they absorb?How much information about it can they absorb?

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2.2. Determine your primary purposeDetermine your primary purpose

�� Is there some main point you want to get across?Is there some main point you want to get across?

�� Is there something you want your listeners to believe, Is there something you want your listeners to believe, or be able to do?or be able to do?

PreparationPreparation

You should have your primary purpose clear in your mind so that you can build your presentation around

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PreparationPreparation3.3. Select effective supporting informationSelect effective supporting information

�� What kind of information will best support your What kind of information will best support your main point?main point?

�� What kind of information will appeal to your What kind of information will appeal to your listeners?listeners?

Choose wisely, listeners are able to remember no more than three or four main supporting points and no more than two or three supporting details for each supporting point

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PreparationPreparation4.4. Choose an appropriate pattern of organizationChoose an appropriate pattern of organization

�� The pattern of organization depends on the topic you are The pattern of organization depends on the topic you are presentingpresenting

Example one:Example one:

The topic is about How to do somethingThe topic is about How to do something

Pattern of organization will be in a form of list of instructionPattern of organization will be in a form of list of instructions, s, chronologically ordered.chronologically ordered.

Example two:Example two:

The topic is about describing an experimentThe topic is about describing an experiment

This is standard descriptive pattern i.e.:This is standard descriptive pattern i.e.:

Introduction, materials, procedure, results, discussion, and Introduction, materials, procedure, results, discussion, and conclusionconclusion

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There are many other patterns, whichever one you choose should be appropriate for the subject matter, to your primary purpose, and to your audience, and it should be followed consistently


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5.5. Prepare an outlinePrepare an outline

�� Keep it brief: Main points, main supporting points onlyKeep it brief: Main points, main supporting points only

�� Arranged it in accordance to the pattern of Arranged it in accordance to the pattern of organizationorganization

�� Do not write a complete text unless the technical Do not write a complete text unless the technical content or circumstances warrant itcontent or circumstances warrant it


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6.6. Select an appropriate visual aidsSelect an appropriate visual aids

�� The ability to retain information increases by almost 40 The ability to retain information increases by almost 40 percent when visual aids are used.percent when visual aids are used.

�� A tool to make an impact on your audienceA tool to make an impact on your audience

�� These are These are ““ cue cardscue cards”” allowing you to remember all allowing you to remember all your important points and stay in track without reading your important points and stay in track without reading from notes.from notes.

�� They are attentionThey are attention--gettersgetters

�� Remember, one picture is worth more than thousand of Remember, one picture is worth more than thousand of words, they clarify your messagewords, they clarify your message

�� Choose your visual aids carefully. The best to use is Choose your visual aids carefully. The best to use is what your audience expects. what your audience expects.


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People remember the visual part of speeches

far better then they do the verbal parts

People remember the visual part of speeches

far better then they do the verbal parts

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Visual AidsVisual Aids

Types of visual aids:Types of visual aids:�� Overhead transparenciesOverhead transparencies

�� SlidesSlides

�� Flip chartsFlip charts

�� ChalkboardChalkboard

�� HandoutsHandouts

�� TreeTree--dimensional objectsdimensional objects

�� Computer screen projectionComputer screen projection

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When choosing keep in mind the following questions:When choosing keep in mind the following questions:�� Is it easy to prepare?Is it easy to prepare?�� Can it be altered easily during the presentation?Can it be altered easily during the presentation?�� Will it allow you to control the audienceWill it allow you to control the audience’’ s attentions attention-- or will or will

it distract the attention from what you are saying?it distract the attention from what you are saying?�� Will it let you present at an appropriate speed?Will it let you present at an appropriate speed?�� How much information you can convey with it?How much information you can convey with it?�� How large an audience can you use it with?How large an audience can you use it with?�� How reliable is it? (Does it depend on electronic or How reliable is it? (Does it depend on electronic or

mechanical equipment?)mechanical equipment?)�� Can the audience keep it for future reference?Can the audience keep it for future reference?�� How well does it work as a How well does it work as a ““ cue cardcue card”” ??

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Visual AidsVisual Aids

Your choice should depend ultimately on the particular requirements and purpose of your presentation

Your choice should depend ultimately on the particular requirements and purpose of your presentation

People who keep it simple the longest are the most successful

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7.7. Prepare a suitable introductionPrepare a suitable introduction

�� The audience must have enough background information The audience must have enough background information to understand and appreciate your presentation.to understand and appreciate your presentation.

If you are addressing a problem state it clearly so that the If you are addressing a problem state it clearly so that the audience will appreciate your proposed solutionaudience will appreciate your proposed solution

�� Be sure to provide a basic orientation and to define Be sure to provide a basic orientation and to define important termsimportant terms


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8.8. Prepare a closing summary Prepare a closing summary

�� You should plan to take advantage of human You should plan to take advantage of human psychology psychology ““ Final words best of allFinal words best of all””

�� Repeat and reemphasize your most important Repeat and reemphasize your most important ““ bottom bottom lineline”” conclusion and recommendation, along with the conclusion and recommendation, along with the major reasons for them.major reasons for them.

�� Make closing comments crisply and emphatically.Make closing comments crisply and emphatically.


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PracticePractice�� Helpful to ultimate successHelpful to ultimate success�� Allows you to spot the flaws in a presentation and eliminate Allows you to spot the flaws in a presentation and eliminate

themthem�� Enables you to work on making smooth transition from section Enables you to work on making smooth transition from section

to sectionto section�� Gives you an idea of how long your presentation will takeGives you an idea of how long your presentation will take�� The best way to practice is by rounding up a few friends and The best way to practice is by rounding up a few friends and

trying it out on themtrying it out on them�� Video tape recorder is a second alternativeVideo tape recorder is a second alternative�� Do not forget to familiarize yourself with the equipment you Do not forget to familiarize yourself with the equipment you

will be usingwill be using�� Know your topic well (never try to fake an answer)Know your topic well (never try to fake an answer)�� Get rid of your distracting habitsGet rid of your distracting habits

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Remember, practice promotes greater self-confidence yielding to a more convincing, emphatic, and effective style of delivery

Remember, practice promotes greater self-confidence yielding to a more convincing, emphatic, and effective style of delivery

Rehearse, Rehearse, Rehearse is the key to successRehearse, Rehearse, Rehearse is the key to success

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DeliveryDelivery

�� Personal appearance is one of the most powerful Personal appearance is one of the most powerful visual aids you have visual aids you have

First impression: Appearance 55%, Behavior 38%, and Words 7%

First impression: Appearance 55%, Behavior 38%, and Words 7%

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DeliveryDelivery�� Make sure you are properly dressed and groomed, it will give Make sure you are properly dressed and groomed, it will give

you a boost of confidenceyou a boost of confidence

�� Convert your nervousness into the kind of energy that injects Convert your nervousness into the kind of energy that injects liveliness, enthusiasm, and animation into your speechliveliness, enthusiasm, and animation into your speech

�� Establish a contact with your audience before you give your Establish a contact with your audience before you give your presentation. Break the ice.presentation. Break the ice.

�� Genuine humor is almost the effective in public gathering. Do Genuine humor is almost the effective in public gathering. Do not force it.not force it.

�� Concentrate your full attention on what you want to say.Concentrate your full attention on what you want to say.

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DeliveryDelivery�� Stick to your outlines and make sure you cover all the main Stick to your outlines and make sure you cover all the main

supporting points.supporting points.

�� Keep up the pace do not waste timeKeep up the pace do not waste time

�� Keep eye contactKeep eye contact

�� Use positive gesturesUse positive gestures

�� Encourage questions from the audience, but do not let Encourage questions from the audience, but do not let questions disrupt your presentationquestions disrupt your presentation

�� Never ever show any antagonism toward a questioner. Never ever show any antagonism toward a questioner.

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DeliveryDelivery

Remember, there is only a silly answer but not a silly question

It is best to defuse any hostility in public and try to deal with it in private

Remember, there is only a silly answer but not a silly question

It is best to defuse any hostility in public and try to deal with it in private

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Presentation ElementsPresentation Elements

�� IntroductionIntroduction�� Visual AidsVisual Aids�� TimelinessTimeliness

�� Allow 5 minutes for questions and should fill Allow 5 minutes for questions and should fill up the time allocated for the presentationup the time allocated for the presentation

�� Topic OrderingTopic Ordering�� In a logical sequence, topIn a logical sequence, top--down, subsystems, down, subsystems,

etc.etc.�� Link, repeat and summarizeLink, repeat and summarize

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�� PoisePoise

–– Eye contactEye contact

–– Platform mannersPlatform manners

–– Excessive use of pointersExcessive use of pointers

–– Distracting gestures Distracting gestures

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�� Communication SkillsCommunication Skills

–– Judged with regard to proper use of EnglishJudged with regard to proper use of English

–– ““ AhsAhs”” or other unnecessary wordsor other unnecessary words

–– Talk loud enough so the audience can hear youTalk loud enough so the audience can hear you

–– Monotone Monotone

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�� Technical Merit (Audience interest)Technical Merit (Audience interest)

–– Level of presentation should be appropriate for audienceLevel of presentation should be appropriate for audience

–– Know your audience and make them curiousKnow your audience and make them curious

–– Logical development of problem, understandability and Logical development of problem, understandability and choice of wordschoice of words

–– Methods and results clearly and concisely presentedMethods and results clearly and concisely presented

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Conclusion and SummaryConclusion and Summary

�� Discussion and Conclusion should be presented and validatedDiscussion and Conclusion should be presented and validated

�� Integrated with current level of knowledge (are there other Integrated with current level of knowledge (are there other products out there that are similar)products out there that are similar)

�� Confidence: Appearance and VoiceConfidence: Appearance and Voice

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AcknowledgementsAcknowledgements��Keep track of those to be acknowledgedKeep track of those to be acknowledged--keep a diary so keep a diary so that you donthat you don’’ t forget anyonet forget anyone

��Include: your sponsor, outside sources (companies or Include: your sponsor, outside sources (companies or agencies), other departments on campus. Avoid thanking agencies), other departments on campus. Avoid thanking individuals teaching the course.individuals teaching the course.

��Avoid cliches, such as Avoid cliches, such as ““ without whose help...without whose help...”” Be Be specific, or keep it simplespecific, or keep it simple

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AppearanceAppearance

–– Since this is a formal presentation, business dress is Since this is a formal presentation, business dress is expectedexpected

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Some Additional CommentsSome Additional Comments

�� Purpose accomplished?Purpose accomplished?

–– Is audience informed or persuadedIs audience informed or persuaded

�� EnthusiasmEnthusiasm

�� CorrectnessCorrectness

–– Facts and theory correctFacts and theory correct

�� AudienceAudience

–– Learn as much as you can about the audience and speak Learn as much as you can about the audience and speak to their level.to their level.

�� Be natural and conversational when speakingBe natural and conversational when speaking

Back to main presentation

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how to conduct a good oral presentation€¦ · presentation skills, as any other skills, can be...

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