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How to Build a Resilient City: The City Resilience Framework
The Rockefeller Foundation100 Resilient CitiesArup
Nancy Kete, PhD
Women in Clean Energy Symposium
Sept 17th 2014
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Dr. Nancy Kete
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“By April 2014, to articulate urban resilience in a measurable, evidence-
based and accessible way that can inform urban planning, practice, and
investment patterns which better enable urban communities (e.g. poor and
vulnerable, businesses, coastal) to survive and thrive multiple shocks and
stresses.”
Opportunity Statement, February 2013
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“In order to get a grip on it, one must be able to relate resilience to other
properties that one has some means of ascertaining, through observation.” Martin-Breen & Andries (2011) Resilience: A literature review. The Rockefeller Foundation: New York City, p. 11
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Safeguards
human life
Protects,
maintains
and
enhances
assets
Facilitates
socio-
cultural
identity and
human
relationships
Promotes
information
education
and
innovation
Delivers
basic needs
Supports
livelihoods
Stimulates
economic
progress
Defends
rule of law,
justice and
equity
Epidemic
Floods
Power failure
Explosion
violence
Illiteracy
Lawlessness
Unemployment
Economic
crisis
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Protects,
maintains
and
enhances
assets
Safeguards
human life
Facilitates
socio-
cultural
identity and
human
relationships
Promotes
information
education
and
innovation
Delivers
basic needs
Supports
livelihoods
Stimulates
economic
progress
Defends
rule of law,
justice and
equity
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
Fac
tors
of
resi
lien
ce f
rom
sec
ond
ary s
ourc
es
City functions
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Surat
Cape Town
Semerang
New
Orleans
Concepción
Cali
Bangkok
Brazzaville
Chengdu
Hong Kong
Detroit
Doha
Kampala
SeattleNew York
Dar es Salaam
Ho Chi Minh
City
Lima
Quito
Rio de
Janeiro
Primary data
Secondary data
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“In Concepción we had two earthquakes: the 8.8 one and the social earthquake –
looting, arson… I think the last one affected our soul most violently.”
Mayor of Concepción, Chile
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Water distribution after 8.8 earthquake – February 2010
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Alto Rio Building – February 2010
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Army patrol in Greater Concepcion – February 2010
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“In Concepción we had two earthquakes: the 8.8 one and the social earthquake –
looting, arson… I think the last one affected our soul most violently.”
Mayor of Concepción
“Due to scarcity of labour, competition in the country and demand for
craftsmanship, employers had to be nice to their immigrant employees – they
needed to retain their employees. They tried to understand their issues and treated
them like family…This sentiment has continued.”
Elected standing committee member, Surat, India
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“In Concepción we had two earthquakes: the 8.8 one and the social earthquake –
looting, arson… I think the last one affected our soul most violently.”
Mayor of Concepción
“Due to scarcity of labour, competition in the country and demand for
craftsmanship, employers had to be nice to their immigrant employees – they
needed to retain their employees. They tried to understand their issues and treated
them like family…This sentiment has continued.”
Surat elected standing committee member
“The city wasn’t designed by economic forces; instead it was designed by social
engineering. Maybe we need social engineering to change it again?”
Representative of the Cape Town Partnership, South Africa
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“Things that initiated the positive trajectory in the development of our city were
better management , projects, and trust in our Mayor”
Private sector representative, Cali, Colombia
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“How do we help? We try to get where the state is unable to reach. We listen, we
support, and work with the social fabric of our community.”
Fundación Paz y Bien volunteer, Cali, Colombia
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The City Resilience Framework
provides a lens
through which the complexity of
cities and the drivers that
contribute to a city’s resilience
can be understood
© Ove Arup and Partners International Limited, 2014
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© Ove Arup and Partners International Limited, 2014
100RC
City Resilience
Framework
The 12 capacities in the
100RC City Resilience
Framework
collectively determine its
ability a city’s resilience
to a wide range of shocks
and stresses
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City resilience has 4 key
dimensions
People, place, organisation,
knowledge
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Basic human
needs
People
“the health
and wellbeing
of everyone
living and
working in the
city”
Livelihoods &
employment
Health &
emergency
services
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Protective
infrastructurePlace
“the way in
which man-made
and natural
infrastructure
provides critical
services and
protects, and
connects urban
citizens.”
Critical
services
Mobility &
communication
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Identity &
mutual
supportOrganisation
“the social and
financial systems
that enable
urban
populations to
live peacefully,
and act
collectively”
Social
stability &
security
Finance and
funds
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Leadership &
management
Knowledge
“effective
leadership,
empowered
stakeholders,
and integrated
planning”
Stakeholder
empowerment
Development
planning
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© Ove Arup and Partners International Limited, 2014
Resilience is the result of
cumulative action to strengthen
these capacities over time
multiple factors contribute to
resilience and there are multiple
entry points for action
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Fair employment standards
and regulation
Living or decent wage
Accessible social welfare
Robust and inclusivelabour policies and standards,
as well as social security
provision for the unemployed
Qualities of
resilience
How is this
demonstrated?
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Active management &
restoration of coastal
ecosystems
Active management &
restoration of tree cover
Active management of
rivers & watersheds
Reflective, flexible and
resourceful management
and restoration of ecosystems
and environmental assets
Qualities of
resilience
How is this
demonstrated?
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Strong civil society
Empowerment of
vulnerable members of
society
Neighbours know each
other
integrated and
inclusive engagement of
civil society within the city
Qualities of
resilience
How is this
demonstrated?
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Effective and diverse
mechanisms for
communication and
coordination between local
government, and citizens
Government
communication to the public
in local languages
Transparent
communications between
government and citizens
about government plans
and performance
Inclusive, integrated
and transparentmechanisms for
communication and
coordination between local
government and citizens
Qualities of
resilience
How is this
demonstrated?
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Leading the city out of the
‘plague’
in Surat, India
by empowering government department heads
to take action independently while putting in
place measures for accountability
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Integrating public art with disaster
management
in New Orleans, USA
by raising awareness of evacuation procedures
within the communities in which they are placed.
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Relying on community-action
in New Orleans, USA
to support the rebuilding of homes,
provide primary healthcare and
livelihood training
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Keeping the business going
In Concepción, Chile
by redeploying staff to other
shopping centre was rebuilt
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100resilientcities.org
rockefellerfoundation.org/our-work/current-work/resilience
arup.com/cri