m

m HOW THE OTHER HALF BUILDS

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Volume 2:Plots

Carlos Barquir!Richard BrookRajinder Puri

Witold Rybczynski

June 1986

Centre for Minimum Coet Housing School of rchitecture, McSili UniversityM

1 FOREJDRD

t tre seconi vZi of e

:onti’inp etIes ert o e Ion—teriproeot—-Haw the Other Haif

oi Mc6li Jnicr

t:t’ s entre for Mininurn Coet Housing+irt ‘lues, entitled Sece W8S C

osetion cf t e activttiss tnt

t’e p oe zn tL p blic speces cd acettr arord tic ouee plot ir unplen

ed settlenets and how spaces arera: to .eccoetjete t’ese acti1t1esWhcle Earth Review cellsi ‘io1’e I

srs:•on cf PetternE 5fli C

rC erpue 41fF suEr

t 1-prç Ic err ircor fr fus wor the writing cf the

archtcct lohn HtbraIen In Transfcrmations cf the Site 1983? Habraen dar e

is4

InzrJ9jcnE. lE1 t; t5e?. rot P55

orci It ot hC

q ror ciesinedsb id iof onfee tic studt at

b ilt ironsen itt thes d of arciiecture, o anningEr nee’ira.

r; o: ctc t:cuire cetein ottita1 cqar

ccterstics, bas adopted e q;ar-titatl:s

epproech borowlr; toc statistctltools cf the SOCiCi scsnt1stenaifsls es dons in Ui e School cf:hitecta. e s Comuters r te

8tOECteEL on Osoorre 1c ana 15M HT5using Superceic erd Lotu 1D tt o-phict were generated USifl MutccedThankS fa Prof David Coio, Dan Corsilloend 1—Jen Chen fa tneir ass1stanceto Prof 9ruce Pndereor DUiector cf fne

tt Over 1 E

:c ‘i eln eLtfP ‘ot iCU5lOO ]ructP

prograrn cf tbe Mcbill School cf rchi—te t r, end is a -onporeof cf u pro,e,:elied Low—income Urben Sre1ter Ir

ii coço’ted b re Soece;

0ee:o”sit oer.l:Ct

er-;:cn :ere::cr.ee•eIocTcnt -;erE-. :c

:.r o- chspdebci C Ir’ eri he aoLid iie Ui cc no-u ut

Ui fh operatio ot PriT SUijoshi o13F, wh released ans cf his staff,itI g Ocho1d Rjinder Fi i, for e

three-month period to acsis in trucir°n ni- Fzri

ttt Sicrurt 3eliszr-n;,Fr r

‘ie° cri :oiiertLE ET tCC

iid e vital e in aseb n; ther; ut r1 suc *

f e

°LOT EP0SURE 15 DETERMINED B3OUNTING THE NUMPiER 0F 510ES 0F THE2-UILT PLOT THT ARE CONTIOUOUS TOPUSLI[I OPEN SPACE.

1. SurveyBUILT PLOT AREA 15 DETERMINED BiMIJLTIPLYING PLOT FRONTABE 5V PLOTDEPTH.

PLOT SPACE AVAILABILTY 15DETERtIINED 5V DIVIDING BUILT PLOTAREA 5V THE NIJtIBER 0F PLOTINHABITANTS.

BUILT PLOT RATIO 15 DETERNINED 8VDIVIDING BIJILT PLOT DEPTH BY 8UILTPLOT FRONTAGE.

i

‘u-e EEFEFO ori; o 0511Eeirc s r’ts sUit ae bear reali:ed

n’’ l j

PLOT FRONTA6E 15 DETERHINEO 5VMEASURING THAT 510E 0F THE PLOTTHAT FRONTS ON THE NAIN ACCESSSTREET.

N

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ARE A SPACE 4

Jh? iflCi r_-t : ;iptrtJt crninq

decjsic2n i.n designing sites nd ser’,ics

orojects is probably the determination0+ thO area of the p1ot Plot areasvary widely +rom. region to region, fromas amali as I B M2 in south sia ta over

:o M2 in ;frica and South eerica Butaven in perticular ountries there is

I ttle .QreCCflt as t: pht consttutes;. :Or[ V5fl a ‘1in].qai area

t!E 00e hH ttepub!1C auhorites

Epc r 1r] :: the hoh coot cf land an:

: r atLtU.re h; terded t: reduce

ict arecs on tue other hand , critice

cf cccli nicta neYe pointed eut that tr

larger the piot the greater the econ

cmi: benefit tu the owner ho over

•I:iee car iiprcve and inveat in flic•cce Moreover thev arquc once f j xodtrio scait plot raffut de chcnged In tne

+ut.ure flac don beon cuggested that

iots in :iun: cnd squatter settiesentsre re:uentL icroer tnan. thcse found

fornailu pianned cites and servicesE050tSr05t1n0 thezh rnionitv

nuaber o OUOStiQflS bear ereminstion?bet is the relctionsflip between iot:.recs in sluns and official ares standards? Are ciums cflaracterized fly unifornïty or variety when it cocos toriot arecs? is the correlation between

family incorne and plot area as direct asit Le ucueli ascuaed tc fie?

wons vaOue bout t5e e>ec

H.cuse ertensi ose (stocos ni atforsssorchesi sers usu1 I I mii :eted——thouph.

bi ++ ores: j atemi-on the si ans. assors terres ami salis, but ownerehip 0±

h oses or es ses nc.t if :T t ra nt T ta r r T

rrrirceterion t±s site tri..orr md on•rrioervetione raie ciurïnrr nieits t..c the

“.sveraqe psi ‘rate open area per plot,elthcuar es tha plans nci sets

o-p-en arecs wero sot npCSar11v sdracen:

T: ail buit oIots Bisse sdi—tduaI

ores studr as i-es-ai c-r font :icts

built plot dicensions tatas froc miesurvey pl-sns

Inforsation on plot areami for cash cfthe sis sett1esents as weli as for thestudy as e who1e Le presented in fouro ategor i es

Leste ieroen thon 4-T 07

srege bol it I cf -are-os ha r e- tees c-si

sol eted , ± .r-ss-Leer si Le le ni us-e d-n-t-asccordinp ta: l-uilt dot eaea onivatmr p r- n -e r e.- s. n rj u b 1 1 s p e n-are -e

N-he 50—0ES o+ -eEeliediC- Iieing spece ifi

ocuiventi onei singlr-—fani I y flous-i nq I sd:rectlv p-. roport:onal to the flouse sze,since the nueber cf occupants is more orless constant; the larger the houas, tflesore tfle amount cf ssace per inhabitant.For a nuTber of reasons the concept cf“avereqe +acrly sine 15 cf limited usej E the :cn-i t j ccc of desel cip no—countryn-:w—nr:r-re unber nou-:inp-. hOr ose

- :esr-:a ro- -ry C

rCri1 f ne-ans thst j’ additor to a-e-ente cri cri I fiscs tiers -are- usuel In-randpcrents--, uncles, -aunts cnn otherel-etve, end friende. Moreover, ifs_pose is “ieft oser” it je frequentiyrented, Le -augment the ernali facile

t: in c-e the single—femilr’ plot freqLrentiybouses ‘p-en’ people—--so’re thon on-e f enj 1 y--—the arec of the pi cf gi ses no i n—iicetron cf tOc de-n-roc cf or-cwd:ng w:tb—in the focs. A large plot with cany, ohr ftnfc art- .rnS rit wnrttner CCCI i ri os ‘-ri nt 5v5r . The c I t—

-, r— C :: :—e: — s

- t o u -s e- t o e -e s h b w rLeler

If space s-. r—eilabilit--r, rether thon sis—i plot arec, is an indication cf act

uel living conditions, this raises enumber cf pertinent quastions. Conven—tional wisdorn has it that larger plots,beceuse Leep- ocst mcre represent esol uTi or- Le-r si ohe soc-se croups. in

en-r scrIbe: ra-- If

omisses r- (cf as-es an-i fer-il u incorneec:ess t: tire seallest plots le res-trc-ici t: ts-s poorcet aml1es. le there s:trc-ng correl eti cr between spece amifaeiiv income in unpienred settlernents?Efli le mr1re spece!p-rr-rson actuelle ev—ai leb le on lerper plot-: or do tire

:rrntein sort- people-? le tire01 s-o-eoe r--es i nh et-i tant on tire

(noces-, o Le markei -i-e-se-ri?

becs pos::bre f0 car subie sire sp-ace5v-CiiablO Or tOc plot in terme cf saucre‘neters per perscn (boLet plot arec iii—ned 5m tire surfer f nflsbiter-tLe

- ffl- —ot -n5 -era r—tel

ides-tic-si Les bouse ers-e.

Infora-etbon on plot sp-ece, for eecfl cfthe six settlements, as well es for tirestudy ace shole, le presented in fourcategori as:

Less then O MOsperson

in adji ton, car irnoc, rnin.i t arc -aven-—e °— — r

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u 1 et e h

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BUILT PLOT AREA 10 DETERMINED 0Vo u PLOT SPACE AVA1LABiLTY JE

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Built Plot No. 0+ Built Plot No. of Space on No. o+Arec plots Ratio plots Bout Plot plots

20.00 M2/person0.63 fl2/person

20 2 119 52 3 M2Icerso 942ÛO 2 2 82 34 M2’person 314i Ml 12 27 45 M2’person 18

4 t. 5 5 Mperson 22

Max. arec 56O0 M2 Max. ratio 4.75 Max. spaceMin. area 5.00 M2 Min. ratuo 0.39 Min. space

EIP]SURE

No, o No. otplots

88 9 Bout plat area 15.24 M25 55 Private open area 2.48 M2!plot14 bI Plot ratIo

9 Space 2.44 M2rsorPlot 4roptaqe

a xrcntaqs 8,50 M E4posureMu f:r1ae Su M

RTRIST- (Perceritage)

(S

0w

(71 60(1 .47

(7 _Z)(. 62)

(1.2)(49.40)(16.27)(.0l

(33.01)(. 1

8.444

. 42)

79)

64 (9._8

84(33

23 TOTAL POPULAT ION24

2. Analysis

Thi s study is based on documents pro

vided by the Indore Developsent Author—ity which has been undertaking socialand physical surveys cf urban siums inpreparation for a World Bank—fundedupgrading oper ation The survoy documents (prepared 1983—84) consist ofscaled plot iayouts and cross—referenced social data (eg famiiy sizeand income) This study examines thefirst six sium settiements for whichcomplote data is available Firoz GandhiNagar Jivan Ni Phd Adarsh Bi j amanNagar, Survahara Nager, and Ladha Coi—cny The first five fors e contïguousneighborhood in northwost Indore, thefth, Lodha Colony, is about one milecxcv. Prof Vi krao Bhatt and Bhushancthare of CMCH visited ail six cf thesettiernents during the musser cf 1984.Drnta on two of theme settiements——FirozSrnndhi Nager end Adarsh Bi jasan Nmqr——zppeors in “How the Other Haif Buiids,DiUIii8 I Space

Tr-e procadure of tris studv is as foi—(1) Data for the indvtdumi sett—

loments i.e prmsented according te fivecict charscteristi.cs:

AREASPACERATIOFRONTAGEEXPOSURE

lrii_arzng distribution, averaoc and‘-cnoo. The characteri.sti.cs are beflnecin the foliowing pages.

2) The marne information is presented+cr the entîre study population (iLS5tcorsons)

The rest cf the analysis ic baset ona random sample cf 200 plots, drawn fromt.he total number cf I, 490 pi ots Therandom sample is drawn proportionatel yte the number of plots in each sine.

(4, A largo number of the plots in thisstudy contain more than one fainil•,,hence plot size, nuniber cf inhebitantsand their aqgregate inccmes vc ry mccc r—

dingiy Consequently, the recuits cfthe analysis cf the random sampie arepresented in two categories: singlefamiiy plots and muiti—famiiy piots

(5) Frequency distribution graphe cf therandom sampie have been drawn for eachcf the five plot characteristics mtud—ied This produces average and modedata for each characteristic,

(6) Values for the five plot character—istics have been converted into standardscores Any plots that had e score overtwa standard deviatians from the seanwere excluded from the sampia Thesestandard scores were used ta estimatethe strength of the line.ar relati.onshjpbetween ernch pazr cf variables by cal—culating Pearsons “r’ correiati.on co—mf+ci.ent.

The main ais of tnis studv hem beento examine tre physicel charmcteristicscf dus plats; inevitabiy thi5 raise;i.ssuec related ta femiiy i.ncome. Thus,in addition to the fi.ve plot character—i.stics, farnzl inccme Pas -aIma beentaken nto account when anal vzino thersndom samole and when Icoking or cor-relations. The results cf this part cfthe studu 8re oresented et the end cf

E0rue 4r r 11.30 r, Nusoer o Plct r I,40 Rui.lt Plots nres r 43IoccstIor r 1I,55 persorz Private Ops 4rear 15lersite ,957 pph Personssolot 2ubhc Oper Pr r 42 5

incame/fcsily r 371 rs/aontti

RRE4 RPTIO SPACE

Bui.it Plot No. cf Built Plot No. cf 8pace on No. cfPrea plots Ratio plots Built Plot plots

(20 M2 375 (1 404 (3 M2fperson 44920—30 M2 326 1-2 675 1-4 M2/person 28530-40 fl2 331 2—3 345 4-5 M2/person 229140 M2 458 >3 66 15 M2/person 527

Max. ares r 201.25 M2 Max. ratio r 5.60 Max. space r 60.00 M2/personMin. ares r 5.00 M2 Min. ratio r 0.23 Min. space r 0.33 N2lperson

I

No. cf No. cfexposures pic.ts

.3 M 306 1 30 ui1t plot ares r 32.57 M23--4 M 461 2 543 0rivate open arear 11.09 M2/piot

3 Plot ratio 11M 420 4 279 Sscn r 4.06 h2/oerscn

P)rt rrrt.r r 4

Mx- for3xcx 20.00 1 P-ur 2.8-0”. rr”r r

PLOT CHARACTERISTICS(Percentage)

4r-ea < 20 M220—30 M230-40 82

1 40 82Plot Ratio C 1

1—22—3>3

Frontaqe < 3 M3—4 M4—5 M>58sidesi dessi desi des

<33—44—5

(25. i7)(21.88)(22.211(30.74)(27,11)(45.301(23. 16)(4.43)

(20.53)(30.94)(2034)(28. 19)(2.01)

(36,44)(42.. 83)(18.73)(30. 13)(19.13)(15.37)

> 5 (35,37)

0cress I

4M2/Porson

—

—

—--

r

s --—-w

—

tr pi torthe si> settiernents iary wrdely, between1% 24 P12 and 49 M2 with an average

7 P12 for the total populationsTbiu last figure is close to the standard for Economically Weaker Sector(EWS plots that is used in Indian sitesand services projects Thïs averagefiguru car be deceptive however, orwhat ernerges froc s doser look at thesurie is the e trernely large variet oolot si:es present in ail the settlernerts fror as srnall as 5 P12 to 2()( P12Nor does any ana size predorninate; plotsess than 2 P12 account for 25X of thetof al plots u—3O P12 and u4n P12 for22. each, and plots over 4 P12 for 31XThis ra s significant range consideringU e t cccl hiçb density of thesrttlernents ‘the eajority contain oierl,û)r personsbectare) and the value andtrlit of eier addrtronal square acter

r9C e lar t or r the vr’et 0f p ot3res irrght be fhe faci thaf one third

the plots cortar core than one facly, in fa:t slightli rrrore than half of

th op lation (51i) lives on multifanl plos inc would eirpect theri ti fdni U lots fa be larger, as

d ri fh crrn fi av sqr arra Ne ra12 vs 2r P1 for single farnil

The I fcrerice bcfween fie coU

4requen51y ecuUrg ‘aoder plot areass Iesc drarnatic, howeier: 3u P12 for

rnulti is 25 P12 for singlcfarnily plotsThus the nuaber 0+ farniires on a plutinfluences plot ara, bU rot to theetent that one rnight e peU Nor raplot drea a function U farnilv size;tUrc is s weak correlatron betweenfarnilv size and plot ares for cUti—facil plots, and none at ail for sin—ole farnili plots The e4fect of varrations in faci1 incarne on plot areasdrc Lscrssed ldtcr

25 RE ANLYSIS JL

AREA ANALYSIS

s L

26

*

N

N

FREOUENCV 0F RELURRING FAMILIES/PLOTAil Plots

/\/\

24

Shil s mgSingle and MultiFamily P ots

The srtir Id mmrslo reçresststhe ouater cf Isa I li joji rthe plot Plots that hous s rethan one faaiiy are indicat bythe taller vertiral dimension

EELUENCY 0F RECURRING PLOT AREAS

NN

Multiple 5 ISing1 Famzly Plcst

SPACE ANALYSIS S P A C E ANALYS I S 28

r rQrTPflt 4Li t Ot tB ,i1tIS lese e notIOn of ts trot tren

tne tPOJflt o4 eoe:e net i.e aveilebie

o ts i.nheg1tcn:s M2’oereon)

aitbil1t does rot vari greoti’e settlcecots: free,. aersqes

_ to 4. 7’ M. pereon. Tt-

ser0? jr the total oopuat ion lS 4.s

‘“ eer. ss with piri.t arecs.ILi CD ne ele s ,s.et o

i.iI i T rr le roDOrfaD1

—5 M2’ersor 335.) cru corst iCperson (‘h) ‘ho the +reqien-

r dis)’ butiori graph shoNs, the major57, faIls etween 2-’6 M2!person

-‘trrç. arg0—

7, 1 cI in Cne o1n1e—hzç’ s rt1, no

s L. er.sn thsn ne rnu1tI-ssu1, piots 4,15 Mperson). he scali

if+erence in cocos .vi.ibllity betmeeninDi end eLiti—fcmiIy piots despits

— )‘e dre :‘o i” crac.nd b r’ on” ft

-: r

• scsi’.DictE, 4.I pansce as

‘h .

strong pcsi:1 ccr.’eletirt2een soace ard arec +or bnth siriple—

end plots istrcrqar 5or the

latteri, indicati.n a direot li.nearrsiationship betwsen the two tFiat is

lerqer pirfo generall iess crowdetran seau ones, The correistlOn bat—eeru ;pace cri +aci.i 01:5 +o1i Ors

oses p3tterr It 15 weai and nepatzse

£F poto. and stron; au,do •r rl 5c:’ —‘r

FFIEOUENCY 0F DENSITV ON PLOT CM2/PERSON)Multiple Family Single Famiiy Ploto.

que

S’u, ,nthSpace available on the plot

The vertical diuenion representsthe aeount af space available onthe plat. The lawet representslese than 3 H2/person; the middle3—5 M2lpersan; and the tallest aorethan S M2/peron,

21Frequf,’

I

C

FO)’ENCY 0F RECURRINGPERSONS/PLOTMultiple Family Single Family Piot,

/

/V ‘‘-L

Per Con/PI 0f,

‘29

- E : rp —r p —

gt: rti:s ifl t Si se:timent ctoni! rernan wïthin a nrrow range-th2averages 0+ plot ratios vary between1)7 and :o5 (the avraqe ratio for thetcti sur-vey je I biH—but cisc exhibitJe i :t_tlC ariety. 45. c te pietshave e pigt retie o between I 2,i.ljE Cfli C Sfl21i 4 exceed 3

The requency dietribution graph indicetex e email dif{erenre betweer singleand ltHf.emiiy plots the avereger.otjQ xr mult—fawtiiv plots in slightixI oeer il 4l than thet for singie+ami iyplots (L7). The difference betweenmode ratios in greater, L5 vs 2O forx.jnolefami.lx plots

rroLatmnr oint

oIots test in, casher end laro—per pi etc tend te have the saae generaioroportions, about 2O The correlationbeteeen ratio and ares for singlefami1yoh etc je, contrcrymï se, strong and di r

(berce the correlation) hiieeuitifamiiy plots grec sideways, keeo-ing s more constant ratïo Larqer smaliplots tend to have narrower proportions

nocorrelatior beowean ohotrablo and oint space for either plots,or between plot ratio •snd famiy size

In :onclux),on thermie e consistentolet ratio—between Lb and 2Oin

•x.nneci settl ements Une mi ht ha etop

denet, but this in net the

RT I O ANALYS I S E’-

-

RAT I O ANALYS I S 30

Plot rat,os

The vertcai dimension reprementsthe plot ratio. The lowestrepresents a ratio of tees than 1;the next taller l—2; the next 2—3;and the talleat a ratio greaterthan 3.

FREOUENCY 0F RECURRING PLOT RATIOSMultiple Family S Single Family Plots

Fre

quen

y

Plot Ratio6 O

se::i2nt i i e:ween i: fI

b I 1 Dti ?verac9 i 4 78 M) .

th sc? th8 distribution + dt+fer-rtoe sho no particular preoond-

‘en tF’e coneistenc cf plotratios, chic would suqriest triat lergerdots simoij ha,e larger frontages! andinceed thi zs the case there isa vern

stron hi va corral ation between•ree end frentace for both sinqle ont

Piot

The average frontage for single—familyplots je 4l4 M (mode4OO M) and theaverage frontage for multi—family plots

is 625 M (mode6OO M). This dîfferonce je the result of the slightly 1ar

per multifamily plot area and of itsoreater plot ratio.

Phare I e no correlation between f ami lysise ont +rontage for sinqlefamilyplots ont e eak correlation for multi

family plots. Thora isa weak correlaton betveen f rontape ont space for sïn

cl o+c.ni I ci etc ont o ver’ stronp oneor multi-+omily olots Pince greater

E eeocciotet with largercl etc ht I e. supoonts the previous aseer

e etron. ecitive correlation.—

or ter muiti—fa511v piots

re eurvoy inOicetes s clear pattero intre fljner 0f sites of the plot thet areadjacent ho public open spece. Theaverages of the number cf exoocures fal 1ce:een 2,4 and 2P xr the Ei sett1e—oents, P negLigble nocher cf plotshe’e oniy o single exposure ‘27. in theohole surveyL The majority 79j have1 (16h) or 3 (43X1 exposures.

Thora is o di fference between single—ont multi—famiiy plots. The overoge forsingle—fomiiy plots is 2.63 exposures(mode=3.00), ont the average for u1ti—famïly plots is 2.97 exposures(mote3,OO),

There is no correlati on between exposureont plot arec, Nor is there o corraloti on between exposure ont ai ther ratioor frontoqe. If small plots, or narrowplots, or narrowly proportionet plotsare just as likely ho have 2—3 exposures•os large, or wide, or squarish ones,this suggests that multiple exposera ison importent plot charocterjs,tic which,

crovitet ho aIl plots,

le o very etrong poci ti va corral —

et I on betxeen expocure .cnd snoce f oriv olets. bec no correlecion

etno.1e—tsiil,- plots, The is

T j cul t te exoi ai n, Dccc t have soma—ho do mt tho dffarencee between

occupations or sinclo— cru muitl—tsm±plotsn Do aule1—tamilv plots, for

pie, Incorporate work arecs or snops,which wouid tend to increase the M2/per—se n

The foot chat aost plots jO unolanneteettlements have 2 or 3 sites .cd)ocart

to public open space demands more openspace thon in o piannet settlemant mherealaost aIl the plots ore bock—te—bockhouses mith single (ont generoily mmm—aI) frontages. The gross built plotsarec in the six settlements varies bat—ween 391 and 501 (averaget:431) cf thesite, ont if one deducts the privateopen spoces, the arec dedicated te publIc open spoce 15 between 331 ont. 517.(averoge=42X) of the site. Thi s is agre.at deal, considering thot the .ovaragupopulation density is 1,057 persons/J.00—tare. It indicates the premium the.t (splaced on multiple exposeras, as weli asthe importance that is attached to theprovision of open spoce adjacent te thehome, ont ovaila ble for monv tomest o

c t i vi t i e s

31 F R O N T A G E— nANALySIS

. —‘w

EXPOSURE ANALYSIS

39Freq

FREOUENCY 0F RECURRING PLOT FRONTAGESMultiple Farnily & Single Farniiy Plots

Frequ

nt:

‘1

64

48

1 &

FREOUENCY 0F RECURRING PLOT EXPOSURESMultiple Family . Single Femily Plots

/

/

—z

ocan cean

s2

FAM I LV I NCOME

:s 5Le- wasIza cssrnent idsnti.ad

ree 1r5552 categories n popular hs-

irg: the Ecoromica11 Weaker SectorE4S tho Low Incoe Group LIG the:die trctrne Group (IG) end the Highrc,5o uOup HI& ac:ordig to teDiOW IflCt1OS

4/çrt

R ;inri-n

— I•

e s orages of +ei1y l000ee ir tho sitt emets var, between 295QFr’acr b, the avoraoc or the tofal2Itc aino D1 Rsaonth aode.

• T t tha +eouoc ttrl t—

ir.3i•ato5, ii. Inoma qropswererepre5ertOd EWS (47), LIS 42X andMiS (I1 ihplanned sft1eeents hous

p rsd -rn section of urban soriety

n:rt *Zç”—

Tcrt:. The

t iniec i”i ç one its s 46t f. cjnth

r iiien iivlng On CutI fii

i:t f is tly

‘‘ stoc

dot ith othar ariiies ii oct 0:000-Tic

it inay Ce due te #aiIv ties caste,cr grena,

more is s strong ccrrelaton Peae:

+5511 income and ares for slrgin—4ain

plats and a none between au1t—faslplot areas and aal1 Inconies. Ths

5h.e re-i î- r-e ‘-

r, ;‘4:i ---

snLes scou’e isrco D-cti

cin; why ths shoujO be sore so far

single—faeily plots is unclear, In ancase, it appears thaf when familiesshare s p1ot ts sice is determine0 b

lOOS ztb than asi corne, Or

or d-eteer f-s’: ::ns

ciors——oo?1:usi iar-se t3siier5:s

i’cre wage—earners.

There is na carrelation between familyincone and any other 0+ the physicalplat characteristics——space, ratio, fro—ntaqe or exposure——for either type cfplot. îre e:at cfso edcsLros aopess to ne JnC:5O0d t:

‘ar:Ij l:cae IOzO:tS

ft tht f o L,tfer are rcrnxca

ANALYS I S

NFAMILV INCOME ANALYSIS 34

N

- th orest

FREI2UENCV 0F RECURRING FAMILY INCOMES80 Ail Plots

/\\/N\

u

/

/--FI

500 1000

Inconie ‘Rs!Month)

!t84tC P481Family income

The vert,cai dinension npesentsfou rate :ns ni everaqe insu,ce Th lcest reprenents s

famuly un tin ‘-15 (urder 40Lr/mon-h) tin nexf taller ace intic LIC (nO 600 re nanti tinnn,t in the MIS (600 1800rs/uuonth)( and the tallent n ialnulyin HIC (acer 1800 re/eanth(.

48

24

FREOUENCY 0F RECURRING FAMILY INCOMESMultiple Family . Single Family Plots

Fr

q

e

O

y

I’,’x-ingl e4 çeu I t L e

500e

750inc-sne (Rsiionth

1000

35 CORRELA T I ONS LORRELAT I ONS

P1t Eharecterietic verage Nde auieu Mniu Std, Devn, Vari2tion

Srge .1 5.00 2J0 5. 1.‘iuti 4737 143.0:

544 4 .33 5:°ulti 4,15 4.00 1.41 l.*7 2.1

Soie 1.77 2,00 4,41)4.,. I 4$ f t

2.01)S.

:c:7:2:7 4

.S1:E Ipereons Singie .41 ni e 21,1)0 1.00 3,154,71) 16.oO 2.5

ihC1)JME e,!c’tn 3ir2ie ô7.58 7:.1): 11)0,0’) 245.35 :1)A4.E‘3 1_’

36

-

-

I 4..:3.i 3232044

‘‘

4 , 4

f C 4h

Fasily Incaie (Rs,/Month)

0RE eni. SPOC.E

E arc 3PQJ

C0E and “TI0

1)E cnn EP28v

:d E$P0S1)RE

).14 weak

4 7e

0.1 WPi

+0 17 weak

+fl,2L Ctrcrq+0,10 none

C

‘L

Snaie +o,2o etrorg F1L SUE anh SPCE Sing eMu1t +0,38 verv etrang Moiti

j p + J en- etrnn 512E 5 p

M ., rn e it

rql 4-• ver ‘r- 31o ard RM

cifi i-( .4’ vers ‘c-o L

oLLO e cane MlL L e d E r1)0 Ki Si ohuit8 none Moiti

S. igle nonp M1LY INCÛI4E and RE SingleMulfi none Hui

- oner st ra

8 r F jcg

:fr,r’a 1L’ CDE ,r vCON E

44, 24243 2

4 44 4 2 8• 32 C 4 44 C 8422 4 4

4 432,3, 844)2 CAC8C3, 3 43 3C. 4

PC3 444 4‘3

24* 8

Space (M2lPerson)

w

w

4 , 4

34 ‘8,’,34’ 4

L)

I 4:”11.’,a’ 43’) 4 8 28 4 — 3 8) 2 2 4

- 4 4

Faiziy incoe iRe. /Month’

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