how real archivists can learn to love the oaieprints.rclis.org/4698/1/lisb_mack-kris.pdf · 5...
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5 December 2002 OA Forum Workshop Lisbon
How real archivists can learn to love the OAI
George MacKenzieNational Archives of ScotlandNational Archives of Scotland
GGööran ran KristianssonKristianssonRiksarkivet, SwedenRiksarkivet, Sweden
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5 December 2002 OA Forum Workshop Lisbon
Open Archives Initiative?
How open is it?Archives, but not as we know themValuable initiative with significance for
resource discovery across the cultural and heritage domains.
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5 December 2002 OA Forum Workshop Lisbon
Archivists and the OAIContents
1. Archives and archival description2. Archival approaches to interoperability3. Using OAI for archival descriptions4. “Real” archives using OAI5. Conclusions and ways forward
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5 December 2002 OA Forum Workshop Lisbon
Archivists and the OAIContents
1. Archives and archival description2. Archival approaches to interoperability3. Using OAI for archival descriptions4. “Real” archives using OAI5. Conclusions and ways forward
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What are archives (and archivists) for ?
Advertisement Alert
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Archives are the documentary guarantee of Archives are the documentary guarantee of our rights and are fundamental to democracy our rights and are fundamental to democracy
and good governance. and good governance. Archives are central to defining the cultural Archives are central to defining the cultural
identity of peoples and nations.identity of peoples and nations.
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5 December 2002 OA Forum Workshop Lisbon
Recent Names for Archivists/Librarians
(from the Wall Street Journal)Information NavigatorsChief Answerists
But most users today are interested in family and local history – leisure historians
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Is this a Record ?
Not unless it has:ContentContextStructure
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5 December 2002 OA Forum Workshop Lisbon
Archivists and Descriptions
archivists came late to standardsarchive catalogues usually provide access
only to a paper (or parchment) original document.
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5 December 2002 OA Forum Workshop Lisbon
Archival PrinciplesTo understand the content of a document, you
must study the context in which it was created Provenance and original order Multi-level descriptionDescription needs to be collective and
contextual (Haworth, 2001)
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Multi-level description
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5 December 2002 OA Forum Workshop Lisbon
The Importance of Context
What do we mean by context in archives?Context aids understandingCrucial in electronic environmentCritical in cross-domain searching
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5 December 2002 OA Forum Workshop Lisbon
Descriptions in Context
Suppose a customer is searching for information on “Braes” a township on the island of Skye, scene of agricultural disturbance in 1882…….
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5 December 2002 OA Forum Workshop Lisbon
The initial search returns a description of the item, giving its reference number and collection details…….
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Further contextual information is available about the collection, the creator (Sheriff Ivory) and his role………..
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The description can also be exported as an EAD file…….
Click here
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5 December 2002 OA Forum Workshop Lisbon
Archivists and the OAIContents
1. Archives and archival description2. Archival approaches to interoperability3. Using OAI for archival descriptions4. “Real” archives using OAI5. Conclusions and ways forward
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Interoperability:the EUAN Project
archival principles fundamentalbuild on existing standards (ISAD etc.)fonds (collection) level validaccess pointslanguage remains barrier at Europe level
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The Access Point Question
Corporate namesDates
Subjectsnamesnames
PlacePersonal
Culturally neutral
Culturally specific
Easy
Difficult
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Interoperability:archive networksSCAN
– Single database– Collection level– Multiple servicesCAIN
– Network of networks
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Interoperability:archive networks
NAD, Sweden– Local and national archive institutions– Moved from CD format to on-line– Integrates e-commerce
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5 December 2002 OA Forum Workshop Lisbon
Interoperability
LEAF ProjectFrom EAD to EAC - Encoded Archival
Context
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5 December 2002 OA Forum Workshop Lisbon
Archivists and the OAIContents
1. Archives and archival description2. Archival approaches to interoperability3. Using OAI for archival descriptions4. “Real” archives using OAI5. Conclusions and ways forward
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OAI and archival description
The advantages:– reach new communities– cross sectoral– use by non archive organisations holding
archives
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OAI and archival descriptionThe disadvantages:
– conflict with archival hierarchies – loss of contextual information– descriptions less clear, may become
misleading– users disappointed that on-line access to record
is not available
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5 December 2002 OA Forum Workshop Lisbon
Archivists and the OAIContents
1. Archives and archival description2. Archival approaches to interoperability3. Using OAI for archival descriptions4. “Real” archives using OAI5. Conclusions and ways forward
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Real archives using OAI
UIUCAIM25, LondonAustralia, Bright Sparcs
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5 December 2002 OA Forum Workshop Lisbon
Archivists and the OAIContents
1. Archives and archival description2. Archival approaches to interoperability3. Using OAI for archival descriptions4. “Real” archives using OAI5. Conclusions and ways forward
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5 December 2002 OA Forum Workshop Lisbon
“OAI Protocols present one opportunity to re-engineer access
to archival materials to provide for greater interoperability.”
Chris Prom, 2002
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5 December 2002 OA Forum Workshop Lisbon
Archivists may use OAI, if:they are confident that OAI compliant
descriptions will respect their multi-level descriptions;
they can export data in an OAI compliant way with little or no additional work;
they believe that OAI will let them reach new, relevant audiences.
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Archivists may use OAI for:
Fonds or collection level descriptions;Contextual descriptions
– Record creators– Name authorities.
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5 December 2002 OA Forum Workshop Lisbon
OAI and archives - ways forwardpublicise OAI to archive community;
– library-archive cooperation;– higher education community first?assess results for EAD-OAI from UIUCtest OAI for fonds (collection) leveltest OAI for record creator descriptions
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Archives –the World’s Memory…
..and source of all our histories