©2013 Lori Roggman

An Observational Measure of Developmental ParentingDevelopmental Parenting

Presentation by Lori A. Roggman, Ph.D

©2013 Lori Roggman

Copyright 2013 by Lori A. Roggman, Gina A. Cook, Mark S. Innocenti, and Vonda Jump Norman. All rights reserved. Distributed by Paul H. Brookes Publishing Co., Inc. For ordering information, call 1-800-638-3775 or 410-337-9580; visit www.brookespublishing.com; or write to Brookes Publishing Co., P.O. Box 10624, Baltimore, Maryland 21285, U.S.A. Licensed for educational exhibition only in accord with Section 110 of the U.S. Copyright Act. Any broadcasting, copying, or other use without permission of Paul H. Brookes Publishing Co., Inc., is strictly prohibited.

Measurement development funded by ACYF Grant # 90YF0050 and Utah State University

©2013 Lori Roggman

2 questions

1. What is PICCOLO?

2. How can PICCOLO be used with families?

©2013 Lori Roggman

What is PICCOLO?Parenting Interactions with Children: Checklist of Observations Linked to

Outcomes

Measure of parenting interactions with children age 1 to 3

Developed at Utah State University by

Lori A. RoggmanGina A. CookMark S. InnocentiVonda Jump NormanKatie Christiansen

©2013 Lori Roggman

PICCOLO is a measure of Developmental ParentingDevelopmental Parenting

in 4 domains

AffectionAffection

Responsiveness Responsiveness

Encouragement Encouragement

Teaching Teaching

©2013 Lori Roggman

What is Developmental ParentingDevelopmental Parenting?

Parenting that helps children develop •

Parenting that develops over time

Parenting that parents may need help to develop

©2013 Lori Roggman

Social: security, self-regulation, relationshipsCognitive: exploration, reasoningLanguage: communication, vocabulary

Developmental Parenting Developmental Parenting is a set of parenting behaviors that research shows to support 3 areas of child development:

What is Developmental ParentingDevelopmental Parenting?

©2013 Lori Roggman

PICCOLO identifies parenting behaviors that support early child development.

PICCOLO shows what parents are comfortable doing and think is important to do.

PICCOLO can help early childhood practitioners provide encouraging feedback about positive parenting.

Why use PICCOLO ?

©2013 Lori Roggman

What do practitioners say about PICCOLO?

It’s easy to learn.

It highlights parents’ skills.

©2013 Lori Roggman

What is PICCOLO like?

Brief: requires only a 10-minute observation

Specific: has 29 behavior descriptions

Practical: helps guide program planning

Reliable: observers usually agree

Valid: predicts good child outcomes

©2013 Lori Roggman

How was PICCOLO developed?

Data & video from the Early Head Start Research & Evaluation Project

New observations of over 4,500 video clips from over 2,000 families in 16 communities across the US.

29 items with best reliability and validity from over 100 items

©2013 Lori Roggman

Cultural Considerations

PICCOLO was tested in 3 ethnic groups:• European American• African American• Latino American

PICCOLO observers of multiple ethnicities rated video observations within and across ethnic groups.

PICCOLO is reliable and valid within each group.

©2013 Lori Roggman

Reliable: Independent observers rate PICCOLO items similarly

Valid:PICCOLO scores are correlated with similar measures PICCOLO scores predict children’s development

PICCOLO is . . .

©2013 Lori Roggman

PICCOLO predicts child outcomes*

CognitiveBayley Mental Development Index at age 3Woodcock-Johnson Problem Solving Subscale at age 5

Language Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test at ages 3 & 5Woodcock-Johnson Letter-Word Subscale at age 5

Social-EmotionalBayley Behavior Rating of Emotion Regulation at age 3Child Behavior Checklist of Aggression at ages 3 & 5

* References for measures are in the PICCOLO User’s Guide

©2013 Lori Roggman

Each PICCOLO domain has 7-8 behavior items

©2013 Lori Roggman

PICCOLO Scoring

0 – Absent - no behavior observed1 – Barely - brief, minor, or emerging behavior2 – Clearly - definite, strong, or frequent behavior

Absent Barely Clearly0 1 2

©2013 Lori Roggman

Each PICCOLO item has observation guidelines

*See PICCOLO tool for all items and guidelines.

©2013 Lori Roggman

Each PICCOLO item has additional observation notes

*See PICCOLO User’s Guide for additional observation notes.

©2013 Lori Roggman

Scoring PICCOLO is simple

1. Sum the item scores to get a domain score. 2. Sum the domain scores to get a PICCOLO

score3. Higher item and domain scores are strengths.

*See PICCOLO User’s Guide for average domain scores by age.

©2013 Lori Roggman

Domain 1: AffectionAffection

Definition:Definition: Warmth, physical closeness, and positive expressions toward child.

©2013 Lori Roggman

Sample AffectionAffection items

0 – Absent - no behavior observed1 – Barely - brief, minor, or emerging behavior2 – Clearly - definite, strong, or frequent behavior

©2013 Lori Roggman

Domain 2: Responsiveness Responsiveness

Definition:Definition: Responding to child’s cues, emotions, words, interests, and behaviors.

©2013 Lori Roggman

Sample Responsiveness Responsiveness items

0 – Absent - no behavior observed1 – Barely - brief, minor, or emerging behavior2 – Clearly - definite, strong, or frequent behavior

©2013 Lori Roggman

Domain 3: Encouragement Encouragement

DefinitionDefinition: : Active support of child’s exploration, effort, skills, initiative, curiosity, creativity, and play.

©2013 Lori Roggman

Sample Encouragement Encouragement items

0 – Absent - no behavior observed1 – Barely - brief, minor, or emerging behavior2 – Clearly - definite, strong, or frequent behavior

©2013 Lori Roggman

Domain 4: Teaching Teaching

Definition: Definition: Shared conversation and play, cognitive stimulation, explanations, and questions.

©2013 Lori Roggman

Sample TeachingTeaching items

0 – Absent - no behavior observed1 – Barely - brief, minor, or emerging behavior2 – Clearly - definite, strong, or frequent behavior

©2013 Lori Roggman

How can PICCOLO be used with

Families?

©2013 Lori Roggman

PICCOLO observations

10 minute observation

“Live” scoring• score PICCOLO while observing

Video scoring• record and score PICCOLO later• recommended for discussion

©2013 Lori Roggman

When you use PICCOLO with parents be. . .

Positive: Emphasize what parents do well and often

Practical: Ask when parents can do more of these behaviors as part of their regular activities

Culturally sensitive: Ask parents what kinds of parenting interactions are important to them

©2013 Lori Roggman

What does PICCOLO tell you about parenting?

1. What a mother can do to support her child’s development

2. What a mother believes is important to do

3. What a mother is comfortable doing

4. What a mother knows how to do with her child

©2013 Lori Roggman

Thanks!Thanks!We are grateful to the parents and children in the observations used to develop PICCOLO and to the Early Head Start Research Consortium and the Head Start Bureau for making video recorded observations available for research.

PICCOLO development was supported by Administration for Children Youth & Families Grant #90YF0050 and a Utah State University Community/University Research Initiative grant.

Additional PICCOLO team members: James Akers, Cora Price, LauraMichele Gardner, Sheila Anderson, Krista Gurko

PICCOLO Program Partners: Bear River Head Start, Logan, UT. Davis Early Head Start, Layton, UT, Guadalupe Schools Early Childhood Program, Salt Lake City, UT

©2013 Lori Roggman

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For more information on PICCOLO