how our body works when we exercise? · how our body works when we exercise? there are three main...
TRANSCRIPT
How our body works when we
exercise? There are three main systems involved in exercise. They are the
respiratory system, which is about breathing. The circulatory system
which is about the heart and blood and the muscular system which is
about the movement of our body.
Respiratory
The first process in the respiratory system is breathing. Breathing is
inhale (breathing in) to get oxygen inside your body so you can live. We
also exhale ( breathe out) carbon dioxide. Breathing is automatically
happening in your body. Your body needs an unlimited amount of oxygen
for you to live until you die. You breathe automatically for the rest of
your life.
Secondly when you breathe the oxygen comes down your trachea also
known as your windpipe. While it is travelling down your trachea it
slides through tiny hair like tubes to enter the lungs. When it is in the
tubes there are tiny microscopic hairs called cilia, cilia catch all of the
mucus and dirt. When the oxygen is still travelling through the trachea
it goes through little passages called bronchioles, the bronchioles lead
into the lungs. once it is inside the lungs the lungs expand and when you
Diaphragm
The diaphragm is the muscle that helps the lungs to breathe. The
diaphragm is located on the bottom of your lungs so your lungs can rest.
It also helps the lungs to expand, your lungs deflate when you exhale.
Lungs
The lungs are one of the important organs in the body, if you did not
have any lungs you will die. The lungs are located in your chest, this is
because it needs to rest on top of the diaphragm. They are also
protected by the rib cage.
Both lungs are different because of their sizes the left lung is smaller
because it needs to make room for the heart to sit. The lungs are
squishy like a pink sponge.
Blood
Blood vessels are like vines that transport blood to and from the heart.
Blood vessels transport blood all over your body so you can live. Blood
helps the oxygen transfer into blood cells. This is because the blood
cells are small enough to be in single file.
Exercise
When exercise you start to breathe heavier and your heart starts to
power up and accelerates.
Lastly the respiratory system is about the breathing,lungs,blood and
exercise these are all involved in the respiratory system.
Circulatory system
The next system involved when exercise is the circulatory . The
circulatory systems job is to pump blood around the body. The heart is
located in the left middle of the chest. This is because it needs to be
closer to all of the other important organs to supply them with oxygen.
It’s also easier to pump blood to the upper body. The heart is protected
by the rib cage behind the left lung.
The heart is the size of an owners clenched fist. The heart is a special
muscle because it provides oxygen for us to live. The muscle fibres have
a special pattern that appears strait rather than spiral. It is easier to
pump blood around the body and squeeze so the main organs can receive
oxygen and nutrients.
there are 4 main parts of the heart 2 atriums and 2 ventricles. The
left side of the heart has an atrium a ventricle and a bicuspid valve.
The left atrium receives oxygenated blood from the lungs, while the
left ventricle pumps blood ventricle. The valve is located in between the
left ventricle and the right ventricle. The valve makes the blood enter
into the heart. The right atrium receives blood from the body. The job
of the right ventricle is to pump the blood to the pulmonary artery.
The nerves are a part of the circulatory system. The brain sends
messages to the sympathetic nerves that tells the heart to beat. The
parasympathetic nerves tell the heart to slow down when it is in a calm
situation.
3 Circulations
In the circulatory system there are 3 circulations, there is coronary
circulation pulmonary circulation and the systemic circulation. The first
one is the coronary circulation, the coronary circulation helps circulate
the blood to the cardiac muscle (the heart). The heart needs
nutrients and oxygen so it can keep working. It is a circulation that
keeps on working and it is also a muscle that produces waste. Next is
the pulmonary circulation, this circulation takes blood to and from the
heart and the lungs. Bronchiole circulation supply’s blood to the tissue
of larger airways inside the lungs. tissue with blood to the tissue of
larger airways in the lungs. The last of the circulations is the
systemic circulation it helps send blood around the body. It helps supply
the body cells with oxygen and nutrients. This circulation is important
because it takes all of the waste away.
Blood Vessels
There are different types of blood vessels in the whole body system
there are arteries, veins, and capillaries. The first blood vessel is the
arteries the arteries are a special blood vessel because it has 4 layers
there is a tunica layer which is the outer layer. This outer layer
contains blood vessels to supply. And the outer layer also contains nerve
cells. The next layer of the arteries are the tunica media, the tunica
media is the muscular layer, this is an elastic layer it also takes lots
of space in the arteries. It is elastic so it can expand it is also the
thickest layer in the arteries. The muscular layer puts more pressure.
Next is the tunica intima inner lining they are made of endothelial cells.
Next is the lumen. The is the hollow centre of the vessel. The lumen
is not as wide as a vein. It creates a high pressure and also it travels
through the body quicker.
CAPPALARIES
Capillaries don’t have 4 tunica layers like the arteries. The capillaries
only have a layer, that one layer is made out of endothelial cells.
VEINS
Next is the veins, the veins have the same design as the arteries but
has its differences. The lumen is wider than the lumen in arteries. The
vein has a thinner tunica media and has less pressure. The vein has a
thinner tunica media the cause of this. Veins also contain valves, the
valve stops the blood from going into the wrong direction it allows the
blood to pool. They also have a muscle pump, to help the blood pass
through.
Appearance
inside your body your blood vessels are a whitish. Your blood vessels
under your skin appear blue, this is because the sun t cant penetrate
through your skin. The arteries are red and veins are blue in teat
books so they can show the difference.
Types
As stated before there are different types of blood vessels. The
arteries are a part of the arterial system, is deep inside the body to
protect them. They transport oxygenated blood from the heart. There
is a high pressure from the heart, if you cut an artery blood will come
squirting out, because there is no pressure. Arteries start to get
smaller and smaller and they become arterioles. They are in the same
position in everyone. Capillaries are the smallest vessel and arterioles
filter the blood into them. Once here they deposit oxygen and nutrients
to cells. It transfers the waste and carbon dioxide to the blood.
Veins are a part of the venous system, this system carries deoxygenated
blood to the heart. It is a pressure system and if you cut one it will
dribble. Veins get bigger and bigger from the capillaries. They become
venules, then the veins. Lots of veins lie right under the surface of
your skin. Little veins vary from person to person but the main veins
are in the same place.
Blood Vessels Around The Heart
The pulmonary artery carries deoxygenated blood from the right
ventricle to the lungs. The pulmonary vein carry’s deoxygenated blood
from lungs to t5he heart. Next is the aorta, the aorta is the biggest
artery in the body. The aortas job is to take oxygenated blood from the
left ventricle to the body. There are two main veins the superior vena
cava that is in the upper body and there is the inferior vena cava which
is in the lower body.
Blood
The blood takes the heat from the busier places like the heart, the
lungs and the liver, it spreads the heat evenly around the body. That is
how we stay warm. There are 4 main parts to the blood, the first is
the red blood cells they are the main reason that our blood is red. Half
the volume of the blood is red blood cells and there are billions of them.
The red blood cells transport things around the body such as, oxygen to
cells in body. The red blood cells also carries waste like carbon dioxide.
Next is the white blood cells, these cells are the largest cells in the
blood, they help clean the blood and fight bad diseases. Next is the
platelets, platelets are the smallest part of the blood and they help
the blood to clot when cut and is billions of them in the blood. Plasma is
the final part plasma is a watery substance which carries nutrients
around to cells. Plasma is why the blood is liquidy. It carries the body
control substances line hormones.
Kidneys
The kidneys are a part of the urinary system, but are important to the
circulatory system. The blood and dispose of the waste through urine.
You have two kidneys, but if you lose one you can still survive. The
location of the kidneys are just in your back. Just below the middle and
they are both shaped like a bean. In the kidneys there is 100,000,000
tiny filters called nephrons, inside the cortex connected to the kidneys
is a tube called the ureter, here waste trickles to the bladder.
Exercise
During exercise the system accelerates. When you exercise your heart
pumps faster and harder. The sympathetic nerve sends messages to the
heart to pump faster. When you exercise you struggle to breathe,
because your heart needs to pump blood around the body quicker. Body’s
cells need more oxygen and nutrients to survive. When you dispose more
waste.
Muscular System
The last system involved in exercise is the muscular system. The
muscular system helps our bodies to move.
There are different types of muscles. The first muscle is voluntary,
the voluntary muscle is also known as the skeletal muscle, these
muscles are very adaptable and they are used in many different
situations. They will move when they need to, they also move with
thought. These muscles are connected to bones, for example bi-ceps, tri-
ceps thigh muscles etc. Writing and running are situations that the
skeletal muscles are involved in.
The next muscle is the involuntary muscle, the involuntary muscles are
also known as smooth muscles because they are smooth. The smooth
muscles are moved by no conscious thought but they are controlled by
the auto nomic nervous system. These muscles are involved in processes
like heart, breathing, digesting, stomach and the intestines. They are
walls of hollow structures like the stomach, intestines and more.
The last type of muscle is the cardiac muscle, it is the heart. It is a
involuntary muscle but is smooth on the inside and is skeletal on the
outside.
Appearance
Each muscle type look different. The skeletal muscles are half of the
bodies weight. Because of the blood into the muscle fibrils they appear
red. They have different layers the layer right under out skin is the
superficial layer. The deeper layer is the second layer and some
muscles have 3 layers this 13 the medical layer. Most skeletal
muscles are long and slim, but some are different. The pectorals are
fan shaped muscles and some are broad and wide like the abdominal
muscles.
Smooth muscles surface appears smooth and it has a reddish colour in
appearance just like the skeletal muscles.
Parts
There are many different parts of muscles, skeletal muscle fibres are
bundled all up to make muscles. Each of these are slightly smaller than
a tiny hair. Each fibre is made of dozens of smaller parts called fibrils.
They are bound together by connective like tissue (epimysiam). These
fibres are divided into little groups by a sheath (Perimysium). Within
the groups each of these fibres are surrounded by endo museum,
connective tissue. Each fibre inside the skeletal muscles contain little
thin threads and groups have blood vessels surrounding them. Fatter
muscles have more fibres than weaker ones. Muscle fibres are striated
at the microscopic level.
The tendons attach the muscle to the bone. They are placed at the end
of each muscle, they are strengthened by strong thick fibres of
collagen. Muscles become thinner or tappers away when connecting to
the tendon, they are stronger then super glue.
The smooth muscles are not striated this is what makes them smooth.
They are made of groups of smaller muscle cells, this helps them to
move differently.
The smooth muscles don’t have tendons. It doesn’t help the movement of
your body. In your body there are hollow structures that need to move,
the gut and the intestines.
The cardiac muscle fibres have a special form of striated fibres. This
special striation are only found in the heart and also adjoining vessels. It
is arranged in a spiral pattern, helps to squeeze blood through.
There are no tendons in the cardiac muscle as it is constantly moving for
the rest of your life.
Movement
Each muscle type moves in different ways. Skeletal muscles move with
conscious thought this is because it is controlled by the brain, and if you
think about movement you will move. When you think an impulse travels
down the nerves and the muscle moves. The skeletal muscles are very
adaptable, they exert a small force for example lifting up a feather and
also exert great power example lifting an heavy object like weights.
The thing about the skeletal muscles is that they tire out easily and
they need a long period of rest after use. They use glucose as its fuel.
Skeletal muscles have reflexes and reactions, they can react to certain
things instantly.
Smooth muscles move without you thinking, they are controlled by the
auto nomic nervous system. They are involved in the regulation of your
bodies. Internal environment. They move in a gradual synchronised
manner. These smooth muscles are slower than the skeletal muscles.
The smooth muscles regulate the size of the lumens inside the blood.
They move in motion like a wave in some organs, for example the gut and
the intestines. These smooth muscles do not tire, they are always keep
steady they contract for a long period of time. The smooth muscles are
always working, for example in the eyes, controlling the size of the
pupil and lens. When you digest you use your smooth muscles in the
stomach. Your skin reacts to little hairs and skin feelings.
Finally the cardiac muscle, the cardiac muscle moves without thought.
Smooth muscles even though on the outside of the cardiac muscle it is
striated. This cardiac muscle never tires out, it works all the time. It
speeds up and slows down when it needs to. When it pumps blood it
contracts like a wave. The muscle has the ability to contract
spontaneously. It will beat for a short period of time when it is removed
from the body.
Exercise
When you exercise your bodies muscles move quicker. With skeletal
muscles you consciously think to move quickly. When you are using a lot
of energy, your muscles need more glucose. Muscles tire, if you get
tired, cramps will start to happen if you are over tired. If you exercise
and your muscles are hurting that means your muscle fibres are torn.
When they repair themselves they become stronger muscles, when they
have healed the muscles become thicker and stronger. When exercising
your heart beats faster because you need more oxygen to breathe in.
blood vessels transport more blood and you breathe quicker. Other
systems accelerate by using energy and oxygen.