how open badges scaffold a better learning design and improve eportfolio management

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How Open Badges scaffold a better learning design and improve ePortfolio practices Mahara Hui 2015 Auckland DominiqueAlain JAN @dajan | [email protected] Leader of the French Mahara community TEL Lecturer at Lausanne University for Teacher Training

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How  Open  Badges  scaffold  a  better  learning  design  and  improve  ePortfolio  practices

Mahara  Hui  2015  -­‐  Auckland

Dominique-­‐Alain  JAN  @dajan  |  [email protected]  

Leader  of  the  French  Mahara  community  TEL  Lecturer  at  Lausanne  University  for  Teacher  Training

Plan

1. About  badges  1. (Open)Badges  –  an  old  story  2. Anatomy  of  a  Badge  3. Badges  vs  ePortfolios  

2. Managing  Badges  1. Creating  /  Issuing  /  Managing  badges  2. And  beyond  –  the  Open  Badge  Passport  

3. How  can  Open  badges  improve  the  learning  experience  of  ePs?

About  BadgesHow  can  Open  Badges  scaffold  a  better  learning  design  and  improve  eP  practices?

(Open)Badges  –  an  old  story

• Claims:  • We  have  been  using  badges  for  a  long  time  already  

• Medieval  blazon  • Army  flags  • Tartan  

• Badges  are  polymorphic  • Badges  can  be  serious  

«  The  aim  of  Open  Badges   is   to  allow  anyone   to  build  and  manage   a   portfolio   of   assessments   and   certifications   of  what  has  been  acquired  through  lifelong  learning,  as  well  as  formally   and   informally   during   leisure   activities,   self  learning,  or  through  charitable  activities  »

Denis  Lamontagne  (2011) «  Open  Badges  :  une  initiative

pour  la  reconnaissance  des  compétences  tout  au  long  de  la  vie  »,  20/09/11  accédé  le  30/05/14  [http://cursus.edu/article/17545/

open-­‐badges-­‐une-­‐initiative-­‐pour-­‐reconnaissance/]

Anatomy  of  a  BadgeHow  can  Open  Badges  scaffold  a  better  learning  design  and  improve  eP  practices?

• Learning  pathway  • Skills  assessment  

• Badge  issuer  • Trust

• Artefacts  /  Reflection  for  higher-­‐stake  evaluation  of  learning  outcomes  

• Badge  displayer

• Learning  pathway  • Skills  assessment  

• Badge  issuer  • Trust

• Badge  storage  • Badge  management

• Artefacts  /  Reflection  for  higher-­‐stake  evaluation  of  learning  outcomes  

• Badge  displayer

• Learning  pathway  • Skills  assessment  

• Badge  issuer  • Trust

• Badge  storage  • Badge  management

• Artefacts  /  Reflection  for  higher-­‐stake  evaluation  of  learning  outcomes  

• Badge  displayer

Badge  Name

Description

Issuing  criteria

Issuer

Evidences

Validity

Issuing  date

Image.png

Nom  du  badge

Description

Critères  d’obtention

Emetteur

Preuves

Date  de  validité

Date  émission

Image.png

Image  +  metadata  =  badge.png

{ "recipient": "[email protected]", "evidence": "/badges/economics/macro", "expires": "", "issued_on": "2015-04-08", "badge": { "version": "0.5.0" "name": "Keynesian multiplicator", "image": "/images/macro-keynMultiBase.png", "description": "Explain the effects of public… "criteria": "/badges/economics/keynes/multi/", "issuer": { "origin": "http://gymnyon.vd.ch", "name": "gymnyon", "org": "Gymnase de Nyon", "contact": "[email protected]" } } }

+

ImageCrit

eria

OwnerIssuer

EvidencesValidation  relationship

ImageCrit

eria

OwnerIssuer

EvidencesValidation  relationship

I  am  validating  your  skill…

ImageCrit

eria

OwnerIssuer

EvidencesValidation  relationship

…  of  knowing  how  to  do  this…

ImageCrit

eria

OwnerIssuer

EvidencesValidation  relationship

…on  the  basis  of  these  !

ImageCrit

eria

OwnerIssuer

EvidencesValidation  relationship

My  validation  is  also represented  by  this  !

ImageCrit

eria

OwnerIssuer

EvidencesValidation  relationship

ImageCrit

eria

OwnerIssuer

Evidences

The  Badges  are  a  HUB

ImageCrit

eria

People  sharing  the  same  Badge  /  Pathway  /  Location

Issuer

Evidences

The  Badges  are  a  HUB

ImageCrit

eria

Social  NetworkIssuer

Evidences

The  Badges  are  a  HUB

ImageCrit

eria

Social  NetworkIssuer

Evidences

The  Badges  are  a  HUB

Skills  Values  Attitudes  Knowledge

ImageCrit

eria

Social  Network

Evidences

The  Badges  are  a  HUB

Semantic  Network

Issuer

ImageCrit

eria

Social  Network

Evidences

The  Badges  are  a  HUB

Semantic  Network

Formal  /  Informal

ePortfolios  vs  Open  Badges?How  can  Open  Badges  scaffold  a  better  learning  design  and  improve  eP  practices?

ePortfolio  adoption

The  NES  (NHS  Education  for  Scotland)  ePortfolio  has  grown  rapidly  since  its  inception  in  August  2005  and  now  comprises  over  20  versions  for  over  35,000  healthcare  trainees  within  Scotland  (Nursing,  Midwifery,  Dentistry  and  Pharmacy),  across  the  United  Kingdom  (Medicine),  and  the  Republic  of  Ireland  (Medicine)

Source  :  http://guide.nhseportfolios.org/walkthrough/Home.aspx

Not  everyone  supports  ePortfolioI  started  this  petition  because  I  believe  the  ePortfolio  is  a  complete  waste  of  time  and  effort  for  all  Clemson  students.    I…].  Like  most  all  of  my  classmates,  I  put  work  into  my  classes  and  receive  grades,  as  I  should.  It  is  as  simple  as  that.  Why  should  we  be  required  to  create  a  portfolio  that  just  reiterates  the  fact  that  we  have  completed  a  course?  Why  should  we  be  submitting  work  to  an  online  portfolio  that  does  not  give  us  any  credit?  We  have  to  complete  this  to  graduate?  If  I  have  achieved  good  grades  and  completed  the  courses  necessary,  I  should  be  well  on  my  way  to  graduating.  The  ePortfolio  only  creates  another  task  for  students  to  worry  about,  a  task  that  accomplishes  nothing.  I  wrote  an  essay  for  my  English  class,  I  got  an  A  on  it,  that  led  to  me  receive  an  A  in  the  course,  and  I  successfully  earned  those  credits.  Nowhere  in  there  do  I  see  a  gap  that  must  be  filled  in  with  an  ePortfolio.  Many  of  us  have  friends  at  other  prestigious  universities.  Not  once  have  I  heard  of  an  ePortfolio  assignment  from  any  of  them.  I  firmly  believe  that  eliminating  the  ePortfolio  at  Clemson  University  will  truly  enable  students  to  be  more  focused  on  their  actual  coursework  and  have  a  more  positive  mindset  about  school.  […]      Jamie  Harding  started  this  petition          Petition  Closed  2,954  supporters        target  5,000

Source  :  https://www.change.org/p/clemson-­‐university-­‐eliminate-­‐the-­‐eportfolio

Not  everyone  supports  ePortfolio

• ePortfolios  –  7  reasons  why  I  don’t  want  my  life  in  a  shoeboxhttp://donaldclarkplanb.blogspot.com.au/2011/03/e-­‐portfolios-­‐7-­‐reasons-­‐why-­‐i-­‐dont-­‐want.html  

• Bollinger  (2010)  Student  perceptions  of  ePortfolio  integration  in  online  courses  

• Tosh  (2005)  Engagement  with  electronic  portfolios:  challenges  from  the  student  perspective  

• Shroff  (2011)  Analysing  the  technology  acceptance  model  in  examining  students’  behavioural  intentions  to  use  e-­‐portfolio  systems  

• Tzeng  (2011)  Perceived  values  and  prospective  users'  acceptance  of  prospective  technology:  the  case  of  a  career  eportfolio  system  

• Jan  (2015)  ePortfolio  trained  graduates  in  the  workplace:  are  they  significant  users  of  ePortfolio  features  at  the  start  of  their  careers?  [paper  to  be  delivered  at  ePIC  2015]  

• …

Managing  Badges  within  MaharaHow  can  Open  Badges  scaffold  a  better  learning  design  and  improve  eP  practices?

                                                                     Assignment

                                                                     Assignment

Issues  badges

                                                                     Assignment

Badge  displayerIssues  badges

Management Management

                                                                     Assignment

Badge  displayerIssues  badges

Badge  displayer

Management Management

                                                                     Assignment

Badge  displayerIssues  badges

Badge  displayer

Management Management

                                                                     Assignment

Badge  displayerIssues  badges

Badge  displayer

Design  Manage  Issue  Revoke

Management Management

                                                                     Assignment

Badge  displayerIssues  badges

Badge  displayer

Design  Manage  Issue  Revoke

Overrides  M

oodle  badges

Management Management

                                                                     Assignment

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Badge  displayer

Design  Manage  Issue  Revoke

Overrides  M

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Management Management

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ozilla  backpack

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Management Management

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Management Management

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Management Management

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ozilla  backpack

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Design  Manage  Issue  Revoke

Overrides  M

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Management Management

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ozilla  backpack

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Design  Manage  Issue  Revoke

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oodle  badges

Management Management

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Design  Manage  Issue  Revoke

Overrides  M

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Management Management

                                                                     Assignment

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ozilla  backpack

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Semantic  Network

Design  Manage  Issue  Revoke

Overrides  M

oodle  badges

Management Management

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Semantic  Network

Social  Network

How  Open  badges  can  improve  the  learning  experience  on  eP?How  can  Open  Badges  scaffold  a  better  learning  design  and  improve  eP  practices?

One  Case  Study

• Context:  • HES-­‐SO:  Higher  Education  institution  for  Healthcare  training  in  Fribourg  (Switzerland)  • New  syllabus  for  trained  nurses  to  become  heads  of  department  in  hospitals  • Master  degree  • Face  to  face  training  (1/3)  –  online  training  (2/3)  • 240  credits  ECTS  ! coursework  +  personal  work  

• TEL  • Moodle    • Mahara  

• mandatory  to  present  a  reflexive  and  personal  work  at  the  end  of  the  training  (3  years)  

• PLE

http://www.heds-­‐fr.ch/fr/Pages/default.aspx

https://vimeo.com/69882471

One  Case  Study

• Example  of  one  instruction  given  to  students  

• At  the  end  of  year  three  you  must  submit  your  portfolio  for  evaluation.  This  must  contain:  •  the  personal  and  reflexive  journal  you  have  written  alongside  your  three  years  of  training  • two  evidences  of  attainment  for  each  of  the  sixteen  main  skills  • your  personal  biography  

• This  portfolio  represents  30%  of  your  final  mark

My  questions  about  that

• What  is  reflexivity  in  your  context?  • Do  you  train  students  to  have  reflexive  practice  or  do  you  take  this  for  granted  from  their  previous  background?  • Will  you  train  students  to  acquire  eP  practices?  • Will  you  train  students  to  use  Mahara?  • What  in  your  view  constitutes  a  good  evidence  for  inclusion  in  someone’s  eP?  • Will  you  train  students  to  improve  their  digital  literacy?  • …    

• Have  you  all  agreed  on  what  the  16  skills  you  have  to  assess  are?

One  of  the  16  skills:  Reflexive  practice

• What  is  reflexive  practice?  

• Brainstorming  ! 7  people  ! 8  interpretations  

• Decision:  • First:  we  create  a  badge  on  reflexive  practice  • At  the  end:  we  create  3  badges  on  reflexive  practice    

• 3  levels  • One  for  each  year  • Acknowledge  students’  progress

Process

(1)  Reflexion (2)  Design (3)  Implementation

Process

(1)  Reflexion (2)  Design (3)  Implementation

Process

What?For  Who?

How?

Badge

(1)  Reflexion (2)  Design (3)  Implementation

Process

What?For  Who?

How?

Badge

(1)  Reflexion (2)  Design (3)  Implementation

Process

What?For  Who?

How?

Result:  

Intellectually  • A  comprehension  of  the  skill  • An  agreement  on  the  “boundary  object”  (Popper)  • Reification  (Wenger  on  CoP)  

Practically    • An  agreement  on  the  competences  that  contribute  to  

acquire  the  skill  • Competences  are  simpler  to  assess  • An  agreement  on  the  activities  to  develop  for  training  

the  students  (Bloom’s  taxonomy)  

Technically  • The  decision  on  what  settings  and  tools  that  must  be  

set  up  for  the  tasks/activities  (multiple  /  single  journal,  forums,  group  pages,  …)  

Badge

Process

Badge

(1)  Reflexion (2)  Design (3)  Implementation

Process

Badge

(1)  Reflexion (2)  Design (3)  Implementation

Process

Badge

(1)  Reflexion (2)  Design (3)  Implementation

http://learningdesigner.org/

Process

Badge

(1)  Reflexion (2)  Design (3)  Implementation

http://learningdesigner.org/

Process

Badge

(1)  Reflexion (2)  Design (3)  Implementation

http://learningdesigner.org/

Process

Badge

(1)  Reflexion (2)  Design (3)  Implementation

http://learningdesigner.org/

Process

Badge

(1)  Reflexion (2)  Design (3)  Implementation

http://learningdesigner.org/

Process

Badge

(1)  Reflexion (2)  Design (3)  Implementation

http://learningdesigner.org/

Template Group  page PLE

Process

Badge

(1)  Reflexion (2)  Design (3)  Implementation

http://learningdesigner.org/

Template Group  page PLE

Conclusion

• The  introduction  of  Open  Badges  has  improved  a  situation  where  • Students  were  confused  • Teachers  didn’t  agree  on  definitions  of  skills,  or  quality  standards  • The  design  of  activities  was  not  in  relation  with  the  skills  

• By  • Clarifying  the  objectives  (reification,  boundary  object,  Bloom’s  taxonomy,…)  • Helping  in  the  design  of  clear  evaluation  criteria  • Providing  an  acceptable  learning  curve  in  eP  practices  • Giving  mentors  time  to  feel  comfortable  with  TEL  and  eP

Source  :  https://i.vimeocdn.com/video/492177602_640.jpg