Term Meaning

1. Population pyramid A graph which shows the age and sex structure of a country or area

2. Crude birth rate (CBR) The number of babies born each year for every 1000 people in the country

3. Crude death rate (CDR) The number of deaths each year for every 1000 people in that country

4. Fertility rate The number of births for every 1000 women of childbearing age

5. Doubling time The length of time in years it takes for the population to double

6. Natural increase The difference between the crude birth rate and the crude death rate (CBR – CDR) /10 (divided by 10 to give a %)

7. Demographic transition model (DTM)

A graph which shows changes in CBR, CDR and total population over time

8. Life expectancy (LE) The number of years a person is expected to live to, on average

9. Infant mortality rate (IMR)

The number of babies that die before their 1st birthday, out of every 1000 babies born in a year

10. Exponential growth Where the rate of growth increases as time goes on (i.e. a graph has a curved line not a straight one)

11. Limiting factors Things in the environment that reduce or stop population growth

12. Total fertility rate The total number of children a woman has over her lifetime

13. Carrying capacity The maximum number of people an area can support sustainably

3.1 Population (use this ppt and the double-sided population worksheet) use your testbook too!

You need to know:

3.1.1: Exponential growth3.1.2: Population change and how to measure these things CBR CDR Fertility Doubling time Natural increase3.1.3: The DTM and population pyramids

How has the world’s population changed over time?Billion people Year1 1804

2 19273 1960

4 1974

5 1987

6 1999

7 2011

Draw a very quick line graph to show this information.1. How many years did it take the world’s population to increase from 1 billion to 2 billion?

123 years2. 2 billion to 3 billion? 33 years3. 3 billion to 4 billion? 14 years4. 4 billion to 5 billion? 13 years5. 5 billion to 6 billion? 12 years6. 6 billion to 7 billion? 12 years7. What is your estimate for the number of years to increase from 7 billion to 8 billion? 12

years8. What was the doubling time for 1 to 2 billion and 2 to 4 billion?

9. What evidence is there in the graph above that the world’s population growth may slow down?The evidence is that at the very top the red part starts to curve instead of go straight up which means that the population will start to even out and maybe in the far future, decrease and the time to add a billion increases to 26 yrs from 8 to 9 billion people.

10. In which 50 years did most growth take place? 1950 - 200011. Is most of the growth in MEDCs or LEDCs? LEDCs12. True/false: The rate of population growth has been increasing with time.

Why has there been a population explosion?There has been a population explosion which mainly took place

at the turn of the industrial revolution, when technology was improved, new medicine was discovered as well as other things like improved health conditions. This meant children survived rather than dying in infancy. It also meant people lived to be much older and so these two things contributed to a population increase.

The Philippines: population informationPopulation: 100MDensity: 300 /km2

There are 100M in The P. and in every square kilometre of land there are, on average, 300/km2 people. It is a problem when a country is densely populated because there aren’t enough resources for everyone.

0-14: 35% This means 35% of all of the people in The P. are under 15. It means the government needs to provide lots of 0-14.

15-64: 61% Nearly 2/3 of the population are working age. These people ‘provide’ for the 61% and 15 - 64 the by having jobs and paying taxes.

>65: 4% There are not many old people in The P because only 4% of the population is >65. People may die young because of lack of good health care or lack of education.

Population growth: 1.9%

This means that every year the population of The P. grows by 1.9%. This adds approximately 1.9% people to the country each year. This is a problem because a lot of extra things need to be provided for the people.

Birth rate: 25/1000/yr

This means that if there were only 1000 people in The P. 25 would be born each year. However there are 101,833,938 (July 2011 est.)people in The P. which means 25/1000/yr. babies are born every year.

Infant mortality rate: 19/1000

This means that out of every 1000 babies born 19/1000 die before they are 1. This is high. It may be because of bad medical care or doctors who are not fit to be doctors and only have minimum experience. 78,333,798

Life expectancy: 72 years

This means, on average, people live till 72 years.

Net migration: - 1.3%

This means each year 1.3% of the population leave The P. That means 1,323,841 migrate and or leave. This may be because there isn’t enough work here and they need a job or they aren’t being paid well enough so they leave to a country that will pay better or it could also be they just want the experience. It is a problem because the people that leave are often the working class and young people which are the “hope” for the Philippines.

Big understanding:

What are the population issues facing The Philippines? (8 marks)The population issues the Philippines is mainly facing is the fact that the poorer people of the Philippines which is a very large portion of the nation’s population, are having many kids not realizing the consequences of their actions until it’s too late. The Philippines doesn’t have the money or really the government doesn’t find it necessary to try and solve this issue, even issuing a RH Bill which is against contraception which is one of the important things the Philippines needs in order to slow down the rapid growth in population of the Philippines. As well, with a rapidly growing population the resources of the Philippines is dwindling, it will be impossible for them to sustain everyone in the country, even at the point they are in now 33% of the population is below the poverty line having families the size of a soccer team who they cannot provide for because they either don’t have well paying jobs or they don’t have a job at all due to the lack of education.

COUNTRY Generally LEDC: South Africa MEDC: Finland Philippines

Total population 49,004,031 (July 2011 est.) 5,259,250 (July 2011 est.) 101,833,938

0-14 Low = good 28.5% 16% 34.6% (male 17,999,279/female 17,285,040)

15-64 65.8% 66.1% 61.1% (male 31,103,967/female 31,097,203)

65 + High = good 5.7% 17.8% 4.3% (male 1,876,805/female 2,471,644)

Median age High = good 25 years 42.5 years 22.9 years

Population growth rate Low = good -0.38% (2011 est.) 0.075% (2011 est.) 1.903%

Birth rate Low = good 19.48 births/1,000 population (2011 est.)

10.37 births/1,000 population 25.34 births/1,000 population

Death rate 17.09 deaths/1,000 population 10.24 deaths/1,000 population 5.02 deaths/1,000 population

Natural increase (BR-DR) Low = good 2.39 0.13 20.32

Migration (+ means into the country, - means out of the country)

-6.19 migrant(s)/1,000 population

0.62 migrant(s)/1,000 population

-1.29 migrant(s)/1,000 population

% living in cities 62% of total population 85% of total population (as of 2010)

49% of total population

Infant mortality Low = good 43.2 deaths/1,000 live births 3.43 deaths/1,000 live births 19.34 deaths/1,000 live births

Life expectancy High = good 49.33 years 79.27 years 71.66 years

The Philippines: sex and religion 1. Manila is fast growing / slow growing.2. What products can be bought at the stall? What are they used for?3. How many illegal abortions take place each year?4. What is one side effect of these abortions? 5. Why do people blame the church for The Philippines’ population

growth?6. Are contraceptives given out by public health clinics?7. Out of all the pregnant women in Manila, what proportion of the

women wanted to get pregnant?8. How large is the family in the film? What are the knock-on effects

of this large family size on living space, poverty and education?9. What is the RH bill?10. Why is their a debate about it?11. What reasons were given for having a large population?12. What are your reasons slowing down the population growth?

• 1. fast growing• 2. catholic icons, amulets, lucky charms, regala (abortion drink = illegal)• 3. Half and million• 4. 8000 women died from abortion• 5. Because they have • 6. Banned from administering contraceptives• 7. Half of the pregnancies are unplanned • 8. 11 children in the family, not all kids can go to school, 7 of the kids have to work. • 9. It's a bill for contraceptives, for sex education, for abortion.• 10. Because there are so many things on one bill and some are debatable such as

abortion and contraceptives.• 11. The more people in the country the better the economy, more people to work.• 12. I would like the growth to slow down because the Philippines isn’t capable of

holding that many people who are in poverty who are the main reason for the population growth.

DTM

STAGE 1: Zambia

STAGE 2: Egypt

STAGE 3: Brazil

STAGE 4: Japan

STAGE 5: Germany

Doubling time

• The number of years it would take a population to double its size at its current growth rate.

• A natural increase of 1% will allow a population to double in 70 years.

• Other doubling times can be calculated proportionally i.e:

Doubling time = 70 natural increase rate

Fertility

The potential for reproduction exhibited in a population:1. Fertility Rate - the no. of births per 1000 women of

child bearing age.2. Total Fertility – the average number of children a

woman has in her life-time

Natural Increase rate (%)=

crude birth rate – crude death rate 10