how does the 18th edition affect surge protection · surge protection to bs en 62305 / bs 7671 18th...
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How does the 18th edition affect surge protection decisions?
Joe Ellwood, Product Marketing Specialist, Surge Protective Devices
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Surge protection to BS EN 62305 / BS 7671 18th edition
Section 443 – is surge protection required?
What are surges and how do they affect equipment?
Types of Surge Protective Device (SPD) and where to fit them
The importance of correct installation
Introduction
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Surge protection to BS EN 62305 / BS 7671 18th editionSection 443 – Calculated risk level (CRL)
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Surge protection to BS EN 62305 / BS 7671 18th editionSection 443 – overvoltage control
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Normal mains power supply
Large
Up to 6,000 volts
(Almost 20 times mains
supply)
Surge protection to BS EN 62305 / BS 7671 18th editionWhat are transient overvoltages (surges)?
Fast
Typically 50
microseconds duration
(20,000 transients per
second)
Transient overvoltage
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Surge protection to BS EN 62305 / BS 7671 18th editionDirect strike to structure (Source S1)
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Surge protection to BS EN 62305 / BS 7671 18th editionStrike near structure (Source S2)
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Surge protection to BS EN 62305 / BS 7671 18th editionDirect strike to service line (Source S3)
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Surge protection to BS EN 62305 / BS 7671 18th editionLightning flash near service line (Source S4)
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Motors – lifts, air conditioning
Transformers
Welding equipment
Surge protection to BS EN 62305 / BS 7671 18th editionInternal - from switching surges (inductive loads)
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Surge protection to BS EN 62305 / BS 7671 18th edition
Damage
The problems that transients cause
Typical hidden costs of system downtime:
▪ Lost business
▪ Delays to customers
▪ Lost productivity
▪ Staff Overtime
Degradation
Disruption
Downtime
Size of transient
overvoltage
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▪ Computers
▪ Fire and burglar alarms
▪ PABX telephone exchange
▪ Telecom base stations
▪ Data communication network
▪ CCTV equipment
Section 534 focuses on 3 Types of surge
protection for mains power but any metallic
electrical line (data/telecom) is a path for transients
– 534 recommends protection for these services
only
Surge protection to BS EN 62305 / BS 7671 18th editionEquipment vulnerable to transient overvoltages
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Divert surge currents and limit over-voltages, survive and
repeatedly protect personnel, buildings and equipment
Surge protection to BS EN 62305 / BS 7671 18th editionSurge protective device SPD - basic principle
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Surge protection to BS EN 62305 / BS 7671 18th edition
Complete system used to reduce physical damages to a
structure.
Consists of external and internal lightning protection systems:
▪ Requires use of service entrance Type 1 SPDs for mains
▪ Data, signal and telecom lines also require protection
Lightning protection system (LPS) – BS EN 62305-3
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Surge protection to BS EN 62305 / BS 7671 18th edition
Complete system of protection measures for
internal systems against LEMP (surges)
Co-ordinated Type 2 & 3 SPDs, shielding and
bonding measures
Surge protection measures (SPM) – BS EN 62305-4
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Surge protection to BS EN 62305 / BS 7671 18th editionSPD Types and locations
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Common mode surges:
▪ Break down equipment
▪ Dielectric insulation
Differential mode surges:
▪ Electronic equipment
▪ Operating problems
▪ System degradation
Surge protection to BS EN 62305 / BS 7671 18th editionModes of protection
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Lower (therefore better) voltage protection levels UP (let-through voltage) for a given test surge
UP of < 1600V for Type 1 and < 600V for Type 2 and Type 3 SPDs
Mains combined Type SPDs e.g. 1+2, 2+3, 1+2+3
combined Type are more economic:
▪ Less units required than individual Type SPDs
▪ Single installation saves time, cost over individual Type
SPDs
Surge protection to BS EN 62305 / BS 7671 18th editionCombined Type / enhanced SPDs
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Surge protection to BS EN 62305 / BS 7671 18th edition
Fault protection integrity:
▪ Fault protection to remain effective even in case of SPD failure
SPDs in practice should have dedicated OCPD in-line:
▪ The SPD OCPD (OCPD2) shall not exceed the manufacturers
rating and should follow co-ordinations rules with the main or
upstream OCPD (OCPD1)
▪ OCPD2 & SPD assembly (SPDA) shall have a short-circuit
current rating ISCCR not lower than the maximum prospective
short-circuit current at the connection points (A & B) of the
SPD assembly
End of life conditions of SPDs:
▪ OCPD provides protection against SPD short circuits
▪ SPDs should have internal thermal safety disconnection e.g.
for safe disconnection from abnormal supply conditions
Overcurrent protection
OCPD1 E/I
OCPD2
SPD
SPDA
A
B
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Surge protection to BS EN 62305 / BS 7671 18th edition
SPDs installed before or upstream of RCD – no tripping problem from
overvoltages
SPDs installed load side of RCD – nuisance tripping possible
RCDs to have immunity to surge currents of 3kA (8/20 surge current waveform)
S-Type RCDs meet this requirement
SPD in conjunction with RCDs
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Surge protection to BS EN 62305 / BS 7671 18th edition
534 recommends connecting leads (a + b) should not
preferably exceed 0.5m
Under no circumstances should leads exceed 1m
In practice, connecting leads should be kept as short
as possible (0.25 m if practicable)
Minimum size of service entrance SPDs connecting
leads to PE/live conductors - copper (or equivalent):
▪ 16mm2/6mm2 for Type 1 SPDs,
▪ 6mm2/2.5mm2 for Type 2 SPDs
SPD installation – parallel connection
OCPD Overcurrent protective device
SPD Surge protective device
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Surge protection to BS EN 62305 / BS 7671 18th editionInstallation effects – parallel protectors
Binding connecting leads
cancels magnetic fields and
hence inductive voltage
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Surge protection to BS EN 62305 / BS 7671 18th editionSPD installation
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Surge protection to BS EN 62305 / BS 7671 18th edition
SPD status indication
SPDs installed in shunt/parallel – if they fail, user unaware, equipment unprotected
SPDs to indicate if they provide limited or no protection
Indication could be visual, audible and/or remote
Remote connection to BMS or external panel light
Section 534 key areas – selection of SPDs
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Surge protection to BS EN 62305 / BS 7671 18th editionMains protection example
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Surge protection to BS EN 62305 / BS 7671 18th edition
Section 534 covers selection and installation of all SPD Types:
▪ Type 1 for protection against direct lightning strikes causing flashover
▪ Type 2 and 3 for equipment overvoltage protection
Section 534 in-line with latest IEC/BS EN 62305 standards:
▪ BS EN 62305 “Protection against lightning” – personnel, structures, systems
▪ BS EN 62305 (2006) eventually replaced BS 6651 “Protection of structures against
lightning” in 2008.
Correct selection and installation of SPDs critical for effective protection
Protect data, signal & telecom lines as well as mains power
Summary
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